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INTRODUCTION TO

MEDICAL MARIJUANA

Compiled By

Mark Stevens

For use by adults 21 years of age or older.

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INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL MARIJUANA

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PREFACE My mission is to expound on the efficacy of cannabis to and expose people to a broader understanding of body of knowledge and wisdom on this subject. From my own experience, cannabis has been a god send. I have found it can cure numerous maladies and is effective in stomach ailments, depression, pain management, just to name a few. I see great promise for this flowering plant, but the negative downside for abuse-misuse is ever present by those who don't take a more scientific, mature, and/or mindful approach. The secret to an effective cannabis experience is to not overdo it and to go slow. This may sound like the standard cure-all for life, but it can't be overstated enough in the context of medical marijuana, or recreational marijuana for that matter.

Mark Stevens Writer/Compiler


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DISCLAIMER

This is a free general guide that although reflects the general trend dynamics of Medical Marijuana, it does not specifically reflect each individual state’s legalization process.

Keep out of reach of children. For use only by adults 21-years of age or older. All content found in this publication and on the cosmic-om.com website, including: text, images, audio, or other formats were created for informational purposes only. The content is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read in this media.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your doctor, go to the emergency Room, or call 911 immediately. Although informative, reliance on any information provided by this publication is solely at the reader’s own risk.

Links to educational content not created by the author are taken at your own risk. The author is not responsible for the claims of external websites and other informational sources.

- Gandiva Media https://www.cosmic-om.com/

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Section Page

SECTION 1 SAFETY CONCERNS................................................................ ................ 1 1.1 OVERVIEW ................................................................................................ .......... 1 1.2 STORE IT SAFELY OUT OF REACH ................................................................ .. 2 1.3 BE RESPONSIBLE............................................................................................... 3 1.4 START LOW AND GO SLOW ................................................................ .............. 3 1.5 TOXICITY ................................................................................................ ............. 3 1.6 WAYS TO COUNTERACT A TOO INTENSE CANNABIS HIGH .......................... 41.7 SOME THINGS DON’T MIX ................................................................ ................. 5 1.8 WHEN YOU’VE HAD TOO MUCH ................................................................ ....... 5 1.9 KNOW WHERE YOU CAN AND CANNOT CONSUME ................................ ....... 5 1.10 DON’T DRIVE UNDER THE INFLUENCE................................ .......................... 5

SECTION 2 REGISTERING FOR MEDICAL MARIJUANA ................................ .......... 7 2.1 OVERVIEW ................................................................................................ .......... 7 2.2 WHO IS ELIGIBLE TO USE MEDICAL MARIJUANA................................ ........... 7 2.3 WHAT ARE THE QUALIFYING MEDICAL CONDITIONS................................ .... 7 2.4 GENERAL REGISTRATION PROCESS 21-YEARS AND OLDER ...................... 9

2.4.1 Submit Application ................................................................ ......................... 9 2.4.2 Obtain Certification................................................................ ......................... 9 2.4.3 Visit Dispensary ................................................................ ............................. 9

2.5 REGISTRATION FOR PATIENTS UNDER 21-YEARS OF AGE ......................... 92.6 DEFINITIONS................................................................................................ ..... 10

2.6.1 Marijuana Doctor................................................................ .......................... 10 2.6.2 Cannabis Dispensaries ................................................................ ................ 10

SECTION 3 GUIDE TO USING MEDICAL MARIJUANA................................ ............ 11 3.1 OVERVIEW ................................................................................................ ........ 11 3.2 THE BODY’S ENDOCANNABINOID SYSTEM ................................ .................. 11 3.3 TYPES OF CANNABINOIDS AND TERPENES................................ ................. 12

3.3.1 More on CBD ................................................................ ............................... 13 3.4 TYPES OF CANNABIS................................................................ ....................... 14

3.4.1 Sativas ................................................................................................ ......... 15 3.4.2 Indicas................................................................................................ .......... 16 3.4.3 Hybrids................................................................................................ ......... 16 3.4.4 Know Your Variety ................................................................ ....................... 16 3.4.5 Other Information and Recommendations on Cannabis .............................. 17

