1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

ELC 231 Introduction to Language and LinguisticsIntroduction to Phonetics

Dr Meagan Louie

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 1 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Last Time A language consists of

(i) A structured collection of sounds Phonetic Inventory

(ii) A repository of meaning Semantic Ontology

(iii) Rules about how these elements combine (ie the GRAMMAR)

sounds into complex sounds

sound and meanings into 〈sound meaning〉 pairs

morphemes into words

words into phrases and sentences

simple morpheme meanings into complex meanings

complex meanings with context

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 2 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Last Time A language consists of

(i) A structured collection of sounds Phonetic Inventory

(ii) A repository of meaning Semantic Ontology

(iii) Rules about how these elements combine (ie the GRAMMAR)

sounds into complex sounds

sound and meanings into 〈sound meaning〉 pairs

morphemes into words

words into phrases and sentences

simple morpheme meanings into complex meanings

complex meanings with context

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 2 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Last Time A language consists of

(i) A structured collection of sounds Phonetic Inventory

(ii) A repository of meaning Semantic Ontology

(iii) Rules about how these elements combine (ie the GRAMMAR)

sounds into complex sounds

sound and meanings into 〈sound meaning〉 pairs

morphemes into words

words into phrases and sentences

simple morpheme meanings into complex meanings

complex meanings with context

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 2 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Last Time A language consists of

(i) A structured collection of sounds Phonetic Inventory

(ii) A repository of meaning Semantic Ontology

(iii) Rules about how these elements combine (ie the GRAMMAR)

sounds into complex sounds

sound and meanings into 〈sound meaning〉 pairs

morphemes into words

words into phrases and sentences

simple morpheme meanings into complex meanings

complex meanings with context

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 2 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Last Time A language consists of

(i) A structured collection of sounds Phonetic Inventory

(ii) A repository of meaning Semantic Ontology

(iii) Rules about how these elements combine (ie the GRAMMAR)

sounds into complex sounds

sound and meanings into 〈sound meaning〉 pairs

morphemes into words

words into phrases and sentences

simple morpheme meanings into complex meanings

complex meanings with context

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 2 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Last Time A language consists of

(i) A structured collection of sounds Phonetic Inventory

(ii) A repository of meaning Semantic Ontology

(iii) Rules about how these elements combine (ie the GRAMMAR)

sounds into complex sounds

sound and meanings into 〈sound meaning〉 pairs

morphemes into words

words into phrases and sentences

simple morpheme meanings into complex meanings

complex meanings with context

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 2 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Last Time A language consists of

(i) A structured collection of sounds Phonetic Inventory

(ii) A repository of meaning Semantic Ontology

(iii) Rules about how these elements combine (ie the GRAMMAR)

sounds into complex sounds

sound and meanings into 〈sound meaning〉 pairs

morphemes into words

words into phrases and sentences

simple morpheme meanings into complex meanings

complex meanings with context

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 2 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Last Time A language consists of

(i) A structured collection of sounds Phonetic Inventory

(ii) A repository of meaning Semantic Ontology

(iii) Rules about how these elements combine (ie the GRAMMAR)

sounds into complex sounds

sound and meanings into 〈sound meaning〉 pairs

morphemes into words

words into phrases and sentences

simple morpheme meanings into complex meanings

complex meanings with context

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 2 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Last Time A language consists of

(i) A structured collection of sounds Phonetic Inventory

(ii) A repository of meaning Semantic Ontology

(iii) Rules about how these elements combine (ie the GRAMMAR)

sounds into complex sounds

sound and meanings into 〈sound meaning〉 pairs

morphemes into words

words into phrases and sentences

simple morpheme meanings into complex meanings

complex meanings with context

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 2 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Last Time A language consists of

(i) A structured collection of sounds Phonetic Inventory

(ii) A repository of meaning Semantic Ontology

(iii) Rules about how these elements combine (ie the GRAMMAR)

sounds into complex sounds

sound and meanings into 〈sound meaning〉 pairs

morphemes into words

words into phrases and sentences

simple morpheme meanings into complex meanings

complex meanings with context

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 2 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains

Linguistics The study of Language

Phonetics

Phonology

Morphology

Syntax

Semantics

Pragmatics

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 3 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Linguistics The study of Language

Phonetics

Phonology

Morphology

Syntax

Semantics

Pragmatics

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 4 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 6 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg []) can correspond to a lot of different letters

(2) a maritime []

b connect []

c circus []

d physician []

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 9 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg []) can correspond to a lot of different letters

(2) a maritime []

b connect []

c circus []

d physician []

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 9 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With an alphabet for a language with more sounds

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg [kh]) can correspond to a lot of different letters

ข ฃค ฅฆ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 10 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With an alphabet for a language with more sounds

BUT Not all languages have the same sounds

CONSONANTS English Thai TR Salish Xhosa

Sonorant 7 7 16 16Pulmonic Obstruent 17 14 18 22Ejective Obstruent 0 0 8 7Implosive Obstruent 0 0 0 1Click Obstruent 0 0 0 18

TOTAL 24 21 42 64

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 11 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds Ladefoged (2001)

Option 1 With some languagersquos alphabet timesOption 2 With the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

- a transcription system that uses a 11 rsquosound-symbolrsquo correspondenceThe IPA categorizes consonants according to their articulatory properties

1 Place of Articulation (bilabial alveolar pharyngeal etc)

2 Manner of Articulation (stopplosive fricative glide etc)

3 Laryngeal Mechanism (voiced voiceless ejective etc)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 12 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 15 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 17 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 18 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Aspiration Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 20 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 22 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

The air passes through through your oral(-nasal) cavity

You can make constrictions at various points within youroral(-nasal) cavity

Different types of constrictionsresult in different types of speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 23 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 25 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

LABIAL CORONAL DORSALBilabial (p b m) Dental ( T D) Palatal (j)Labiodental (f v) Alveolar (t d n s) Velar (k g N)

Retroflex (uacute atilde ) Uvular (q ouml K)Palato-Alveolar (S Z) (Pharyngeal (Q))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 26 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

Articulatory positions of laminal denti-alveolar laminal palatal-alveolarand palatal stops in Ngwo (From Ladefoged amp Maddieson (1996))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 27 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 28 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

STOP complete closure of articulators

oral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k

nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 30 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 31 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Last Time A language consists of

(i) A structured collection of sounds Phonetic Inventory

(ii) A repository of meaning Semantic Ontology

(iii) Rules about how these elements combine (ie the GRAMMAR)

sounds into complex sounds

sound and meanings into 〈sound meaning〉 pairs

morphemes into words

words into phrases and sentences

simple morpheme meanings into complex meanings

complex meanings with context

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 2 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Last Time A language consists of

(i) A structured collection of sounds Phonetic Inventory

(ii) A repository of meaning Semantic Ontology

(iii) Rules about how these elements combine (ie the GRAMMAR)

sounds into complex sounds

sound and meanings into 〈sound meaning〉 pairs

morphemes into words

words into phrases and sentences

simple morpheme meanings into complex meanings

complex meanings with context

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 2 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Last Time A language consists of

(i) A structured collection of sounds Phonetic Inventory

(ii) A repository of meaning Semantic Ontology

(iii) Rules about how these elements combine (ie the GRAMMAR)

sounds into complex sounds

sound and meanings into 〈sound meaning〉 pairs

morphemes into words

words into phrases and sentences

simple morpheme meanings into complex meanings

complex meanings with context

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 2 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Last Time A language consists of

(i) A structured collection of sounds Phonetic Inventory

(ii) A repository of meaning Semantic Ontology

(iii) Rules about how these elements combine (ie the GRAMMAR)

sounds into complex sounds

sound and meanings into 〈sound meaning〉 pairs

morphemes into words

words into phrases and sentences

simple morpheme meanings into complex meanings

complex meanings with context

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 2 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Last Time A language consists of

(i) A structured collection of sounds Phonetic Inventory

(ii) A repository of meaning Semantic Ontology

(iii) Rules about how these elements combine (ie the GRAMMAR)

sounds into complex sounds

sound and meanings into 〈sound meaning〉 pairs

morphemes into words

words into phrases and sentences

simple morpheme meanings into complex meanings

complex meanings with context

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 2 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Last Time A language consists of

(i) A structured collection of sounds Phonetic Inventory

(ii) A repository of meaning Semantic Ontology

(iii) Rules about how these elements combine (ie the GRAMMAR)

sounds into complex sounds

sound and meanings into 〈sound meaning〉 pairs

morphemes into words

words into phrases and sentences

simple morpheme meanings into complex meanings

complex meanings with context

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 2 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Last Time A language consists of

(i) A structured collection of sounds Phonetic Inventory

(ii) A repository of meaning Semantic Ontology

(iii) Rules about how these elements combine (ie the GRAMMAR)

sounds into complex sounds

sound and meanings into 〈sound meaning〉 pairs

morphemes into words

words into phrases and sentences

simple morpheme meanings into complex meanings

complex meanings with context

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 2 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Last Time A language consists of

(i) A structured collection of sounds Phonetic Inventory

(ii) A repository of meaning Semantic Ontology

(iii) Rules about how these elements combine (ie the GRAMMAR)

sounds into complex sounds

sound and meanings into 〈sound meaning〉 pairs

morphemes into words

words into phrases and sentences

simple morpheme meanings into complex meanings

complex meanings with context

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 2 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Last Time A language consists of

(i) A structured collection of sounds Phonetic Inventory

(ii) A repository of meaning Semantic Ontology

(iii) Rules about how these elements combine (ie the GRAMMAR)

sounds into complex sounds

sound and meanings into 〈sound meaning〉 pairs

morphemes into words

words into phrases and sentences

simple morpheme meanings into complex meanings

complex meanings with context

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 2 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Last Time A language consists of

(i) A structured collection of sounds Phonetic Inventory

(ii) A repository of meaning Semantic Ontology

(iii) Rules about how these elements combine (ie the GRAMMAR)

sounds into complex sounds

sound and meanings into 〈sound meaning〉 pairs

morphemes into words

words into phrases and sentences

simple morpheme meanings into complex meanings

complex meanings with context

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 2 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains

Linguistics The study of Language

Phonetics

Phonology

Morphology

Syntax

Semantics

Pragmatics

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 3 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Linguistics The study of Language

Phonetics

Phonology

Morphology

Syntax

Semantics

Pragmatics

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 4 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 6 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg []) can correspond to a lot of different letters

(2) a maritime []

b connect []

c circus []

d physician []

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 9 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg []) can correspond to a lot of different letters

(2) a maritime []

b connect []

c circus []

d physician []

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 9 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With an alphabet for a language with more sounds

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg [kh]) can correspond to a lot of different letters

ข ฃค ฅฆ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 10 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With an alphabet for a language with more sounds

BUT Not all languages have the same sounds

CONSONANTS English Thai TR Salish Xhosa

Sonorant 7 7 16 16Pulmonic Obstruent 17 14 18 22Ejective Obstruent 0 0 8 7Implosive Obstruent 0 0 0 1Click Obstruent 0 0 0 18

TOTAL 24 21 42 64

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 11 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds Ladefoged (2001)

Option 1 With some languagersquos alphabet timesOption 2 With the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

- a transcription system that uses a 11 rsquosound-symbolrsquo correspondenceThe IPA categorizes consonants according to their articulatory properties

1 Place of Articulation (bilabial alveolar pharyngeal etc)

2 Manner of Articulation (stopplosive fricative glide etc)

3 Laryngeal Mechanism (voiced voiceless ejective etc)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 12 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 15 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 17 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 18 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Aspiration Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 20 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 22 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

The air passes through through your oral(-nasal) cavity

You can make constrictions at various points within youroral(-nasal) cavity

Different types of constrictionsresult in different types of speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 23 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 25 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

LABIAL CORONAL DORSALBilabial (p b m) Dental ( T D) Palatal (j)Labiodental (f v) Alveolar (t d n s) Velar (k g N)

Retroflex (uacute atilde ) Uvular (q ouml K)Palato-Alveolar (S Z) (Pharyngeal (Q))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 26 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

Articulatory positions of laminal denti-alveolar laminal palatal-alveolarand palatal stops in Ngwo (From Ladefoged amp Maddieson (1996))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 27 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 28 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

STOP complete closure of articulators

oral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k

nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 30 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 31 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Last Time A language consists of

(i) A structured collection of sounds Phonetic Inventory

(ii) A repository of meaning Semantic Ontology

(iii) Rules about how these elements combine (ie the GRAMMAR)

sounds into complex sounds

sound and meanings into 〈sound meaning〉 pairs

morphemes into words

words into phrases and sentences

simple morpheme meanings into complex meanings

complex meanings with context

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 2 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Last Time A language consists of

(i) A structured collection of sounds Phonetic Inventory

(ii) A repository of meaning Semantic Ontology

(iii) Rules about how these elements combine (ie the GRAMMAR)

sounds into complex sounds

sound and meanings into 〈sound meaning〉 pairs

morphemes into words

words into phrases and sentences

simple morpheme meanings into complex meanings

complex meanings with context

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 2 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Last Time A language consists of

(i) A structured collection of sounds Phonetic Inventory

(ii) A repository of meaning Semantic Ontology

(iii) Rules about how these elements combine (ie the GRAMMAR)

sounds into complex sounds

sound and meanings into 〈sound meaning〉 pairs

morphemes into words

words into phrases and sentences

simple morpheme meanings into complex meanings

complex meanings with context

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 2 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Last Time A language consists of

(i) A structured collection of sounds Phonetic Inventory

(ii) A repository of meaning Semantic Ontology

(iii) Rules about how these elements combine (ie the GRAMMAR)

sounds into complex sounds

sound and meanings into 〈sound meaning〉 pairs

morphemes into words

words into phrases and sentences

simple morpheme meanings into complex meanings

complex meanings with context

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 2 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Last Time A language consists of

(i) A structured collection of sounds Phonetic Inventory

(ii) A repository of meaning Semantic Ontology

(iii) Rules about how these elements combine (ie the GRAMMAR)

sounds into complex sounds

sound and meanings into 〈sound meaning〉 pairs

morphemes into words

words into phrases and sentences

simple morpheme meanings into complex meanings

complex meanings with context

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 2 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Last Time A language consists of

