introduction to legal process in the united states
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Introduction to Legal Process in the United States. Sources of law Court system Judicial process Alan R. Palmiter – Jan. 2005. (1) Sources of law. Legislative Administrative Judicial Federalism: federal (supreme) vs. state. (1) Sources of law. Legislative (Congress) Constitution - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Introduction to Legal Processin the United States
(1) Sources of law(2) Court system(3) Judicial process
Alan R. Palmiter – Jan. 2005
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(1) Sources of law
Legislative Administrative Judicial
Federalism: federal (supreme) vs. state
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(1) Sources of law
Legislative (Congress)– Constitution– Statutes– Legislative history
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(1) Sources of law
Administrative (Securities & Exchange Commission)
– Regulation (rules)– Agency decisions– Opinions– No-action letters
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(1) Sources of law
Judicial (federal courts)– Constitutional review– Statutory interpretation– Common law (precedent)
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(2) Court systems
Federal State (North Carolina)
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(2) Court systems
Federal – US Supreme Court– US Courts of Appeals– US trial courts
US District Courts Special courts
– US Claims Court– US Bankruptcy Court– US International Court of Trade– US Tax Court
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(2) Court systems
Federal – US Supreme Court
Discretionary review (from federal courts of appeal and state supreme courts)
Original jurisdiction (state vs. state) Appointed for life by President (Senate confirms)
– US Courts of Appeals– US District Court
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(2) Court systems
Federal – US Supreme Court– US Courts of Appeals
Appeal of right from US trial courts Review of errors (primarily legal) 11 regional circuits / DC Circuit / Federal Circuit
– US District Court
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(2) Court systems
Federal – US Supreme Court– US Courts of Appeals– US District Court
Limited jurisdiction (federal questions / diversity cases) Exclusive / concurrent jurisdiction Juries for $ damages / judges for injunctions
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(2) Court systems
State (North Carolina)– NC Supreme Court– NC Court of Appeals– NC trial courts
Superior court District courts Magistrate court Small claims court
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(2) Court systems
State (North Carolina)– NC Supreme Court
Discretionary review (questions of law) Elected (7 justices)
– NC Court of Appeals– NC trial courts
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(2) Court systems
State (North Carolina)– NC Supreme Court– NC Court of Appeals
Appeal of right from superior courts Review of errors (factual / legal) 15 elected judges (appeals heard by 3-judge panels)
– NC trial courts
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(2) Court systems
State (North Carolina)– NC Supreme Court– NC Court of Appeals– NC trial courts
Superior court: felonies / civil > 10K / jury trial District courts: minor criminal / civil <10K / family law Magistrate court: traffic court / small civil <4K Small claims court: small civil <4K, pro se (no attorney)
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(2) Court systems
State (North Carolina)– NC Supreme Court– NC Court of Appeals– NC trial courts
Special business court: by reference– Sits throughout state– One appointed judge– All filings in electronic form
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(3) Judicial process
Pleading
Discovery
Pre-trial
Trial
Post-trial (appeals)
Filters at each stage
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(3) Judicial process
Pleading Complaint (individual or class action) Answer (counterclaim / cross-claim)
Filters – Default judgment– Motion to dismiss– Rule11 sanctions
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(3) Judicial process
Discovery Depositions Interrogatories Document requests Examinations (physical and mental) Admissions
Filters– Discovery sanctions
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(3) Judicial process
Pre-trial– Settlement conference– Alternative dispute methods: mediation /
arbitration– Pre-trial conference
Filters– Summary judgment– Voluntary dismissal (settlement)
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(3) Judicial process
TrialJury / bench trialLive, continuous: witness / exhibits Rules of evidenceLawyer arguments
Filters– Directed verdict (judgment as matter of law)
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(3) Judicial process
Post-trial (appeals) Reopen case before appeal Enforcement of judgment Appeal (on record)
Filters – Judgment notwithstanding verdict (NOV)– Appeal: affirm, reversal, remand