3.5 EFFECTS ................................................................................................ ........... 17 3.5.1 Head High ................................................................................................ .... 17 3.5.2 Body High................................................................................................ ..... 18

SECTION 4 METHODS OF CONSUMPTION................................ .............................. 19 4.1 OVERVIEW ................................................................................................ ........ 19 4.2 INHALATION DELIVERY METHODS................................................................ . 19

4.2.1 Hand Pipes................................................................................................ ... 20 4.2.2 Water Pipes................................................................................................ .. 20


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4.2.3 Rolled Papers................................................................ ............................... 21 4.2.4 Hookahs................................................................................................ ....... 22 4.2.5 Vaporizers ................................................................................................ .... 23

4.3 ORAL DELIVERY METHODS ................................................................ ............ 23 4.3.1 Tinctures ................................................................................................ ...... 24 4.3.2 Ingestible Oils................................................................ ............................... 24 4.3.3 Edibles ................................................................................................ ......... 25

4.4 TOPICAL DELIVERY METHODS................................................................ ....... 26 4.4.1 Cannabis Topicals................................................................ ........................ 26 4.4.2 Transdermal Patches ................................................................ ................... 27

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Page Figure 1-1. Medical Marijuana Flow Chart................................................................. ..... 6 Figure 2-1. Regional Legalization of Cannabis................................. .............................. 7 Figure 3-1. The Endocannabinoid System. ................................................................ .. 11 Figure 3-2. Cannabis Leaves. ................................................................ ...................... 15 Figure 4-1. Several Different Delivery Methods................................. ........................... 19 Figure 4-2. Hand Pipe. ................................................................................................ . 20 Figure 4-3. Water Pipe. ................................................................................................ 21 Figure 4-4. Rolled Papers. ................................................................ ........................... 21 Figure 4-5. Hookah....................................................................................................... 22 Figure 4-6. Vaporizers................................................................................................. . 23 Figure 4-7. Cannabis Tinctures. ................................................................ ................... 24 Figure 4-8. Cannabis Capsules................................................................. ................... 25 Figure 4-9. Cannabis Edibles. ................................................................ ...................... 25 Figure 4-10. Proper Dosing Guidance................................................................ .......... 26 Figure 4-11. Cannabis Topical. ................................................................ .................... 27 Figure 4-12. Transdermal Patches................................................................. .............. 27 Figure A-1. Cannabinoid Wheel Chart. ........................................................................A-1Figure A-2. Cannabinoid Wheel CBN Supplemental Information. ...............................A-2

LIST OF TABLES

Table Page Table A-1. List of Major Terpenes in Cannabis. ..........................................................A-2Table A-2. List of Some Popular Strains. ....................................................................A-3Table A-3. List of References. .....................................................................................A-5

LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix Page

APPENDIX A .............................................................................................................. A-1CANNABINOIDS, TERPENES, STRAINS, AND REFERENCES .............................. A-1


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SECTION 1 SAFETY CONCERNS

1.1 OVERVIEW

A WORD OF CAUTION U.S. Surgeon General has concluded health risks of marijuana in adolescence and young adults up to age 25, and during pregnancy. Studies reported that frequent or early cannabis use among adolescents and young adults was associated with poorer cognitive performance in tasks requiring executive functioning, attention, and episodic memory. In addition, marijuana use during pregnancy can affect the developing fetus. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) can enter the fetal brain from the mother’s bloodstream and may disrupt the endocannabinoid system, which is important for a healthy pregnancy and fetal brain development.

REF: U.S. Surgeon General’s Advisory: Marijuana Use and the Developing Brain

https://www.hhs.gov/surgeongeneral/reports-and-publications/addiction-and-substance-misuse/advisory-on-marijuana-use-and-developing-brain/index.html

The positive effects of marijuana (also known as cannabis, - the name we will be using Interchangeably) has been known and sought for thousands of years as evidenced by charred cannabis leaves and seeds found at ancient sites throughout the world. Currently, it is the most widely-used narcotic in the Western world, and has been a blessing to those who have sought it for its medicinal value, both physically and mentally. However, it demands AWARENESS, SOME SOPHISTICATION, AND RESPONSIBILITY to use properly. Positive effects of marijuana for medicinal purposes include:

• Pain Reduction,

• Stress Reduction,

• Depression Relief,

• Relaxation, decreased anxiety,

• Nausea and vomiting suppression,

• Decreasing of inner-eye pressure, and

• Appetite stimulation (anti-wasting).