(i) A structured collection of sounds Phonetic Inventory

(ii) A repository of meaning Semantic Ontology

(iii) Rules about how these elements combine (ie the GRAMMAR)

sounds into complex sounds

sound and meanings into 〈sound meaning〉 pairs

morphemes into words

words into phrases and sentences

simple morpheme meanings into complex meanings

complex meanings with context

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 2 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Last Time A language consists of

(i) A structured collection of sounds Phonetic Inventory

(ii) A repository of meaning Semantic Ontology

(iii) Rules about how these elements combine (ie the GRAMMAR)

sounds into complex sounds

sound and meanings into 〈sound meaning〉 pairs

morphemes into words

words into phrases and sentences

simple morpheme meanings into complex meanings

complex meanings with context

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 2 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Last Time A language consists of

(i) A structured collection of sounds Phonetic Inventory

(ii) A repository of meaning Semantic Ontology

(iii) Rules about how these elements combine (ie the GRAMMAR)

sounds into complex sounds

sound and meanings into 〈sound meaning〉 pairs

morphemes into words

words into phrases and sentences

simple morpheme meanings into complex meanings

complex meanings with context

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 2 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Last Time A language consists of

(i) A structured collection of sounds Phonetic Inventory

(ii) A repository of meaning Semantic Ontology

(iii) Rules about how these elements combine (ie the GRAMMAR)

sounds into complex sounds

sound and meanings into 〈sound meaning〉 pairs

morphemes into words

words into phrases and sentences

simple morpheme meanings into complex meanings

complex meanings with context

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 2 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains

Linguistics The study of Language

Phonetics

Phonology

Morphology

Syntax

Semantics

Pragmatics

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 3 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Linguistics The study of Language

Phonetics

Phonology

Morphology

Syntax

Semantics

Pragmatics

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 4 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 6 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg []) can correspond to a lot of different letters

(2) a maritime []

b connect []

c circus []

d physician []

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 9 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg []) can correspond to a lot of different letters

(2) a maritime []

b connect []

c circus []

d physician []

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 9 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With an alphabet for a language with more sounds

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg [kh]) can correspond to a lot of different letters

ข ฃค ฅฆ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 10 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With an alphabet for a language with more sounds

BUT Not all languages have the same sounds

CONSONANTS English Thai TR Salish Xhosa

Sonorant 7 7 16 16Pulmonic Obstruent 17 14 18 22Ejective Obstruent 0 0 8 7Implosive Obstruent 0 0 0 1Click Obstruent 0 0 0 18

TOTAL 24 21 42 64

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 11 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds Ladefoged (2001)

Option 1 With some languagersquos alphabet timesOption 2 With the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

- a transcription system that uses a 11 rsquosound-symbolrsquo correspondenceThe IPA categorizes consonants according to their articulatory properties

1 Place of Articulation (bilabial alveolar pharyngeal etc)

2 Manner of Articulation (stopplosive fricative glide etc)

3 Laryngeal Mechanism (voiced voiceless ejective etc)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 12 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 15 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 17 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 18 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Aspiration Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 20 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 22 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

The air passes through through your oral(-nasal) cavity

You can make constrictions at various points within youroral(-nasal) cavity

Different types of constrictionsresult in different types of speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 23 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 25 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

LABIAL CORONAL DORSALBilabial (p b m) Dental ( T D) Palatal (j)Labiodental (f v) Alveolar (t d n s) Velar (k g N)

Retroflex (uacute atilde ) Uvular (q ouml K)Palato-Alveolar (S Z) (Pharyngeal (Q))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 26 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

Articulatory positions of laminal denti-alveolar laminal palatal-alveolarand palatal stops in Ngwo (From Ladefoged amp Maddieson (1996))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 27 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 28 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

STOP complete closure of articulators

oral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k

nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 30 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 31 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Last Time A language consists of

(i) A structured collection of sounds Phonetic Inventory

(ii) A repository of meaning Semantic Ontology

(iii) Rules about how these elements combine (ie the GRAMMAR)

sounds into complex sounds

sound and meanings into 〈sound meaning〉 pairs

morphemes into words

words into phrases and sentences

simple morpheme meanings into complex meanings

complex meanings with context

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 2 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Last Time A language consists of

(i) A structured collection of sounds Phonetic Inventory

(ii) A repository of meaning Semantic Ontology

(iii) Rules about how these elements combine (ie the GRAMMAR)

sounds into complex sounds

sound and meanings into 〈sound meaning〉 pairs

morphemes into words

words into phrases and sentences

simple morpheme meanings into complex meanings

complex meanings with context

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 2 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Last Time A language consists of

(i) A structured collection of sounds Phonetic Inventory

(ii) A repository of meaning Semantic Ontology

(iii) Rules about how these elements combine (ie the GRAMMAR)

sounds into complex sounds

sound and meanings into 〈sound meaning〉 pairs

morphemes into words

words into phrases and sentences

simple morpheme meanings into complex meanings

complex meanings with context

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 2 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Last Time A language consists of

(i) A structured collection of sounds Phonetic Inventory

(ii) A repository of meaning Semantic Ontology

(iii) Rules about how these elements combine (ie the GRAMMAR)

sounds into complex sounds

sound and meanings into 〈sound meaning〉 pairs

morphemes into words

words into phrases and sentences

simple morpheme meanings into complex meanings

complex meanings with context

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 2 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Last Time A language consists of

(i) A structured collection of sounds Phonetic Inventory

(ii) A repository of meaning Semantic Ontology

(iii) Rules about how these elements combine (ie the GRAMMAR)

sounds into complex sounds

sound and meanings into 〈sound meaning〉 pairs

morphemes into words

words into phrases and sentences

simple morpheme meanings into complex meanings

complex meanings with context

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 2 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Last Time A language consists of

(i) A structured collection of sounds Phonetic Inventory

(ii) A repository of meaning Semantic Ontology

(iii) Rules about how these elements combine (ie the GRAMMAR)

sounds into complex sounds

sound and meanings into 〈sound meaning〉 pairs

morphemes into words

words into phrases and sentences

simple morpheme meanings into complex meanings

complex meanings with context

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 2 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Last Time A language consists of

(i) A structured collection of sounds Phonetic Inventory

(ii) A repository of meaning Semantic Ontology

(iii) Rules about how these elements combine (ie the GRAMMAR)

sounds into complex sounds

sound and meanings into 〈sound meaning〉 pairs

morphemes into words

words into phrases and sentences

simple morpheme meanings into complex meanings

complex meanings with context

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 2 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Last Time A language consists of

(i) A structured collection of sounds Phonetic Inventory

(ii) A repository of meaning Semantic Ontology

(iii) Rules about how these elements combine (ie the GRAMMAR)

sounds into complex sounds

sound and meanings into 〈sound meaning〉 pairs

morphemes into words

words into phrases and sentences

simple morpheme meanings into complex meanings

complex meanings with context

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 2 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains

Linguistics The study of Language

Phonetics

Phonology

Morphology

Syntax

Semantics

Pragmatics

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 3 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Linguistics The study of Language

Phonetics

Phonology

Morphology

Syntax

Semantics

Pragmatics

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 4 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 6 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg []) can correspond to a lot of different letters

(2) a maritime []

b connect []

c circus []

d physician []

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 9 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg []) can correspond to a lot of different letters

(2) a maritime []

b connect []

c circus []

d physician []

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 9 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With an alphabet for a language with more sounds

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg [kh]) can correspond to a lot of different letters

ข ฃค ฅฆ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 10 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With an alphabet for a language with more sounds

BUT Not all languages have the same sounds

CONSONANTS English Thai TR Salish Xhosa

Sonorant 7 7 16 16Pulmonic Obstruent 17 14 18 22Ejective Obstruent 0 0 8 7Implosive Obstruent 0 0 0 1Click Obstruent 0 0 0 18

TOTAL 24 21 42 64

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 11 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds Ladefoged (2001)

Option 1 With some languagersquos alphabet timesOption 2 With the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

- a transcription system that uses a 11 rsquosound-symbolrsquo correspondenceThe IPA categorizes consonants according to their articulatory properties

1 Place of Articulation (bilabial alveolar pharyngeal etc)

2 Manner of Articulation (stopplosive fricative glide etc)

3 Laryngeal Mechanism (voiced voiceless ejective etc)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 12 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 15 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 17 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 18 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Aspiration Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 20 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 22 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

The air passes through through your oral(-nasal) cavity

You can make constrictions at various points within youroral(-nasal) cavity

Different types of constrictionsresult in different types of speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 23 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 25 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

LABIAL CORONAL DORSALBilabial (p b m) Dental ( T D) Palatal (j)Labiodental (f v) Alveolar (t d n s) Velar (k g N)

Retroflex (uacute atilde ) Uvular (q ouml K)Palato-Alveolar (S Z) (Pharyngeal (Q))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 26 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

Articulatory positions of laminal denti-alveolar laminal palatal-alveolarand palatal stops in Ngwo (From Ladefoged amp Maddieson (1996))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 27 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 28 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

STOP complete closure of articulators

oral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k

nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 30 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 31 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Last Time A language consists of

(i) A structured collection of sounds Phonetic Inventory

(ii) A repository of meaning Semantic Ontology

(iii) Rules about how these elements combine (ie the GRAMMAR)

sounds into complex sounds

sound and meanings into 〈sound meaning〉 pairs

morphemes into words

words into phrases and sentences

simple morpheme meanings into complex meanings

complex meanings with context

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 2 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Last Time A language consists of

(i) A structured collection of sounds Phonetic Inventory

(ii) A repository of meaning Semantic Ontology

(iii) Rules about how these elements combine (ie the GRAMMAR)

sounds into complex sounds

sound and meanings into 〈sound meaning〉 pairs

morphemes into words

words into phrases and sentences

simple morpheme meanings into complex meanings

complex meanings with context

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 2 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Last Time A language consists of

(i) A structured collection of sounds Phonetic Inventory

(ii) A repository of meaning Semantic Ontology

(iii) Rules about how these elements combine (ie the GRAMMAR)

sounds into complex sounds

sound and meanings into 〈sound meaning〉 pairs

morphemes into words

words into phrases and sentences

simple morpheme meanings into complex meanings

complex meanings with context

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 2 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Last Time A language consists of

(i) A structured collection of sounds Phonetic Inventory

(ii) A repository of meaning Semantic Ontology

(iii) Rules about how these elements combine (ie the GRAMMAR)

sounds into complex sounds

sound and meanings into 〈sound meaning〉 pairs

morphemes into words

words into phrases and sentences

simple morpheme meanings into complex meanings

complex meanings with context

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 2 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Last Time A language consists of

(i) A structured collection of sounds Phonetic Inventory

(ii) A repository of meaning Semantic Ontology

(iii) Rules about how these elements combine (ie the GRAMMAR)

sounds into complex sounds

sound and meanings into 〈sound meaning〉 pairs

morphemes into words

words into phrases and sentences

simple morpheme meanings into complex meanings

complex meanings with context

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 2 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Last Time A language consists of

(i) A structured collection of sounds Phonetic Inventory

(ii) A repository of meaning Semantic Ontology

(iii) Rules about how these elements combine (ie the GRAMMAR)

sounds into complex sounds

sound and meanings into 〈sound meaning〉 pairs

morphemes into words

words into phrases and sentences

simple morpheme meanings into complex meanings

complex meanings with context

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 2 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Last Time A language consists of

(i) A structured collection of sounds Phonetic Inventory

(ii) A repository of meaning Semantic Ontology

(iii) Rules about how these elements combine (ie the GRAMMAR)

sounds into complex sounds

sound and meanings into 〈sound meaning〉 pairs

morphemes into words

words into phrases and sentences

simple morpheme meanings into complex meanings

complex meanings with context

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 2 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains

Linguistics The study of Language

Phonetics

Phonology

Morphology

Syntax

Semantics

Pragmatics

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 3 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Linguistics The study of Language

Phonetics

Phonology

Morphology

Syntax

Semantics

Pragmatics

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 4 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 6 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg []) can correspond to a lot of different letters

(2) a maritime []

b connect []

c circus []

d physician []

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 9 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg []) can correspond to a lot of different letters

(2) a maritime []

b connect []

c circus []

d physician []

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 9 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With an alphabet for a language with more sounds

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg [kh]) can correspond to a lot of different letters

ข ฃค ฅฆ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 10 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With an alphabet for a language with more sounds

BUT Not all languages have the same sounds

CONSONANTS English Thai TR Salish Xhosa

Sonorant 7 7 16 16Pulmonic Obstruent 17 14 18 22Ejective Obstruent 0 0 8 7Implosive Obstruent 0 0 0 1Click Obstruent 0 0 0 18

TOTAL 24 21 42 64

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 11 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds Ladefoged (2001)

Option 1 With some languagersquos alphabet timesOption 2 With the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

- a transcription system that uses a 11 rsquosound-symbolrsquo correspondenceThe IPA categorizes consonants according to their articulatory properties

1 Place of Articulation (bilabial alveolar pharyngeal etc)

2 Manner of Articulation (stopplosive fricative glide etc)

3 Laryngeal Mechanism (voiced voiceless ejective etc)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 12 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 15 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 17 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 18 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Aspiration Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 20 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 22 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

The air passes through through your oral(-nasal) cavity

You can make constrictions at various points within youroral(-nasal) cavity

Different types of constrictionsresult in different types of speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 23 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 25 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

LABIAL CORONAL DORSALBilabial (p b m) Dental ( T D) Palatal (j)Labiodental (f v) Alveolar (t d n s) Velar (k g N)

Retroflex (uacute atilde ) Uvular (q ouml K)Palato-Alveolar (S Z) (Pharyngeal (Q))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 26 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

Articulatory positions of laminal denti-alveolar laminal palatal-alveolarand palatal stops in Ngwo (From Ladefoged amp Maddieson (1996))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 27 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 28 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

STOP complete closure of articulators

oral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k

nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 30 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 31 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Last Time A language consists of

(i) A structured collection of sounds Phonetic Inventory

(ii) A repository of meaning Semantic Ontology

(iii) Rules about how these elements combine (ie the GRAMMAR)

sounds into complex sounds

sound and meanings into 〈sound meaning〉 pairs

morphemes into words

words into phrases and sentences

simple morpheme meanings into complex meanings

complex meanings with context

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 2 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Last Time A language consists of

(i) A structured collection of sounds Phonetic Inventory

(ii) A repository of meaning Semantic Ontology

(iii) Rules about how these elements combine (ie the GRAMMAR)

sounds into complex sounds

sound and meanings into 〈sound meaning〉 pairs

morphemes into words

words into phrases and sentences

simple morpheme meanings into complex meanings

complex meanings with context

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 2 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Last Time A language consists of

(i) A structured collection of sounds Phonetic Inventory

(ii) A repository of meaning Semantic Ontology

(iii) Rules about how these elements combine (ie the GRAMMAR)

sounds into complex sounds

sound and meanings into 〈sound meaning〉 pairs

morphemes into words

words into phrases and sentences

simple morpheme meanings into complex meanings

complex meanings with context

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 2 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Last Time A language consists of

(i) A structured collection of sounds Phonetic Inventory

(ii) A repository of meaning Semantic Ontology

(iii) Rules about how these elements combine (ie the GRAMMAR)

sounds into complex sounds

sound and meanings into 〈sound meaning〉 pairs

morphemes into words

words into phrases and sentences

simple morpheme meanings into complex meanings

complex meanings with context

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 2 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Last Time A language consists of

(i) A structured collection of sounds Phonetic Inventory

(ii) A repository of meaning Semantic Ontology

(iii) Rules about how these elements combine (ie the GRAMMAR)

sounds into complex sounds

sound and meanings into 〈sound meaning〉 pairs

morphemes into words

words into phrases and sentences

simple morpheme meanings into complex meanings

complex meanings with context

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 2 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Last Time A language consists of

(i) A structured collection of sounds Phonetic Inventory

(ii) A repository of meaning Semantic Ontology

(iii) Rules about how these elements combine (ie the GRAMMAR)

sounds into complex sounds

sound and meanings into 〈sound meaning〉 pairs

morphemes into words

words into phrases and sentences

simple morpheme meanings into complex meanings

complex meanings with context

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 2 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains

Linguistics The study of Language

Phonetics

Phonology

Morphology

Syntax

Semantics

Pragmatics

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 3 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Linguistics The study of Language

Phonetics

Phonology

Morphology

Syntax

Semantics

Pragmatics

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 4 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 6 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg []) can correspond to a lot of different letters

(2) a maritime []

b connect []

c circus []

d physician []

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 9 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg []) can correspond to a lot of different letters

(2) a maritime []

b connect []

c circus []

d physician []

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 9 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With an alphabet for a language with more sounds

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg [kh]) can correspond to a lot of different letters

ข ฃค ฅฆ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 10 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With an alphabet for a language with more sounds

BUT Not all languages have the same sounds

CONSONANTS English Thai TR Salish Xhosa

Sonorant 7 7 16 16Pulmonic Obstruent 17 14 18 22Ejective Obstruent 0 0 8 7Implosive Obstruent 0 0 0 1Click Obstruent 0 0 0 18

TOTAL 24 21 42 64

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 11 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds Ladefoged (2001)

Option 1 With some languagersquos alphabet timesOption 2 With the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

- a transcription system that uses a 11 rsquosound-symbolrsquo correspondenceThe IPA categorizes consonants according to their articulatory properties

1 Place of Articulation (bilabial alveolar pharyngeal etc)

2 Manner of Articulation (stopplosive fricative glide etc)

3 Laryngeal Mechanism (voiced voiceless ejective etc)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 12 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 15 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 17 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 18 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Aspiration Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 20 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 22 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

The air passes through through your oral(-nasal) cavity

You can make constrictions at various points within youroral(-nasal) cavity

Different types of constrictionsresult in different types of speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 23 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 25 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

LABIAL CORONAL DORSALBilabial (p b m) Dental ( T D) Palatal (j)Labiodental (f v) Alveolar (t d n s) Velar (k g N)

Retroflex (uacute atilde ) Uvular (q ouml K)Palato-Alveolar (S Z) (Pharyngeal (Q))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 26 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

Articulatory positions of laminal denti-alveolar laminal palatal-alveolarand palatal stops in Ngwo (From Ladefoged amp Maddieson (1996))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 27 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 28 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

STOP complete closure of articulators

oral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k

nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 30 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 31 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Last Time A language consists of

(i) A structured collection of sounds Phonetic Inventory

(ii) A repository of meaning Semantic Ontology

(iii) Rules about how these elements combine (ie the GRAMMAR)

sounds into complex sounds

sound and meanings into 〈sound meaning〉 pairs

morphemes into words

words into phrases and sentences

simple morpheme meanings into complex meanings

complex meanings with context

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 2 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Last Time A language consists of

(i) A structured collection of sounds Phonetic Inventory

(ii) A repository of meaning Semantic Ontology

(iii) Rules about how these elements combine (ie the GRAMMAR)

sounds into complex sounds

sound and meanings into 〈sound meaning〉 pairs

morphemes into words

words into phrases and sentences

simple morpheme meanings into complex meanings

complex meanings with context

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 2 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Last Time A language consists of

(i) A structured collection of sounds Phonetic Inventory

(ii) A repository of meaning Semantic Ontology

(iii) Rules about how these elements combine (ie the GRAMMAR)

sounds into complex sounds

sound and meanings into 〈sound meaning〉 pairs

morphemes into words

words into phrases and sentences

simple morpheme meanings into complex meanings

complex meanings with context

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 2 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Last Time A language consists of

(i) A structured collection of sounds Phonetic Inventory

(ii) A repository of meaning Semantic Ontology

(iii) Rules about how these elements combine (ie the GRAMMAR)

sounds into complex sounds

sound and meanings into 〈sound meaning〉 pairs

morphemes into words

words into phrases and sentences

simple morpheme meanings into complex meanings

complex meanings with context

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 2 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Last Time A language consists of

(i) A structured collection of sounds Phonetic Inventory

(ii) A repository of meaning Semantic Ontology

(iii) Rules about how these elements combine (ie the GRAMMAR)

sounds into complex sounds

sound and meanings into 〈sound meaning〉 pairs

morphemes into words

words into phrases and sentences

simple morpheme meanings into complex meanings

complex meanings with context

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 2 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains

Linguistics The study of Language

Phonetics

Phonology

Morphology

Syntax

Semantics

Pragmatics

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 3 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Linguistics The study of Language

Phonetics

Phonology

Morphology

Syntax

Semantics

Pragmatics

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 4 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 6 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg []) can correspond to a lot of different letters

(2) a maritime []

b connect []

c circus []

d physician []

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 9 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg []) can correspond to a lot of different letters

(2) a maritime []

b connect []

c circus []

d physician []

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 9 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With an alphabet for a language with more sounds

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg [kh]) can correspond to a lot of different letters

ข ฃค ฅฆ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 10 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With an alphabet for a language with more sounds

BUT Not all languages have the same sounds

CONSONANTS English Thai TR Salish Xhosa

Sonorant 7 7 16 16Pulmonic Obstruent 17 14 18 22Ejective Obstruent 0 0 8 7Implosive Obstruent 0 0 0 1Click Obstruent 0 0 0 18

TOTAL 24 21 42 64

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 11 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds Ladefoged (2001)

Option 1 With some languagersquos alphabet timesOption 2 With the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

- a transcription system that uses a 11 rsquosound-symbolrsquo correspondenceThe IPA categorizes consonants according to their articulatory properties

1 Place of Articulation (bilabial alveolar pharyngeal etc)

2 Manner of Articulation (stopplosive fricative glide etc)

3 Laryngeal Mechanism (voiced voiceless ejective etc)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 12 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 15 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 17 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 18 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Aspiration Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 20 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 22 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

The air passes through through your oral(-nasal) cavity

You can make constrictions at various points within youroral(-nasal) cavity

Different types of constrictionsresult in different types of speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 23 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 25 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

LABIAL CORONAL DORSALBilabial (p b m) Dental ( T D) Palatal (j)Labiodental (f v) Alveolar (t d n s) Velar (k g N)

Retroflex (uacute atilde ) Uvular (q ouml K)Palato-Alveolar (S Z) (Pharyngeal (Q))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 26 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

Articulatory positions of laminal denti-alveolar laminal palatal-alveolarand palatal stops in Ngwo (From Ladefoged amp Maddieson (1996))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 27 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 28 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

STOP complete closure of articulators

oral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k

nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 30 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 31 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Last Time A language consists of

(i) A structured collection of sounds Phonetic Inventory

(ii) A repository of meaning Semantic Ontology

(iii) Rules about how these elements combine (ie the GRAMMAR)

sounds into complex sounds

sound and meanings into 〈sound meaning〉 pairs

morphemes into words

words into phrases and sentences

simple morpheme meanings into complex meanings

complex meanings with context

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 2 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Last Time A language consists of

(i) A structured collection of sounds Phonetic Inventory

(ii) A repository of meaning Semantic Ontology

(iii) Rules about how these elements combine (ie the GRAMMAR)

sounds into complex sounds

sound and meanings into 〈sound meaning〉 pairs

morphemes into words

words into phrases and sentences

simple morpheme meanings into complex meanings

complex meanings with context

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 2 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Last Time A language consists of

(i) A structured collection of sounds Phonetic Inventory

(ii) A repository of meaning Semantic Ontology

(iii) Rules about how these elements combine (ie the GRAMMAR)

sounds into complex sounds

sound and meanings into 〈sound meaning〉 pairs

morphemes into words

words into phrases and sentences

simple morpheme meanings into complex meanings

complex meanings with context

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 2 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Last Time A language consists of

(i) A structured collection of sounds Phonetic Inventory

(ii) A repository of meaning Semantic Ontology

(iii) Rules about how these elements combine (ie the GRAMMAR)

sounds into complex sounds

sound and meanings into 〈sound meaning〉 pairs

morphemes into words

words into phrases and sentences

simple morpheme meanings into complex meanings

complex meanings with context

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 2 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains

Linguistics The study of Language

Phonetics

Phonology

Morphology

Syntax

Semantics

Pragmatics

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 3 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Linguistics The study of Language

Phonetics

Phonology

Morphology

Syntax

Semantics

Pragmatics

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 4 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 6 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg []) can correspond to a lot of different letters

(2) a maritime []

b connect []

c circus []

d physician []

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 9 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg []) can correspond to a lot of different letters

(2) a maritime []

b connect []

c circus []

d physician []

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 9 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With an alphabet for a language with more sounds

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg [kh]) can correspond to a lot of different letters

ข ฃค ฅฆ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 10 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With an alphabet for a language with more sounds

BUT Not all languages have the same sounds

CONSONANTS English Thai TR Salish Xhosa

Sonorant 7 7 16 16Pulmonic Obstruent 17 14 18 22Ejective Obstruent 0 0 8 7Implosive Obstruent 0 0 0 1Click Obstruent 0 0 0 18

TOTAL 24 21 42 64

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 11 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds Ladefoged (2001)

Option 1 With some languagersquos alphabet timesOption 2 With the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

- a transcription system that uses a 11 rsquosound-symbolrsquo correspondenceThe IPA categorizes consonants according to their articulatory properties

1 Place of Articulation (bilabial alveolar pharyngeal etc)

2 Manner of Articulation (stopplosive fricative glide etc)

3 Laryngeal Mechanism (voiced voiceless ejective etc)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 12 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 15 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 17 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 18 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Aspiration Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 20 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 22 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

The air passes through through your oral(-nasal) cavity

You can make constrictions at various points within youroral(-nasal) cavity

Different types of constrictionsresult in different types of speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 23 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 25 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

LABIAL CORONAL DORSALBilabial (p b m) Dental ( T D) Palatal (j)Labiodental (f v) Alveolar (t d n s) Velar (k g N)

Retroflex (uacute atilde ) Uvular (q ouml K)Palato-Alveolar (S Z) (Pharyngeal (Q))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 26 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

Articulatory positions of laminal denti-alveolar laminal palatal-alveolarand palatal stops in Ngwo (From Ladefoged amp Maddieson (1996))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 27 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 28 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

STOP complete closure of articulators

oral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k

nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 30 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 31 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Last Time A language consists of

(i) A structured collection of sounds Phonetic Inventory

(ii) A repository of meaning Semantic Ontology

(iii) Rules about how these elements combine (ie the GRAMMAR)

sounds into complex sounds

sound and meanings into 〈sound meaning〉 pairs

morphemes into words

words into phrases and sentences

simple morpheme meanings into complex meanings

complex meanings with context

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 2 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Last Time A language consists of

(i) A structured collection of sounds Phonetic Inventory

(ii) A repository of meaning Semantic Ontology

(iii) Rules about how these elements combine (ie the GRAMMAR)

sounds into complex sounds

sound and meanings into 〈sound meaning〉 pairs

morphemes into words

words into phrases and sentences

simple morpheme meanings into complex meanings

complex meanings with context

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 2 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Last Time A language consists of

(i) A structured collection of sounds Phonetic Inventory

(ii) A repository of meaning Semantic Ontology

(iii) Rules about how these elements combine (ie the GRAMMAR)

sounds into complex sounds

sound and meanings into 〈sound meaning〉 pairs

morphemes into words

words into phrases and sentences

simple morpheme meanings into complex meanings

complex meanings with context

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 2 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains

Linguistics The study of Language

Phonetics

Phonology

Morphology

Syntax

Semantics

Pragmatics

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 3 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Linguistics The study of Language

Phonetics

Phonology

Morphology

Syntax

Semantics

Pragmatics

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 4 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 6 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg []) can correspond to a lot of different letters

(2) a maritime []

b connect []

c circus []

d physician []

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 9 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg []) can correspond to a lot of different letters

(2) a maritime []

b connect []

c circus []

d physician []

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 9 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With an alphabet for a language with more sounds

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg [kh]) can correspond to a lot of different letters

ข ฃค ฅฆ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 10 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With an alphabet for a language with more sounds

BUT Not all languages have the same sounds

CONSONANTS English Thai TR Salish Xhosa

Sonorant 7 7 16 16Pulmonic Obstruent 17 14 18 22Ejective Obstruent 0 0 8 7Implosive Obstruent 0 0 0 1Click Obstruent 0 0 0 18