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Other effects are…

• Euphoria,

• Altered or enhanced senses (for example: seeing brighter colors),

• Altered sense of time, timelessness, time slows down,

• Floating feeling,

• Laughter and talkativeness. Negative effects of cannabis, which are mostly caused by overuse (high dosing) of the product, are:

• Anxiousness (normal occurrence),

• Changes in mood,

• Delusions,

• Difficulty with thinking and problem-solving,

• Dizzy (normal occurrence),

• Dry eyes and mouth (normal occurrence),

• Hallucinations,

• Headache,

• Impaired body movement,

• Impaired memory,

• Increased heart rate,

• Nausea and vomiting,

• Paranoia (normal occurrence),

• Psychosis.

NOTE When consuming cannabis, experiment over time to find the “sweet spot” where the amount of medicine consumed is most effective and positive. More is not necessarily better, usually worse. More to follow in Section 1.4.

1.2 STORE IT SAFELY OUT OF REACH Store all cannabis products in a locked area, out-of-sight and reach of children. Keep cannabis in the child-resistant packaging from the retailer. Remember, how you store cannabis should change as your children get older. What works to protect a toddler from accident ingestion may not work to protect a curious teenager who might actually be looking for it.


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1.3 BE RESPONSIBLE Always keep cannabis safely out of the reach of children. If a child eats or drinks cannabis by accident, they may need immediate medical help. Signs of accident ingestion include: problems walking or sitting up, difficulty breathing, and becoming sleepy. If you worry that a child has ingested cannabis accidently, call the poison control hotline in your city/state. If the reaction seems bad, call 911 or go to the emergency room right away.

1.4 START LOW AND GO SLOW The common refrain of the header above serves as a mantra for beginners. Cannabis affects everybody differently, and varying doses, strains and forms can lead to different lengths and strengths of impairment. It is important to know the number of Milligrams (mg) of Tetrahydro-cannabinol (THC) in each product consumed. Ingest a capsule or edible of no more than 5 mg, or no more than 1-to-3 puffs (hits) of inhaled smoke when beginning. Also, it is important to understand everything about the methods of consumption your using and study the different strains of cannabis for their qualities. REF: https:/ www.leafly.com/start-exploring

Lastly, cannabis users have reported that they experience many of the telltale symptoms of a hangover the day after a heavy smoking session, similar to alcohol use. This consists of fatigue, dry eyes, brain fog, nausea; and possible headache, depending on the strain.

1.5 TOXICITY Although cannabis has many positive effects as stated earlier, even slightly elevated levels can produce paranoia, anxiety, poor decision making, decrease motor responses, dry mouth, and dry eyes. However, these conditions will subside as the experience wears off. Studies show that inhaled doses of just 2-to-3 mg of THC and ingested doses of 5-to-20 mg THC can cause significant impairment of attention, memory, executive functioning, and short-term memory loss. Doses > 7.5 mg/m2 inhaled in adults and oral doses from 5-to-300 mg in children can produce more severe symptoms such as hypotension, panic, anxiety, myoclonic jerking/hyperkinesis, delirium, respiratory depression, ataxia, and vomiting. For instance: A very small capsule with the volume of three rice seeds can have extremely negative effects if the dosage you are taking is highly concentrated in THC. It can last up to 2-days in a zombie-like stupor. Make sure you understand how much you are taking and the risks involved beforehand. And again, talk to your dispensary professional about dosage if unsure. The good news is the brain will normally recover over time from the effects, if the cannabis user refrains from use. REF: (dosing info) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430823/