TOTAL 24 21 42 64

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 11 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds Ladefoged (2001)

Option 1 With some languagersquos alphabet timesOption 2 With the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

- a transcription system that uses a 11 rsquosound-symbolrsquo correspondenceThe IPA categorizes consonants according to their articulatory properties

1 Place of Articulation (bilabial alveolar pharyngeal etc)

2 Manner of Articulation (stopplosive fricative glide etc)

3 Laryngeal Mechanism (voiced voiceless ejective etc)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 12 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 15 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 17 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 18 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Aspiration Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 20 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 22 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

The air passes through through your oral(-nasal) cavity

You can make constrictions at various points within youroral(-nasal) cavity

Different types of constrictionsresult in different types of speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 23 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 25 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

LABIAL CORONAL DORSALBilabial (p b m) Dental ( T D) Palatal (j)Labiodental (f v) Alveolar (t d n s) Velar (k g N)

Retroflex (uacute atilde ) Uvular (q ouml K)Palato-Alveolar (S Z) (Pharyngeal (Q))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 26 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

Articulatory positions of laminal denti-alveolar laminal palatal-alveolarand palatal stops in Ngwo (From Ladefoged amp Maddieson (1996))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 27 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 28 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

STOP complete closure of articulators

oral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k

nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 30 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 31 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Last Time A language consists of

(i) A structured collection of sounds Phonetic Inventory

(ii) A repository of meaning Semantic Ontology

(iii) Rules about how these elements combine (ie the GRAMMAR)

sounds into complex sounds

sound and meanings into 〈sound meaning〉 pairs

morphemes into words

words into phrases and sentences

simple morpheme meanings into complex meanings

complex meanings with context

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 2 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Last Time A language consists of

(i) A structured collection of sounds Phonetic Inventory

(ii) A repository of meaning Semantic Ontology

(iii) Rules about how these elements combine (ie the GRAMMAR)

sounds into complex sounds

sound and meanings into 〈sound meaning〉 pairs

morphemes into words

words into phrases and sentences

simple morpheme meanings into complex meanings

complex meanings with context

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 2 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains

Linguistics The study of Language

Phonetics

Phonology

Morphology

Syntax

Semantics

Pragmatics

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 3 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Linguistics The study of Language

Phonetics

Phonology

Morphology

Syntax

Semantics

Pragmatics

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 4 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 6 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg []) can correspond to a lot of different letters

(2) a maritime []

b connect []

c circus []

d physician []

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 9 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg []) can correspond to a lot of different letters

(2) a maritime []

b connect []

c circus []

d physician []

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 9 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With an alphabet for a language with more sounds

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg [kh]) can correspond to a lot of different letters

ข ฃค ฅฆ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 10 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With an alphabet for a language with more sounds

BUT Not all languages have the same sounds

CONSONANTS English Thai TR Salish Xhosa

Sonorant 7 7 16 16Pulmonic Obstruent 17 14 18 22Ejective Obstruent 0 0 8 7Implosive Obstruent 0 0 0 1Click Obstruent 0 0 0 18

TOTAL 24 21 42 64

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 11 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds Ladefoged (2001)

Option 1 With some languagersquos alphabet timesOption 2 With the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

- a transcription system that uses a 11 rsquosound-symbolrsquo correspondenceThe IPA categorizes consonants according to their articulatory properties

1 Place of Articulation (bilabial alveolar pharyngeal etc)

2 Manner of Articulation (stopplosive fricative glide etc)

3 Laryngeal Mechanism (voiced voiceless ejective etc)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 12 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 15 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 17 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 18 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Aspiration Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 20 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 22 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

The air passes through through your oral(-nasal) cavity

You can make constrictions at various points within youroral(-nasal) cavity

Different types of constrictionsresult in different types of speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 23 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 25 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

LABIAL CORONAL DORSALBilabial (p b m) Dental ( T D) Palatal (j)Labiodental (f v) Alveolar (t d n s) Velar (k g N)

Retroflex (uacute atilde ) Uvular (q ouml K)Palato-Alveolar (S Z) (Pharyngeal (Q))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 26 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

Articulatory positions of laminal denti-alveolar laminal palatal-alveolarand palatal stops in Ngwo (From Ladefoged amp Maddieson (1996))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 27 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 28 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

STOP complete closure of articulators

oral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k

nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 30 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 31 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Last Time A language consists of

(i) A structured collection of sounds Phonetic Inventory

(ii) A repository of meaning Semantic Ontology

(iii) Rules about how these elements combine (ie the GRAMMAR)

sounds into complex sounds

sound and meanings into 〈sound meaning〉 pairs

morphemes into words

words into phrases and sentences

simple morpheme meanings into complex meanings

complex meanings with context

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 2 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains

Linguistics The study of Language

Phonetics

Phonology

Morphology

Syntax

Semantics

Pragmatics

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 3 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Linguistics The study of Language

Phonetics

Phonology

Morphology

Syntax

Semantics

Pragmatics

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 4 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 6 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg []) can correspond to a lot of different letters

(2) a maritime []

b connect []

c circus []

d physician []

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 9 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg []) can correspond to a lot of different letters

(2) a maritime []

b connect []

c circus []

d physician []

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 9 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With an alphabet for a language with more sounds

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg [kh]) can correspond to a lot of different letters

ข ฃค ฅฆ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 10 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With an alphabet for a language with more sounds

BUT Not all languages have the same sounds

CONSONANTS English Thai TR Salish Xhosa

Sonorant 7 7 16 16Pulmonic Obstruent 17 14 18 22Ejective Obstruent 0 0 8 7Implosive Obstruent 0 0 0 1Click Obstruent 0 0 0 18

TOTAL 24 21 42 64

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 11 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds Ladefoged (2001)

Option 1 With some languagersquos alphabet timesOption 2 With the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

- a transcription system that uses a 11 rsquosound-symbolrsquo correspondenceThe IPA categorizes consonants according to their articulatory properties

1 Place of Articulation (bilabial alveolar pharyngeal etc)

2 Manner of Articulation (stopplosive fricative glide etc)

3 Laryngeal Mechanism (voiced voiceless ejective etc)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 12 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 15 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 17 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 18 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Aspiration Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 20 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 22 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

The air passes through through your oral(-nasal) cavity

You can make constrictions at various points within youroral(-nasal) cavity

Different types of constrictionsresult in different types of speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 23 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 25 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

LABIAL CORONAL DORSALBilabial (p b m) Dental ( T D) Palatal (j)Labiodental (f v) Alveolar (t d n s) Velar (k g N)

Retroflex (uacute atilde ) Uvular (q ouml K)Palato-Alveolar (S Z) (Pharyngeal (Q))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 26 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

Articulatory positions of laminal denti-alveolar laminal palatal-alveolarand palatal stops in Ngwo (From Ladefoged amp Maddieson (1996))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 27 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 28 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

STOP complete closure of articulators

oral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k

nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 30 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 31 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains

Linguistics The study of Language

Phonetics

Phonology

Morphology

Syntax

Semantics

Pragmatics

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 3 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Linguistics The study of Language

Phonetics

Phonology

Morphology

Syntax

Semantics

Pragmatics

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 4 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 6 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg []) can correspond to a lot of different letters

(2) a maritime []

b connect []

c circus []

d physician []

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 9 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg []) can correspond to a lot of different letters

(2) a maritime []

b connect []

c circus []

d physician []

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 9 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With an alphabet for a language with more sounds

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg [kh]) can correspond to a lot of different letters

ข ฃค ฅฆ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 10 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With an alphabet for a language with more sounds

BUT Not all languages have the same sounds

CONSONANTS English Thai TR Salish Xhosa

Sonorant 7 7 16 16Pulmonic Obstruent 17 14 18 22Ejective Obstruent 0 0 8 7Implosive Obstruent 0 0 0 1Click Obstruent 0 0 0 18

TOTAL 24 21 42 64

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 11 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds Ladefoged (2001)

Option 1 With some languagersquos alphabet timesOption 2 With the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

- a transcription system that uses a 11 rsquosound-symbolrsquo correspondenceThe IPA categorizes consonants according to their articulatory properties

1 Place of Articulation (bilabial alveolar pharyngeal etc)

2 Manner of Articulation (stopplosive fricative glide etc)

3 Laryngeal Mechanism (voiced voiceless ejective etc)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 12 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 15 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 17 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 18 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Aspiration Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 20 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 22 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

The air passes through through your oral(-nasal) cavity

You can make constrictions at various points within youroral(-nasal) cavity

Different types of constrictionsresult in different types of speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 23 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 25 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

LABIAL CORONAL DORSALBilabial (p b m) Dental ( T D) Palatal (j)Labiodental (f v) Alveolar (t d n s) Velar (k g N)

Retroflex (uacute atilde ) Uvular (q ouml K)Palato-Alveolar (S Z) (Pharyngeal (Q))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 26 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

Articulatory positions of laminal denti-alveolar laminal palatal-alveolarand palatal stops in Ngwo (From Ladefoged amp Maddieson (1996))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 27 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 28 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

STOP complete closure of articulators

oral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k

nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 30 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 31 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Linguistics The study of Language

Phonetics

Phonology

Morphology

Syntax

Semantics

Pragmatics

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 4 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 6 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg []) can correspond to a lot of different letters

(2) a maritime []

b connect []

c circus []

d physician []

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 9 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg []) can correspond to a lot of different letters

(2) a maritime []

b connect []

c circus []

d physician []

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 9 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With an alphabet for a language with more sounds

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg [kh]) can correspond to a lot of different letters

ข ฃค ฅฆ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 10 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With an alphabet for a language with more sounds

BUT Not all languages have the same sounds

CONSONANTS English Thai TR Salish Xhosa

Sonorant 7 7 16 16Pulmonic Obstruent 17 14 18 22Ejective Obstruent 0 0 8 7Implosive Obstruent 0 0 0 1Click Obstruent 0 0 0 18

TOTAL 24 21 42 64

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 11 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds Ladefoged (2001)

Option 1 With some languagersquos alphabet timesOption 2 With the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

- a transcription system that uses a 11 rsquosound-symbolrsquo correspondenceThe IPA categorizes consonants according to their articulatory properties

1 Place of Articulation (bilabial alveolar pharyngeal etc)

2 Manner of Articulation (stopplosive fricative glide etc)

3 Laryngeal Mechanism (voiced voiceless ejective etc)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 12 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 15 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 17 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 18 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Aspiration Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 20 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 22 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

The air passes through through your oral(-nasal) cavity

You can make constrictions at various points within youroral(-nasal) cavity

Different types of constrictionsresult in different types of speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 23 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 25 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

LABIAL CORONAL DORSALBilabial (p b m) Dental ( T D) Palatal (j)Labiodental (f v) Alveolar (t d n s) Velar (k g N)

Retroflex (uacute atilde ) Uvular (q ouml K)Palato-Alveolar (S Z) (Pharyngeal (Q))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 26 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

Articulatory positions of laminal denti-alveolar laminal palatal-alveolarand palatal stops in Ngwo (From Ladefoged amp Maddieson (1996))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 27 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 28 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

STOP complete closure of articulators

oral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k

nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 30 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 31 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 6 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg []) can correspond to a lot of different letters

(2) a maritime []

b connect []

c circus []

d physician []

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 9 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg []) can correspond to a lot of different letters

(2) a maritime []

b connect []

c circus []

d physician []

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 9 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With an alphabet for a language with more sounds

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg [kh]) can correspond to a lot of different letters

ข ฃค ฅฆ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 10 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With an alphabet for a language with more sounds

BUT Not all languages have the same sounds

CONSONANTS English Thai TR Salish Xhosa

Sonorant 7 7 16 16Pulmonic Obstruent 17 14 18 22Ejective Obstruent 0 0 8 7Implosive Obstruent 0 0 0 1Click Obstruent 0 0 0 18

TOTAL 24 21 42 64

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 11 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds Ladefoged (2001)

Option 1 With some languagersquos alphabet timesOption 2 With the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

- a transcription system that uses a 11 rsquosound-symbolrsquo correspondenceThe IPA categorizes consonants according to their articulatory properties

1 Place of Articulation (bilabial alveolar pharyngeal etc)

2 Manner of Articulation (stopplosive fricative glide etc)

3 Laryngeal Mechanism (voiced voiceless ejective etc)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 12 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 15 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 17 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 18 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Aspiration Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 20 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 22 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

The air passes through through your oral(-nasal) cavity

You can make constrictions at various points within youroral(-nasal) cavity

Different types of constrictionsresult in different types of speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 23 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 25 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

LABIAL CORONAL DORSALBilabial (p b m) Dental ( T D) Palatal (j)Labiodental (f v) Alveolar (t d n s) Velar (k g N)

Retroflex (uacute atilde ) Uvular (q ouml K)Palato-Alveolar (S Z) (Pharyngeal (Q))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 26 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

Articulatory positions of laminal denti-alveolar laminal palatal-alveolarand palatal stops in Ngwo (From Ladefoged amp Maddieson (1996))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 27 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 28 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

STOP complete closure of articulators

oral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k

nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 30 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 31 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 6 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg []) can correspond to a lot of different letters

(2) a maritime []

b connect []

c circus []

d physician []

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 9 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg []) can correspond to a lot of different letters

(2) a maritime []

b connect []

c circus []

d physician []

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 9 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With an alphabet for a language with more sounds

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg [kh]) can correspond to a lot of different letters

ข ฃค ฅฆ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 10 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With an alphabet for a language with more sounds

BUT Not all languages have the same sounds

CONSONANTS English Thai TR Salish Xhosa

Sonorant 7 7 16 16Pulmonic Obstruent 17 14 18 22Ejective Obstruent 0 0 8 7Implosive Obstruent 0 0 0 1Click Obstruent 0 0 0 18

TOTAL 24 21 42 64

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 11 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds Ladefoged (2001)

Option 1 With some languagersquos alphabet timesOption 2 With the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

- a transcription system that uses a 11 rsquosound-symbolrsquo correspondenceThe IPA categorizes consonants according to their articulatory properties

1 Place of Articulation (bilabial alveolar pharyngeal etc)

2 Manner of Articulation (stopplosive fricative glide etc)

3 Laryngeal Mechanism (voiced voiceless ejective etc)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 12 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 15 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 17 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 18 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Aspiration Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 20 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 22 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

The air passes through through your oral(-nasal) cavity

You can make constrictions at various points within youroral(-nasal) cavity

Different types of constrictionsresult in different types of speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 23 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 25 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

LABIAL CORONAL DORSALBilabial (p b m) Dental ( T D) Palatal (j)Labiodental (f v) Alveolar (t d n s) Velar (k g N)

Retroflex (uacute atilde ) Uvular (q ouml K)Palato-Alveolar (S Z) (Pharyngeal (Q))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 26 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

Articulatory positions of laminal denti-alveolar laminal palatal-alveolarand palatal stops in Ngwo (From Ladefoged amp Maddieson (1996))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 27 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 28 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

STOP complete closure of articulators

oral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k

nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 30 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 31 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 6 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg []) can correspond to a lot of different letters

(2) a maritime []

b connect []

c circus []

d physician []

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 9 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg []) can correspond to a lot of different letters

(2) a maritime []

b connect []

c circus []

d physician []

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 9 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With an alphabet for a language with more sounds

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg [kh]) can correspond to a lot of different letters

ข ฃค ฅฆ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 10 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With an alphabet for a language with more sounds

BUT Not all languages have the same sounds

CONSONANTS English Thai TR Salish Xhosa

Sonorant 7 7 16 16Pulmonic Obstruent 17 14 18 22Ejective Obstruent 0 0 8 7Implosive Obstruent 0 0 0 1Click Obstruent 0 0 0 18

TOTAL 24 21 42 64

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 11 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds Ladefoged (2001)

Option 1 With some languagersquos alphabet timesOption 2 With the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

- a transcription system that uses a 11 rsquosound-symbolrsquo correspondenceThe IPA categorizes consonants according to their articulatory properties

1 Place of Articulation (bilabial alveolar pharyngeal etc)

2 Manner of Articulation (stopplosive fricative glide etc)

3 Laryngeal Mechanism (voiced voiceless ejective etc)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 12 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 15 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 17 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 18 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Aspiration Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 20 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 22 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

The air passes through through your oral(-nasal) cavity

You can make constrictions at various points within youroral(-nasal) cavity

Different types of constrictionsresult in different types of speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 23 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 25 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

LABIAL CORONAL DORSALBilabial (p b m) Dental ( T D) Palatal (j)Labiodental (f v) Alveolar (t d n s) Velar (k g N)

Retroflex (uacute atilde ) Uvular (q ouml K)Palato-Alveolar (S Z) (Pharyngeal (Q))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 26 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

Articulatory positions of laminal denti-alveolar laminal palatal-alveolarand palatal stops in Ngwo (From Ladefoged amp Maddieson (1996))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 27 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 28 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

STOP complete closure of articulators

oral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k

nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 30 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 31 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 6 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg []) can correspond to a lot of different letters

(2) a maritime []

b connect []

c circus []

d physician []

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 9 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg []) can correspond to a lot of different letters

(2) a maritime []

b connect []

c circus []

d physician []

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 9 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With an alphabet for a language with more sounds

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg [kh]) can correspond to a lot of different letters

ข ฃค ฅฆ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 10 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With an alphabet for a language with more sounds

BUT Not all languages have the same sounds

CONSONANTS English Thai TR Salish Xhosa

Sonorant 7 7 16 16Pulmonic Obstruent 17 14 18 22Ejective Obstruent 0 0 8 7Implosive Obstruent 0 0 0 1Click Obstruent 0 0 0 18

TOTAL 24 21 42 64

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 11 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds Ladefoged (2001)

Option 1 With some languagersquos alphabet timesOption 2 With the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

- a transcription system that uses a 11 rsquosound-symbolrsquo correspondenceThe IPA categorizes consonants according to their articulatory properties

1 Place of Articulation (bilabial alveolar pharyngeal etc)

2 Manner of Articulation (stopplosive fricative glide etc)

3 Laryngeal Mechanism (voiced voiceless ejective etc)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 12 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 15 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 17 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 18 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Aspiration Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 20 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 22 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

The air passes through through your oral(-nasal) cavity

You can make constrictions at various points within youroral(-nasal) cavity

Different types of constrictionsresult in different types of speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 23 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 25 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

LABIAL CORONAL DORSALBilabial (p b m) Dental ( T D) Palatal (j)Labiodental (f v) Alveolar (t d n s) Velar (k g N)

Retroflex (uacute atilde ) Uvular (q ouml K)Palato-Alveolar (S Z) (Pharyngeal (Q))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 26 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

Articulatory positions of laminal denti-alveolar laminal palatal-alveolarand palatal stops in Ngwo (From Ladefoged amp Maddieson (1996))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 27 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 28 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

STOP complete closure of articulators

oral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k

nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 30 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 31 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 5 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 6 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg []) can correspond to a lot of different letters

(2) a maritime []

b connect []

c circus []

d physician []

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 9 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg []) can correspond to a lot of different letters

(2) a maritime []

b connect []

c circus []

d physician []

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 9 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With an alphabet for a language with more sounds

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg [kh]) can correspond to a lot of different letters

ข ฃค ฅฆ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 10 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With an alphabet for a language with more sounds

BUT Not all languages have the same sounds

CONSONANTS English Thai TR Salish Xhosa

Sonorant 7 7 16 16Pulmonic Obstruent 17 14 18 22Ejective Obstruent 0 0 8 7Implosive Obstruent 0 0 0 1Click Obstruent 0 0 0 18

TOTAL 24 21 42 64

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 11 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds Ladefoged (2001)

Option 1 With some languagersquos alphabet timesOption 2 With the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

- a transcription system that uses a 11 rsquosound-symbolrsquo correspondenceThe IPA categorizes consonants according to their articulatory properties

1 Place of Articulation (bilabial alveolar pharyngeal etc)

2 Manner of Articulation (stopplosive fricative glide etc)

3 Laryngeal Mechanism (voiced voiceless ejective etc)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 12 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 15 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 17 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 18 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Aspiration Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 20 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 22 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

The air passes through through your oral(-nasal) cavity

You can make constrictions at various points within youroral(-nasal) cavity

Different types of constrictionsresult in different types of speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 23 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 25 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

LABIAL CORONAL DORSALBilabial (p b m) Dental ( T D) Palatal (j)Labiodental (f v) Alveolar (t d n s) Velar (k g N)

Retroflex (uacute atilde ) Uvular (q ouml K)Palato-Alveolar (S Z) (Pharyngeal (Q))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 26 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

Articulatory positions of laminal denti-alveolar laminal palatal-alveolarand palatal stops in Ngwo (From Ladefoged amp Maddieson (1996))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 27 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 28 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

STOP complete closure of articulators

oral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k

nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 30 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 31 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 6 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg []) can correspond to a lot of different letters

(2) a maritime []

b connect []

c circus []

d physician []

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 9 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg []) can correspond to a lot of different letters

(2) a maritime []

b connect []

c circus []

d physician []

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 9 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With an alphabet for a language with more sounds

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg [kh]) can correspond to a lot of different letters

ข ฃค ฅฆ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 10 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With an alphabet for a language with more sounds

BUT Not all languages have the same sounds

CONSONANTS English Thai TR Salish Xhosa

Sonorant 7 7 16 16Pulmonic Obstruent 17 14 18 22Ejective Obstruent 0 0 8 7Implosive Obstruent 0 0 0 1Click Obstruent 0 0 0 18

TOTAL 24 21 42 64

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 11 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds Ladefoged (2001)

Option 1 With some languagersquos alphabet timesOption 2 With the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

- a transcription system that uses a 11 rsquosound-symbolrsquo correspondenceThe IPA categorizes consonants according to their articulatory properties

1 Place of Articulation (bilabial alveolar pharyngeal etc)

2 Manner of Articulation (stopplosive fricative glide etc)

3 Laryngeal Mechanism (voiced voiceless ejective etc)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 12 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 15 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 17 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 18 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Aspiration Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 20 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 22 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

The air passes through through your oral(-nasal) cavity

You can make constrictions at various points within youroral(-nasal) cavity

Different types of constrictionsresult in different types of speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 23 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 25 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

LABIAL CORONAL DORSALBilabial (p b m) Dental ( T D) Palatal (j)Labiodental (f v) Alveolar (t d n s) Velar (k g N)

Retroflex (uacute atilde ) Uvular (q ouml K)Palato-Alveolar (S Z) (Pharyngeal (Q))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 26 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

Articulatory positions of laminal denti-alveolar laminal palatal-alveolarand palatal stops in Ngwo (From Ladefoged amp Maddieson (1996))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 27 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 28 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

STOP complete closure of articulators

oral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k

nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 30 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 31 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg []) can correspond to a lot of different letters

(2) a maritime []

b connect []

c circus []

d physician []

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 9 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg []) can correspond to a lot of different letters

(2) a maritime []

b connect []

c circus []

d physician []

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 9 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With an alphabet for a language with more sounds

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg [kh]) can correspond to a lot of different letters

ข ฃค ฅฆ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 10 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With an alphabet for a language with more sounds

BUT Not all languages have the same sounds

CONSONANTS English Thai TR Salish Xhosa

Sonorant 7 7 16 16Pulmonic Obstruent 17 14 18 22Ejective Obstruent 0 0 8 7Implosive Obstruent 0 0 0 1Click Obstruent 0 0 0 18

TOTAL 24 21 42 64

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 11 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds Ladefoged (2001)

Option 1 With some languagersquos alphabet timesOption 2 With the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

- a transcription system that uses a 11 rsquosound-symbolrsquo correspondenceThe IPA categorizes consonants according to their articulatory properties

1 Place of Articulation (bilabial alveolar pharyngeal etc)

2 Manner of Articulation (stopplosive fricative glide etc)

3 Laryngeal Mechanism (voiced voiceless ejective etc)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 12 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 15 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 17 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 18 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Aspiration Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 20 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 22 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

The air passes through through your oral(-nasal) cavity

You can make constrictions at various points within youroral(-nasal) cavity

Different types of constrictionsresult in different types of speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 23 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 25 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

LABIAL CORONAL DORSALBilabial (p b m) Dental ( T D) Palatal (j)Labiodental (f v) Alveolar (t d n s) Velar (k g N)

Retroflex (uacute atilde ) Uvular (q ouml K)Palato-Alveolar (S Z) (Pharyngeal (Q))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 26 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

Articulatory positions of laminal denti-alveolar laminal palatal-alveolarand palatal stops in Ngwo (From Ladefoged amp Maddieson (1996))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 27 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 28 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

STOP complete closure of articulators

oral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k

nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 30 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 31 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg []) can correspond to a lot of different letters

(2) a maritime []

b connect []

c circus []

d physician []

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 9 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg []) can correspond to a lot of different letters

(2) a maritime []

b connect []

c circus []

d physician []

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 9 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With an alphabet for a language with more sounds

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg [kh]) can correspond to a lot of different letters

ข ฃค ฅฆ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 10 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With an alphabet for a language with more sounds

BUT Not all languages have the same sounds

CONSONANTS English Thai TR Salish Xhosa

Sonorant 7 7 16 16Pulmonic Obstruent 17 14 18 22Ejective Obstruent 0 0 8 7Implosive Obstruent 0 0 0 1Click Obstruent 0 0 0 18

TOTAL 24 21 42 64

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 11 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds Ladefoged (2001)

Option 1 With some languagersquos alphabet timesOption 2 With the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

- a transcription system that uses a 11 rsquosound-symbolrsquo correspondenceThe IPA categorizes consonants according to their articulatory properties

1 Place of Articulation (bilabial alveolar pharyngeal etc)

2 Manner of Articulation (stopplosive fricative glide etc)

3 Laryngeal Mechanism (voiced voiceless ejective etc)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 12 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 15 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 17 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 18 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Aspiration Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 20 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 22 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

The air passes through through your oral(-nasal) cavity

You can make constrictions at various points within youroral(-nasal) cavity

Different types of constrictionsresult in different types of speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 23 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 25 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

LABIAL CORONAL DORSALBilabial (p b m) Dental ( T D) Palatal (j)Labiodental (f v) Alveolar (t d n s) Velar (k g N)

Retroflex (uacute atilde ) Uvular (q ouml K)Palato-Alveolar (S Z) (Pharyngeal (Q))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 26 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

Articulatory positions of laminal denti-alveolar laminal palatal-alveolarand palatal stops in Ngwo (From Ladefoged amp Maddieson (1996))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 27 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 28 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

STOP complete closure of articulators

oral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k

nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 30 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 31 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg []) can correspond to a lot of different letters

(2) a maritime []

b connect []

c circus []

d physician []

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 9 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg []) can correspond to a lot of different letters

(2) a maritime []

b connect []

c circus []

d physician []

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 9 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With an alphabet for a language with more sounds

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg [kh]) can correspond to a lot of different letters

ข ฃค ฅฆ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 10 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With an alphabet for a language with more sounds

BUT Not all languages have the same sounds

CONSONANTS English Thai TR Salish Xhosa

Sonorant 7 7 16 16Pulmonic Obstruent 17 14 18 22Ejective Obstruent 0 0 8 7Implosive Obstruent 0 0 0 1Click Obstruent 0 0 0 18

TOTAL 24 21 42 64

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 11 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds Ladefoged (2001)

Option 1 With some languagersquos alphabet timesOption 2 With the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

- a transcription system that uses a 11 rsquosound-symbolrsquo correspondenceThe IPA categorizes consonants according to their articulatory properties

1 Place of Articulation (bilabial alveolar pharyngeal etc)

2 Manner of Articulation (stopplosive fricative glide etc)

3 Laryngeal Mechanism (voiced voiceless ejective etc)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 12 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 15 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 17 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 18 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Aspiration Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 20 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 22 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

The air passes through through your oral(-nasal) cavity

You can make constrictions at various points within youroral(-nasal) cavity

Different types of constrictionsresult in different types of speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 23 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 25 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

LABIAL CORONAL DORSALBilabial (p b m) Dental ( T D) Palatal (j)Labiodental (f v) Alveolar (t d n s) Velar (k g N)

Retroflex (uacute atilde ) Uvular (q ouml K)Palato-Alveolar (S Z) (Pharyngeal (Q))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 26 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

Articulatory positions of laminal denti-alveolar laminal palatal-alveolarand palatal stops in Ngwo (From Ladefoged amp Maddieson (1996))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 27 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 28 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

STOP complete closure of articulators

oral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k

nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 30 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 31 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Challenge Listen and try and transcribe the speech sounds (anyway you can - your goal is to describe the speech sounds)

1 Blackfoot (10 second clip) Play CS-002mp3

2 Thompson River Salish (15 second clip) Play TS-001mp3

Compare with the person sitting next to you- are your transcriptions the same

Did you have problems trying to transcribe the sounds Why

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 7 60

null

11023657

null

14315038

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg []) can correspond to a lot of different letters

(2) a maritime []

b connect []

c circus []

d physician []

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 9 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg []) can correspond to a lot of different letters

(2) a maritime []

b connect []

c circus []

d physician []

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 9 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With an alphabet for a language with more sounds

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg [kh]) can correspond to a lot of different letters

ข ฃค ฅฆ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 10 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With an alphabet for a language with more sounds

BUT Not all languages have the same sounds

CONSONANTS English Thai TR Salish Xhosa

Sonorant 7 7 16 16Pulmonic Obstruent 17 14 18 22Ejective Obstruent 0 0 8 7Implosive Obstruent 0 0 0 1Click Obstruent 0 0 0 18

TOTAL 24 21 42 64

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 11 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds Ladefoged (2001)

Option 1 With some languagersquos alphabet timesOption 2 With the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

- a transcription system that uses a 11 rsquosound-symbolrsquo correspondenceThe IPA categorizes consonants according to their articulatory properties

1 Place of Articulation (bilabial alveolar pharyngeal etc)

2 Manner of Articulation (stopplosive fricative glide etc)

3 Laryngeal Mechanism (voiced voiceless ejective etc)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 12 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 15 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 17 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 18 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Aspiration Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 20 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 22 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

The air passes through through your oral(-nasal) cavity

You can make constrictions at various points within youroral(-nasal) cavity

Different types of constrictionsresult in different types of speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 23 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 25 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

LABIAL CORONAL DORSALBilabial (p b m) Dental ( T D) Palatal (j)Labiodental (f v) Alveolar (t d n s) Velar (k g N)

Retroflex (uacute atilde ) Uvular (q ouml K)Palato-Alveolar (S Z) (Pharyngeal (Q))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 26 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

Articulatory positions of laminal denti-alveolar laminal palatal-alveolarand palatal stops in Ngwo (From Ladefoged amp Maddieson (1996))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 27 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 28 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

STOP complete closure of articulators

oral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k

nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 30 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 31 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg []) can correspond to a lot of different letters

(2) a maritime []

b connect []

c circus []

d physician []

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 9 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg []) can correspond to a lot of different letters

(2) a maritime []

b connect []

c circus []

d physician []

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 9 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With an alphabet for a language with more sounds

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg [kh]) can correspond to a lot of different letters

ข ฃค ฅฆ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 10 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With an alphabet for a language with more sounds

BUT Not all languages have the same sounds

CONSONANTS English Thai TR Salish Xhosa

Sonorant 7 7 16 16Pulmonic Obstruent 17 14 18 22Ejective Obstruent 0 0 8 7Implosive Obstruent 0 0 0 1Click Obstruent 0 0 0 18

TOTAL 24 21 42 64

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 11 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds Ladefoged (2001)

Option 1 With some languagersquos alphabet timesOption 2 With the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

- a transcription system that uses a 11 rsquosound-symbolrsquo correspondenceThe IPA categorizes consonants according to their articulatory properties

1 Place of Articulation (bilabial alveolar pharyngeal etc)

2 Manner of Articulation (stopplosive fricative glide etc)

3 Laryngeal Mechanism (voiced voiceless ejective etc)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 12 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 15 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 17 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 18 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Aspiration Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 20 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 22 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

The air passes through through your oral(-nasal) cavity

You can make constrictions at various points within youroral(-nasal) cavity

Different types of constrictionsresult in different types of speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 23 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 25 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

LABIAL CORONAL DORSALBilabial (p b m) Dental ( T D) Palatal (j)Labiodental (f v) Alveolar (t d n s) Velar (k g N)

Retroflex (uacute atilde ) Uvular (q ouml K)Palato-Alveolar (S Z) (Pharyngeal (Q))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 26 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

Articulatory positions of laminal denti-alveolar laminal palatal-alveolarand palatal stops in Ngwo (From Ladefoged amp Maddieson (1996))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 27 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 28 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

STOP complete closure of articulators

oral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k

nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 30 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 31 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg []) can correspond to a lot of different letters

(2) a maritime []

b connect []

c circus []

d physician []

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 9 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg []) can correspond to a lot of different letters

(2) a maritime []

b connect []

c circus []

d physician []

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 9 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With an alphabet for a language with more sounds

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg [kh]) can correspond to a lot of different letters

ข ฃค ฅฆ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 10 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With an alphabet for a language with more sounds

BUT Not all languages have the same sounds

CONSONANTS English Thai TR Salish Xhosa

Sonorant 7 7 16 16Pulmonic Obstruent 17 14 18 22Ejective Obstruent 0 0 8 7Implosive Obstruent 0 0 0 1Click Obstruent 0 0 0 18

TOTAL 24 21 42 64

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 11 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds Ladefoged (2001)

Option 1 With some languagersquos alphabet timesOption 2 With the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

- a transcription system that uses a 11 rsquosound-symbolrsquo correspondenceThe IPA categorizes consonants according to their articulatory properties

1 Place of Articulation (bilabial alveolar pharyngeal etc)

2 Manner of Articulation (stopplosive fricative glide etc)

3 Laryngeal Mechanism (voiced voiceless ejective etc)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 12 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 15 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 17 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 18 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Aspiration Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 20 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 22 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

The air passes through through your oral(-nasal) cavity

You can make constrictions at various points within youroral(-nasal) cavity

Different types of constrictionsresult in different types of speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 23 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 25 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

LABIAL CORONAL DORSALBilabial (p b m) Dental ( T D) Palatal (j)Labiodental (f v) Alveolar (t d n s) Velar (k g N)

Retroflex (uacute atilde ) Uvular (q ouml K)Palato-Alveolar (S Z) (Pharyngeal (Q))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 26 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

Articulatory positions of laminal denti-alveolar laminal palatal-alveolarand palatal stops in Ngwo (From Ladefoged amp Maddieson (1996))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 27 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 28 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

STOP complete closure of articulators

oral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k

nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 30 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 31 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One letter (eg rsquoarsquo) can correspond to a lot of different sounds

(1) a man [maelign]

b father [rsquofAD3R]

c hay [hej]

d fare [f3R]

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 8 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg []) can correspond to a lot of different letters

(2) a maritime []

b connect []

c circus []

d physician []

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 9 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg []) can correspond to a lot of different letters

(2) a maritime []

b connect []

c circus []

d physician []

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 9 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With an alphabet for a language with more sounds

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg [kh]) can correspond to a lot of different letters

ข ฃค ฅฆ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 10 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With an alphabet for a language with more sounds

BUT Not all languages have the same sounds

CONSONANTS English Thai TR Salish Xhosa

Sonorant 7 7 16 16Pulmonic Obstruent 17 14 18 22Ejective Obstruent 0 0 8 7Implosive Obstruent 0 0 0 1Click Obstruent 0 0 0 18

TOTAL 24 21 42 64

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 11 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds Ladefoged (2001)

Option 1 With some languagersquos alphabet timesOption 2 With the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

- a transcription system that uses a 11 rsquosound-symbolrsquo correspondenceThe IPA categorizes consonants according to their articulatory properties

1 Place of Articulation (bilabial alveolar pharyngeal etc)

2 Manner of Articulation (stopplosive fricative glide etc)

3 Laryngeal Mechanism (voiced voiceless ejective etc)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 12 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 15 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 17 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 18 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Aspiration Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 20 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 22 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

The air passes through through your oral(-nasal) cavity

You can make constrictions at various points within youroral(-nasal) cavity

Different types of constrictionsresult in different types of speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 23 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 25 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

LABIAL CORONAL DORSALBilabial (p b m) Dental ( T D) Palatal (j)Labiodental (f v) Alveolar (t d n s) Velar (k g N)

Retroflex (uacute atilde ) Uvular (q ouml K)Palato-Alveolar (S Z) (Pharyngeal (Q))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 26 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

Articulatory positions of laminal denti-alveolar laminal palatal-alveolarand palatal stops in Ngwo (From Ladefoged amp Maddieson (1996))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 27 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 28 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

STOP complete closure of articulators

oral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k

nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 30 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 31 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg []) can correspond to a lot of different letters

(2) a maritime []

b connect []

c circus []

d physician []

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 9 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg []) can correspond to a lot of different letters

(2) a maritime []

b connect []

c circus []

d physician []

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 9 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With an alphabet for a language with more sounds

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg [kh]) can correspond to a lot of different letters

ข ฃค ฅฆ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 10 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With an alphabet for a language with more sounds

BUT Not all languages have the same sounds

CONSONANTS English Thai TR Salish Xhosa

Sonorant 7 7 16 16Pulmonic Obstruent 17 14 18 22Ejective Obstruent 0 0 8 7Implosive Obstruent 0 0 0 1Click Obstruent 0 0 0 18

TOTAL 24 21 42 64

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 11 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds Ladefoged (2001)

Option 1 With some languagersquos alphabet timesOption 2 With the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

- a transcription system that uses a 11 rsquosound-symbolrsquo correspondenceThe IPA categorizes consonants according to their articulatory properties

1 Place of Articulation (bilabial alveolar pharyngeal etc)

2 Manner of Articulation (stopplosive fricative glide etc)

3 Laryngeal Mechanism (voiced voiceless ejective etc)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 12 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 15 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 17 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 18 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Aspiration Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 20 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 22 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

The air passes through through your oral(-nasal) cavity

You can make constrictions at various points within youroral(-nasal) cavity

Different types of constrictionsresult in different types of speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 23 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 25 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

LABIAL CORONAL DORSALBilabial (p b m) Dental ( T D) Palatal (j)Labiodental (f v) Alveolar (t d n s) Velar (k g N)

Retroflex (uacute atilde ) Uvular (q ouml K)Palato-Alveolar (S Z) (Pharyngeal (Q))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 26 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

Articulatory positions of laminal denti-alveolar laminal palatal-alveolarand palatal stops in Ngwo (From Ladefoged amp Maddieson (1996))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 27 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 28 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

STOP complete closure of articulators

oral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k

nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 30 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 31 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With the Roman alphabet eg a b c d e f

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg []) can correspond to a lot of different letters

(2) a maritime []

b connect []

c circus []

d physician []

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 9 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With an alphabet for a language with more sounds

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg [kh]) can correspond to a lot of different letters

ข ฃค ฅฆ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 10 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With an alphabet for a language with more sounds

BUT Not all languages have the same sounds

CONSONANTS English Thai TR Salish Xhosa

Sonorant 7 7 16 16Pulmonic Obstruent 17 14 18 22Ejective Obstruent 0 0 8 7Implosive Obstruent 0 0 0 1Click Obstruent 0 0 0 18

TOTAL 24 21 42 64

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 11 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds Ladefoged (2001)

Option 1 With some languagersquos alphabet timesOption 2 With the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

- a transcription system that uses a 11 rsquosound-symbolrsquo correspondenceThe IPA categorizes consonants according to their articulatory properties

1 Place of Articulation (bilabial alveolar pharyngeal etc)

2 Manner of Articulation (stopplosive fricative glide etc)

3 Laryngeal Mechanism (voiced voiceless ejective etc)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 12 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 15 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 17 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 18 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Aspiration Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 20 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 22 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

The air passes through through your oral(-nasal) cavity

You can make constrictions at various points within youroral(-nasal) cavity

Different types of constrictionsresult in different types of speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 23 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 25 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

LABIAL CORONAL DORSALBilabial (p b m) Dental ( T D) Palatal (j)Labiodental (f v) Alveolar (t d n s) Velar (k g N)

Retroflex (uacute atilde ) Uvular (q ouml K)Palato-Alveolar (S Z) (Pharyngeal (Q))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 26 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

Articulatory positions of laminal denti-alveolar laminal palatal-alveolarand palatal stops in Ngwo (From Ladefoged amp Maddieson (1996))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 27 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 28 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

STOP complete closure of articulators

oral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k

nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 30 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 31 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With an alphabet for a language with more sounds

BUT Orthography (often) doesnrsquot reflect speech sounds very well

One sound (eg [kh]) can correspond to a lot of different letters

ข ฃค ฅฆ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 10 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With an alphabet for a language with more sounds

BUT Not all languages have the same sounds

CONSONANTS English Thai TR Salish Xhosa

Sonorant 7 7 16 16Pulmonic Obstruent 17 14 18 22Ejective Obstruent 0 0 8 7Implosive Obstruent 0 0 0 1Click Obstruent 0 0 0 18

TOTAL 24 21 42 64

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 11 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds Ladefoged (2001)

Option 1 With some languagersquos alphabet timesOption 2 With the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

- a transcription system that uses a 11 rsquosound-symbolrsquo correspondenceThe IPA categorizes consonants according to their articulatory properties

1 Place of Articulation (bilabial alveolar pharyngeal etc)

2 Manner of Articulation (stopplosive fricative glide etc)

3 Laryngeal Mechanism (voiced voiceless ejective etc)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 12 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 15 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 17 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 18 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Aspiration Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 20 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 22 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

The air passes through through your oral(-nasal) cavity

You can make constrictions at various points within youroral(-nasal) cavity

Different types of constrictionsresult in different types of speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 23 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 25 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

LABIAL CORONAL DORSALBilabial (p b m) Dental ( T D) Palatal (j)Labiodental (f v) Alveolar (t d n s) Velar (k g N)

Retroflex (uacute atilde ) Uvular (q ouml K)Palato-Alveolar (S Z) (Pharyngeal (Q))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 26 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

Articulatory positions of laminal denti-alveolar laminal palatal-alveolarand palatal stops in Ngwo (From Ladefoged amp Maddieson (1996))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 27 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 28 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

STOP complete closure of articulators

oral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k

nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 30 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 31 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds

Option 1 With an alphabet for a language with more sounds

BUT Not all languages have the same sounds

CONSONANTS English Thai TR Salish Xhosa

Sonorant 7 7 16 16Pulmonic Obstruent 17 14 18 22Ejective Obstruent 0 0 8 7Implosive Obstruent 0 0 0 1Click Obstruent 0 0 0 18

TOTAL 24 21 42 64

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 11 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds Ladefoged (2001)

Option 1 With some languagersquos alphabet timesOption 2 With the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

- a transcription system that uses a 11 rsquosound-symbolrsquo correspondenceThe IPA categorizes consonants according to their articulatory properties

1 Place of Articulation (bilabial alveolar pharyngeal etc)

2 Manner of Articulation (stopplosive fricative glide etc)

3 Laryngeal Mechanism (voiced voiceless ejective etc)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 12 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 15 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 17 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 18 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Aspiration Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 20 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 22 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

The air passes through through your oral(-nasal) cavity

You can make constrictions at various points within youroral(-nasal) cavity

Different types of constrictionsresult in different types of speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 23 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 25 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

LABIAL CORONAL DORSALBilabial (p b m) Dental ( T D) Palatal (j)Labiodental (f v) Alveolar (t d n s) Velar (k g N)

Retroflex (uacute atilde ) Uvular (q ouml K)Palato-Alveolar (S Z) (Pharyngeal (Q))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 26 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

Articulatory positions of laminal denti-alveolar laminal palatal-alveolarand palatal stops in Ngwo (From Ladefoged amp Maddieson (1996))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 27 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 28 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

STOP complete closure of articulators

oral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k

nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 30 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 31 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Puzzle How can we represent speech sounds Ladefoged (2001)

Option 1 With some languagersquos alphabet timesOption 2 With the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

- a transcription system that uses a 11 rsquosound-symbolrsquo correspondenceThe IPA categorizes consonants according to their articulatory properties

1 Place of Articulation (bilabial alveolar pharyngeal etc)

2 Manner of Articulation (stopplosive fricative glide etc)

3 Laryngeal Mechanism (voiced voiceless ejective etc)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 12 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 15 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 17 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 18 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Aspiration Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 20 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 22 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

The air passes through through your oral(-nasal) cavity

You can make constrictions at various points within youroral(-nasal) cavity

Different types of constrictionsresult in different types of speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 23 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 25 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

LABIAL CORONAL DORSALBilabial (p b m) Dental ( T D) Palatal (j)Labiodental (f v) Alveolar (t d n s) Velar (k g N)

Retroflex (uacute atilde ) Uvular (q ouml K)Palato-Alveolar (S Z) (Pharyngeal (Q))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 26 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

Articulatory positions of laminal denti-alveolar laminal palatal-alveolarand palatal stops in Ngwo (From Ladefoged amp Maddieson (1996))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 27 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 28 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

STOP complete closure of articulators

oral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k

nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 30 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 31 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 15 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 17 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 18 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Aspiration Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 20 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 22 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

The air passes through through your oral(-nasal) cavity

You can make constrictions at various points within youroral(-nasal) cavity

Different types of constrictionsresult in different types of speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 23 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 25 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

LABIAL CORONAL DORSALBilabial (p b m) Dental ( T D) Palatal (j)Labiodental (f v) Alveolar (t d n s) Velar (k g N)

Retroflex (uacute atilde ) Uvular (q ouml K)Palato-Alveolar (S Z) (Pharyngeal (Q))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 26 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

Articulatory positions of laminal denti-alveolar laminal palatal-alveolarand palatal stops in Ngwo (From Ladefoged amp Maddieson (1996))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 27 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 28 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

STOP complete closure of articulators

oral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k

nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 30 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 31 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 15 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 17 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 18 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Aspiration Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 20 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 22 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

The air passes through through your oral(-nasal) cavity

You can make constrictions at various points within youroral(-nasal) cavity

Different types of constrictionsresult in different types of speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 23 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 25 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

LABIAL CORONAL DORSALBilabial (p b m) Dental ( T D) Palatal (j)Labiodental (f v) Alveolar (t d n s) Velar (k g N)

Retroflex (uacute atilde ) Uvular (q ouml K)Palato-Alveolar (S Z) (Pharyngeal (Q))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 26 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

Articulatory positions of laminal denti-alveolar laminal palatal-alveolarand palatal stops in Ngwo (From Ladefoged amp Maddieson (1996))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 27 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 28 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

STOP complete closure of articulators

oral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k

nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 30 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 31 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirLaryngeal mechanism

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

For this course wersquoll only consider egressive pulmonic speech sounds

(i) Air Source Lungs(ii) Air Direction Out

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 13 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 15 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 17 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 18 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Aspiration Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 20 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 22 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

The air passes through through your oral(-nasal) cavity

You can make constrictions at various points within youroral(-nasal) cavity

Different types of constrictionsresult in different types of speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 23 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 25 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

LABIAL CORONAL DORSALBilabial (p b m) Dental ( T D) Palatal (j)Labiodental (f v) Alveolar (t d n s) Velar (k g N)

Retroflex (uacute atilde ) Uvular (q ouml K)Palato-Alveolar (S Z) (Pharyngeal (Q))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 26 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

Articulatory positions of laminal denti-alveolar laminal palatal-alveolarand palatal stops in Ngwo (From Ladefoged amp Maddieson (1996))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 27 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 28 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

STOP complete closure of articulators

oral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k

nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 30 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 31 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 15 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 17 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 18 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Aspiration Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 20 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 22 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

The air passes through through your oral(-nasal) cavity

You can make constrictions at various points within youroral(-nasal) cavity

Different types of constrictionsresult in different types of speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 23 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 25 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

LABIAL CORONAL DORSALBilabial (p b m) Dental ( T D) Palatal (j)Labiodental (f v) Alveolar (t d n s) Velar (k g N)

Retroflex (uacute atilde ) Uvular (q ouml K)Palato-Alveolar (S Z) (Pharyngeal (Q))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 26 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

Articulatory positions of laminal denti-alveolar laminal palatal-alveolarand palatal stops in Ngwo (From Ladefoged amp Maddieson (1996))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 27 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 28 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

STOP complete closure of articulators

oral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k

nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 30 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 31 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

With egressive pulmonic sounds

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 14 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 15 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 17 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 18 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Aspiration Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 20 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 22 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

The air passes through through your oral(-nasal) cavity

You can make constrictions at various points within youroral(-nasal) cavity

Different types of constrictionsresult in different types of speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 23 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 25 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

LABIAL CORONAL DORSALBilabial (p b m) Dental ( T D) Palatal (j)Labiodental (f v) Alveolar (t d n s) Velar (k g N)

Retroflex (uacute atilde ) Uvular (q ouml K)Palato-Alveolar (S Z) (Pharyngeal (Q))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 26 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

Articulatory positions of laminal denti-alveolar laminal palatal-alveolarand palatal stops in Ngwo (From Ladefoged amp Maddieson (1996))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 27 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 28 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

STOP complete closure of articulators

oral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k

nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 30 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 31 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 15 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 17 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 18 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Aspiration Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 20 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 22 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

The air passes through through your oral(-nasal) cavity

You can make constrictions at various points within youroral(-nasal) cavity

Different types of constrictionsresult in different types of speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 23 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 25 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

LABIAL CORONAL DORSALBilabial (p b m) Dental ( T D) Palatal (j)Labiodental (f v) Alveolar (t d n s) Velar (k g N)

Retroflex (uacute atilde ) Uvular (q ouml K)Palato-Alveolar (S Z) (Pharyngeal (Q))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 26 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

Articulatory positions of laminal denti-alveolar laminal palatal-alveolarand palatal stops in Ngwo (From Ladefoged amp Maddieson (1996))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 27 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 28 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

STOP complete closure of articulators

oral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k

nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 30 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 31 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 17 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 18 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Aspiration Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 20 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 22 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

The air passes through through your oral(-nasal) cavity

You can make constrictions at various points within youroral(-nasal) cavity

Different types of constrictionsresult in different types of speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 23 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 25 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

LABIAL CORONAL DORSALBilabial (p b m) Dental ( T D) Palatal (j)Labiodental (f v) Alveolar (t d n s) Velar (k g N)

Retroflex (uacute atilde ) Uvular (q ouml K)Palato-Alveolar (S Z) (Pharyngeal (Q))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 26 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

Articulatory positions of laminal denti-alveolar laminal palatal-alveolarand palatal stops in Ngwo (From Ladefoged amp Maddieson (1996))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 27 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 28 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

STOP complete closure of articulators

oral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k

nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 30 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 31 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 17 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 18 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Aspiration Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 20 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 22 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

The air passes through through your oral(-nasal) cavity

You can make constrictions at various points within youroral(-nasal) cavity

Different types of constrictionsresult in different types of speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 23 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 25 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

LABIAL CORONAL DORSALBilabial (p b m) Dental ( T D) Palatal (j)Labiodental (f v) Alveolar (t d n s) Velar (k g N)

Retroflex (uacute atilde ) Uvular (q ouml K)Palato-Alveolar (S Z) (Pharyngeal (Q))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 26 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

Articulatory positions of laminal denti-alveolar laminal palatal-alveolarand palatal stops in Ngwo (From Ladefoged amp Maddieson (1996))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 27 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 28 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

STOP complete closure of articulators

oral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k

nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 30 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 31 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 16 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 17 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 18 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Aspiration Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 20 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 22 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

The air passes through through your oral(-nasal) cavity

You can make constrictions at various points within youroral(-nasal) cavity

Different types of constrictionsresult in different types of speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 23 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 25 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

LABIAL CORONAL DORSALBilabial (p b m) Dental ( T D) Palatal (j)Labiodental (f v) Alveolar (t d n s) Velar (k g N)

Retroflex (uacute atilde ) Uvular (q ouml K)Palato-Alveolar (S Z) (Pharyngeal (Q))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 26 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

Articulatory positions of laminal denti-alveolar laminal palatal-alveolarand palatal stops in Ngwo (From Ladefoged amp Maddieson (1996))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 27 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 28 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

STOP complete closure of articulators

oral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k

nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 30 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 31 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according tovoicing - ie whether the vocal folds are vibrating

VOICED (closed vibrating vocal folds)

b d g z v m n a i u e o dZ D

VOICELESS (open vocal folds)

p t k s S f tS T

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 17 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 18 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Aspiration Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 20 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 22 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

The air passes through through your oral(-nasal) cavity

You can make constrictions at various points within youroral(-nasal) cavity

Different types of constrictionsresult in different types of speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 23 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 25 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

LABIAL CORONAL DORSALBilabial (p b m) Dental ( T D) Palatal (j)Labiodental (f v) Alveolar (t d n s) Velar (k g N)

Retroflex (uacute atilde ) Uvular (q ouml K)Palato-Alveolar (S Z) (Pharyngeal (Q))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 26 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

Articulatory positions of laminal denti-alveolar laminal palatal-alveolarand palatal stops in Ngwo (From Ladefoged amp Maddieson (1996))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 27 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 28 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

STOP complete closure of articulators

oral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k

nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 30 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 31 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 18 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Aspiration Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 20 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 22 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

The air passes through through your oral(-nasal) cavity

You can make constrictions at various points within youroral(-nasal) cavity

Different types of constrictionsresult in different types of speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 23 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 25 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

LABIAL CORONAL DORSALBilabial (p b m) Dental ( T D) Palatal (j)Labiodental (f v) Alveolar (t d n s) Velar (k g N)

Retroflex (uacute atilde ) Uvular (q ouml K)Palato-Alveolar (S Z) (Pharyngeal (Q))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 26 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

Articulatory positions of laminal denti-alveolar laminal palatal-alveolarand palatal stops in Ngwo (From Ladefoged amp Maddieson (1996))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 27 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 28 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

STOP complete closure of articulators

oral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k

nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 30 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 31 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Aspiration Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 20 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 22 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

The air passes through through your oral(-nasal) cavity

You can make constrictions at various points within youroral(-nasal) cavity

Different types of constrictionsresult in different types of speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 23 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 25 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

LABIAL CORONAL DORSALBilabial (p b m) Dental ( T D) Palatal (j)Labiodental (f v) Alveolar (t d n s) Velar (k g N)

Retroflex (uacute atilde ) Uvular (q ouml K)Palato-Alveolar (S Z) (Pharyngeal (Q))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 26 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

Articulatory positions of laminal denti-alveolar laminal palatal-alveolarand palatal stops in Ngwo (From Ladefoged amp Maddieson (1996))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 27 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 28 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

STOP complete closure of articulators

oral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k

nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 30 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 31 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Aspiration Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 20 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 22 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

The air passes through through your oral(-nasal) cavity

You can make constrictions at various points within youroral(-nasal) cavity

Different types of constrictionsresult in different types of speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 23 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 25 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

LABIAL CORONAL DORSALBilabial (p b m) Dental ( T D) Palatal (j)Labiodental (f v) Alveolar (t d n s) Velar (k g N)

Retroflex (uacute atilde ) Uvular (q ouml K)Palato-Alveolar (S Z) (Pharyngeal (Q))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 26 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

Articulatory positions of laminal denti-alveolar laminal palatal-alveolarand palatal stops in Ngwo (From Ladefoged amp Maddieson (1996))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 27 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 28 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

STOP complete closure of articulators

oral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k

nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 30 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 31 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Pulmonic Egressive Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according toaspiration - ie whether you keep your vocal folds loose afterthe sound so that the sound is followed by a puff of air

ASPIRATED (puff of air)

ph th kh

UNASPIRATED (no puff of air)

p t k

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 19 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Aspiration Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 20 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 22 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

The air passes through through your oral(-nasal) cavity

You can make constrictions at various points within youroral(-nasal) cavity

Different types of constrictionsresult in different types of speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 23 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 25 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

LABIAL CORONAL DORSALBilabial (p b m) Dental ( T D) Palatal (j)Labiodental (f v) Alveolar (t d n s) Velar (k g N)

Retroflex (uacute atilde ) Uvular (q ouml K)Palato-Alveolar (S Z) (Pharyngeal (Q))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 26 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

Articulatory positions of laminal denti-alveolar laminal palatal-alveolarand palatal stops in Ngwo (From Ladefoged amp Maddieson (1996))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 27 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 28 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

STOP complete closure of articulators

oral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k

nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 30 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 31 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Laryngeal Mechanism Aspiration Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 20 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 22 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

The air passes through through your oral(-nasal) cavity

You can make constrictions at various points within youroral(-nasal) cavity

Different types of constrictionsresult in different types of speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 23 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 25 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

LABIAL CORONAL DORSALBilabial (p b m) Dental ( T D) Palatal (j)Labiodental (f v) Alveolar (t d n s) Velar (k g N)

Retroflex (uacute atilde ) Uvular (q ouml K)Palato-Alveolar (S Z) (Pharyngeal (Q))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 26 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

Articulatory positions of laminal denti-alveolar laminal palatal-alveolarand palatal stops in Ngwo (From Ladefoged amp Maddieson (1996))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 27 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 28 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

STOP complete closure of articulators

oral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k

nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 30 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 31 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 22 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

The air passes through through your oral(-nasal) cavity

You can make constrictions at various points within youroral(-nasal) cavity

Different types of constrictionsresult in different types of speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 23 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 25 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

LABIAL CORONAL DORSALBilabial (p b m) Dental ( T D) Palatal (j)Labiodental (f v) Alveolar (t d n s) Velar (k g N)

Retroflex (uacute atilde ) Uvular (q ouml K)Palato-Alveolar (S Z) (Pharyngeal (Q))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 26 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

Articulatory positions of laminal denti-alveolar laminal palatal-alveolarand palatal stops in Ngwo (From Ladefoged amp Maddieson (1996))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 27 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 28 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

STOP complete closure of articulators

oral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k

nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 30 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 31 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

Speech sounds are made by pushing air through your vocal tract

The air comes up from your lungs

The air then goes through your glottis(the space between your vocal foldschords)

The air then passes through the rest of your vocal tract(ie through your oral(-nasal) cavity)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 21 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 22 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

The air passes through through your oral(-nasal) cavity

You can make constrictions at various points within youroral(-nasal) cavity

Different types of constrictionsresult in different types of speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 23 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 25 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

LABIAL CORONAL DORSALBilabial (p b m) Dental ( T D) Palatal (j)Labiodental (f v) Alveolar (t d n s) Velar (k g N)

Retroflex (uacute atilde ) Uvular (q ouml K)Palato-Alveolar (S Z) (Pharyngeal (Q))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 26 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

Articulatory positions of laminal denti-alveolar laminal palatal-alveolarand palatal stops in Ngwo (From Ladefoged amp Maddieson (1996))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 27 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 28 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

STOP complete closure of articulators

oral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k

nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 30 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 31 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 22 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

The air passes through through your oral(-nasal) cavity

You can make constrictions at various points within youroral(-nasal) cavity

Different types of constrictionsresult in different types of speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 23 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 25 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

LABIAL CORONAL DORSALBilabial (p b m) Dental ( T D) Palatal (j)Labiodental (f v) Alveolar (t d n s) Velar (k g N)

Retroflex (uacute atilde ) Uvular (q ouml K)Palato-Alveolar (S Z) (Pharyngeal (Q))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 26 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

Articulatory positions of laminal denti-alveolar laminal palatal-alveolarand palatal stops in Ngwo (From Ladefoged amp Maddieson (1996))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 27 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 28 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

STOP complete closure of articulators

oral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k

nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 30 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 31 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Making SPEECH SOUNDS

The air passes through through your oral(-nasal) cavity

You can make constrictions at various points within youroral(-nasal) cavity

Different types of constrictionsresult in different types of speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 23 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 25 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

LABIAL CORONAL DORSALBilabial (p b m) Dental ( T D) Palatal (j)Labiodental (f v) Alveolar (t d n s) Velar (k g N)

Retroflex (uacute atilde ) Uvular (q ouml K)Palato-Alveolar (S Z) (Pharyngeal (Q))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 26 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

Articulatory positions of laminal denti-alveolar laminal palatal-alveolarand palatal stops in Ngwo (From Ladefoged amp Maddieson (1996))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 27 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 28 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

STOP complete closure of articulators

oral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k

nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 30 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 31 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 25 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

LABIAL CORONAL DORSALBilabial (p b m) Dental ( T D) Palatal (j)Labiodental (f v) Alveolar (t d n s) Velar (k g N)

Retroflex (uacute atilde ) Uvular (q ouml K)Palato-Alveolar (S Z) (Pharyngeal (Q))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 26 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

Articulatory positions of laminal denti-alveolar laminal palatal-alveolarand palatal stops in Ngwo (From Ladefoged amp Maddieson (1996))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 27 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 28 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

STOP complete closure of articulators

oral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k

nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 30 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 31 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 25 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

LABIAL CORONAL DORSALBilabial (p b m) Dental ( T D) Palatal (j)Labiodental (f v) Alveolar (t d n s) Velar (k g N)

Retroflex (uacute atilde ) Uvular (q ouml K)Palato-Alveolar (S Z) (Pharyngeal (Q))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 26 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

Articulatory positions of laminal denti-alveolar laminal palatal-alveolarand palatal stops in Ngwo (From Ladefoged amp Maddieson (1996))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 27 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 28 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

STOP complete closure of articulators

oral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k

nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 30 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 31 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 25 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

LABIAL CORONAL DORSALBilabial (p b m) Dental ( T D) Palatal (j)Labiodental (f v) Alveolar (t d n s) Velar (k g N)

Retroflex (uacute atilde ) Uvular (q ouml K)Palato-Alveolar (S Z) (Pharyngeal (Q))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 26 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

Articulatory positions of laminal denti-alveolar laminal palatal-alveolarand palatal stops in Ngwo (From Ladefoged amp Maddieson (1996))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 27 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 28 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

STOP complete closure of articulators

oral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k

nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 30 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 31 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves to make a constriction)

(1) LABIAL using the lips (p b m f v)

(2) CORONAL using the tip or blade of the tongue (t d s S Z )

(3) DORSAL using the back of the tongue (k g q Q)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 24 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 25 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

LABIAL CORONAL DORSALBilabial (p b m) Dental ( T D) Palatal (j)Labiodental (f v) Alveolar (t d n s) Velar (k g N)

Retroflex (uacute atilde ) Uvular (q ouml K)Palato-Alveolar (S Z) (Pharyngeal (Q))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 26 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

Articulatory positions of laminal denti-alveolar laminal palatal-alveolarand palatal stops in Ngwo (From Ladefoged amp Maddieson (1996))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 27 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 28 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

STOP complete closure of articulators

oral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k

nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 30 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 31 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

Speech sounds can be categorized according to theirplace of articulation- eg according to the rsquoactive articulatorrsquo(the articulator that moves)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 25 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

LABIAL CORONAL DORSALBilabial (p b m) Dental ( T D) Palatal (j)Labiodental (f v) Alveolar (t d n s) Velar (k g N)

Retroflex (uacute atilde ) Uvular (q ouml K)Palato-Alveolar (S Z) (Pharyngeal (Q))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 26 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

Articulatory positions of laminal denti-alveolar laminal palatal-alveolarand palatal stops in Ngwo (From Ladefoged amp Maddieson (1996))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 27 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 28 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

STOP complete closure of articulators

oral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k

nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 30 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 31 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

LABIAL CORONAL DORSALBilabial (p b m) Dental ( T D) Palatal (j)Labiodental (f v) Alveolar (t d n s) Velar (k g N)

Retroflex (uacute atilde ) Uvular (q ouml K)Palato-Alveolar (S Z) (Pharyngeal (Q))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 26 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

Articulatory positions of laminal denti-alveolar laminal palatal-alveolarand palatal stops in Ngwo (From Ladefoged amp Maddieson (1996))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 27 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 28 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

STOP complete closure of articulators

oral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k

nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 30 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 31 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

place of articulation can further be categorized according to thersquopassive articulatorrsquo (where the active articulator moves to)

Articulatory positions of laminal denti-alveolar laminal palatal-alveolarand palatal stops in Ngwo (From Ladefoged amp Maddieson (1996))

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 27 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 28 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

STOP complete closure of articulators

oral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k

nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 30 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 31 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

The Vocal Organs Place of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 28 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

STOP complete closure of articulators

oral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k

nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 30 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 31 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

STOP complete closure of articulators

oral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k

nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 30 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 31 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

STOP complete closure of articulators

oral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k

nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 30 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 31 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

STOP complete closure of articulators

oral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k

nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 30 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 31 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

STOP complete closure of articulators

oral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k

nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 30 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 31 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

Speech sounds can also be categorized according tomanner of articulation (degree of constriction)

(1) STOP complete closure of articulatorsoral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

(2) FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

(3) APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

(4) AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 29 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

STOP complete closure of articulators

oral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k

nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 30 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 31 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

STOP complete closure of articulators

oral (nasal cavity blocked) p t k

nasal (nasal cavity open) m n N

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 30 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 31 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

FRICATIVE close approximation of articulators(turbulent airstream) s z T D f v S

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 31 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

AFFRICATE stop with fricative release gttS

gtdZ

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 32 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Manner of Articulation Ladefoged (2001)

APPROXIMANT close approximation of articulators(non-turbulent airstream) w j l r

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 33 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged (2001)

Laryngeal Mechanism Place of Articulation and Mannerof Articulation are usually used to describe CONSONANTS

VOWELS are characterized in terms of the following articulatory features

(i) HEIGHT (ie high [i] vs low [a] )relates to the vertical position of the tongue

(ii) FRONTBACKNESS (ie front [y] vs back [u])relates to the frontback position of the tongue

(iii) ROUNDNESS (ie round [y] vs unround [i])relates to roundness of lips

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 34 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels Ladefoged amp Johnson (2011)

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 35 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 36 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 37 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 38 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 39 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 40 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 41 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 42 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 43 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 44 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

What about Vowels

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 45 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

1 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the voicing of the first consonant in each word

(a) deli

(b) cat

(c) cheap

(d) zebra

(e) knee

(f) thing

voicelessvoiced

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 46 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

2 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the place of articulation of the first consonant ineach word

(a) belly

(b) foot

(c) chin

(d) calf

(e) knee

(f) thigh

LabialBilabialLabiodental

CoronalDentalAlveolarPalato-Alveolar

DorsalPalatalVelar

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 47 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Identification

3 For each of the following examples write a phonetic transcriptionusing the IPA Identify the manner of articulation of the first consonantin each word

(a) cheery

(b) funny

(c) crazy

(d) merry

(e) silly

(f) jolly

stop (oral nasal)fricativeapproximantaffricate

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 48 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

21 Laryngeal Mechanism22 Place of Articulation23 Manner of Articulation24 Vowels

Practice with the IPA Writing

4 Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the articulatory description

(i) voiced bilabial stop

(ii) low back unrounded vowel

(iii) voiced lateral approximant

(iv) high back rounded vowel

(v) voiceless alveolar fricative

(vi) voiced velar nasal

(i) voiced postalveolar affricate

(ii) voiced palatal glide

(iii) mid front unrounded vowel (2)

(iv) voiced dental fricative

(v) voiceless labiodental fricative

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 49 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 50 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 51 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Speech sounds are sounds thus they have all the characteristicmeasurable properties of sounds eg

(1) Wavelength

(2) FrequencyPeriod

(3) Amplitude

rarr Acoustic phonetics is the study of these properties

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 52 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Waveform

Time (s)5687 6439-1

0932

0

60633676

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 53 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

A Spectrogram of the word [fud] lsquolsquofoodrsquorsquo

Time (s)5613 65480

4000

Frequency(H

z)

573319396 635870804

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 54 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 55 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Core Subdomains Phonetics

Phonetics The study of speech sounds

Articulatory - ie how speech sound are made

Acoustic - ie their physical properties (waveform analysisfrequency wavelength etc )

Perceptual - ie how speech sounds are perceived (eg pitch vsfrequency)

PhonologyThe study of the organization and patterning speech sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 56 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The physical properties of sound waves 6= what we hear

Our ears eyes and brain filtercategorize the sound waves into whatwe ultimately perceive

Eg Fundamental frequency (f0) and pitch (the way we perceive f0)are logarithmically not linearly related

deg Perceptual phonetics is the study of how we perceive speech

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 57 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

31 Acoustic Phonetics32 Perceptual Phonetics

Perceptual Phonetics

The McGurk EffectFirst listen and watch the video with your eyes open then close youreyes - what do you hear

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 58 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

Next Time Introduction to Phonology

1 Homework IPA and Orthography Problem SetStart working on the problems now in groupsDue next week - hand in one per group(Put everyonersquos names and student numbers on the assignment)

2 Instagram Homework (if you havenrsquot already done it)IPA Production - 5 sounds

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 59 60

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

References I

Ladefoged Peter 2001 A course in phonetics 4th edition Orlando HarcourtCollege Publishers

Ladefoged Peter amp Keith Johnson 2011 A Course in Phonetics 6th EditionCengage Learning

Ladefoged Peter amp Ian Maddieson 1996 The sounds of the worldrsquos languagesBlackwell

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 60 60

• 1 Introduction
• 2 Articulatory Phonetics
• • 21 Laryngeal Mechanism
  • 22 Place of Articulation
  • 23 Manner of Articulation
  • 24 Vowels
  • • 3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics
    • • 31 Acoustic Phonetics
      • 32 Perceptual Phonetics
      • • 4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

1 Introduction2 Articulatory Phonetics

3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set

References

References I

Ladefoged Peter 2001 A course in phonetics 4th edition Orlando HarcourtCollege Publishers

Ladefoged Peter amp Keith Johnson 2011 A Course in Phonetics 6th EditionCengage Learning

Ladefoged Peter amp Ian Maddieson 1996 The sounds of the worldrsquos languagesBlackwell

M Louie ELC 231 Language and Linguistics 60 60

• 1 Introduction
• 2 Articulatory Phonetics
• • 21 Laryngeal Mechanism
  • 22 Place of Articulation
  • 23 Manner of Articulation
  • 24 Vowels
  • • 3 Acoustic and Perceptual Phonetics
    • • 31 Acoustic Phonetics
      • 32 Perceptual Phonetics
      • • 4 Orthography and IPA Problem Set