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1.6 WAYS TO COUNTERACT A TOO INTENSE CANNABIS HIGH Here are ways to lessen the effects of Cannabis: a. Keep Some Black Pepper on Hand If you find yourself combating paranoia and anxiety, a simple household ingredient found in kitchens and restaurants everywhere can come to your rescue: black pepper. Many swear by the black pepper technique. Just sniff or chew on a few black peppercorns and it should provide moderate relief. Others swear by smelling lemon peel or clove spice. b. Hydrate Whether you prefer water or juice, make sure you have some water or beverage on hand (preferably non-caffeinated and definitely not alcohol). This will help circulation and help you combat dry mouth and allow you to focus on a simple and familiar act – sipping and swallowing. c. Take a Shower or Bath While it’s not always feasible if you’re out and about or at a friend’s house. If you’re at home, try taking a nice shower or bath as a really pleasant option to help you relax and increase blood flow. d. Keep Calm and Rest Find a calm, quiet place where you can rest and breathe deeply. Remember, the intense discomfort or disorientation you’re feeling will pass. Take deep full breaths in through your nose and out through your mouth. Focus on the sound of your breath and just rest a while. Sometimes sleeping it off can be the best alternative to stopping a strong high, but it’s not always easy to turn your brain off. Once you’ve found a quiet area, lay down and let yourself relax. If drowsiness and sleep are quick to onset, take a little nap to rejuvenate yourself. Should you be unable to fall asleep, just get comfortable until you feel strong enough to spring back up. e. Try Going for a Walk If you can’t turn your brain off, sometimes a change of scenery and some fresh air to get your blood pumping will help invigorate you. Just remember to stay close to your immediate “safe” surroundings, we don’t want you wandering off and getting lost while you’re feeling anxious and/or paranoid. And refrain from taking a walk if you’re feeling too woozy or light-headed to stand; instead, lay down for a while. f. Try Some CBD Cannabidiol (CBD) is an excellent anxiety-fighting compound, and for many people it can be used to counteract too much THC by modulating the brain receptor associated with THC.


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g. Distract Yourself All of the activities that seem so entertaining and fun while high are also a great way to distract yourself while you try to come back down to earth. Some suggestions include:

• Watch a funny cartoon,

• Listen to your favorite music album,

• Play a fun video game,

• Talk to your friends (who are hopefully right by your side, reassuring you),

• Snuggle with your significant other, or…

• Eat something delicious. Whatever distractions you prefer, make sure it’s a familiar activity that gives you warm fuzzy emotions. Your brain will hopefully zone in on the positive feelings and give you a gentle reminder that you are safe and just fine.

1.7 SOME THINGS DON’T MIX Using alcohol and cannabis at the same time is likely to result in greater impairment than when using either alone. Because these drugs have synergistic effects, combining them can result in an increased potential to act impulsively, have poor judgment, or engage in behaviors that can lead to accidents and serious consequences. One would also expect that combining these two drugs increases the potential for drug-related blackouts, memory issues, and long-term cognitive problems that are associated with the use of either drug.

1.8 WHEN YOU’VE HAD TOO MUCH The symptoms of using too much cannabis are similar to the typical effects of using a normal amount of cannabis, but more severe. These symptoms will include: confusion, fatigue, anxiety, paranoia, panic, accelerated heart rate, crease blood pressure and nausea/vomiting. If someone is having trouble breathing, or is unresponsive, call 911.

1.9 KNOW WHERE YOU CAN AND CANNOT CONSUME Most Medical Marijuana States have laws of where you can and can’t consume. Public spaces, federal lands, and your car are not places to use medical cannabis. Your home is the safest place to use medical cannabis.

1.10 DON’T DRIVE UNDER THE INFLUENCE By law, impaired drivers can be charged with DUI in all 50 States. If you are smoking cannabis wait at least 6 hours before driving. If you are ingesting wait at least 8 hours before driving.


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Figure 1-1. Medical Marijuana Flow Chart.


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SECTION 2 REGISTERING FOR MEDICAL MARIJUANA

2.1 OVERVIEW As of August 2019, there were an estimated 3.5 million medical cannabis users nationally, and in 2019 three quarters of people in the United States live with some kind of cannabis legalization. Using cannabis for medical or recreational use requires the user to be somewhat knowledgeable and sophisticated about its use. It’s not like taking an aspirin to relieve pain nor like drinking 3 beers to get a buzz.

Figure 2-1. Regional Legalization of Cannabis.

2.2 WHO IS ELIGIBLE TO USE MEDICAL MARIJUANA In States that approve Medical Cannabis, any resident 21 years or older whose healthcare provider, or marijuana doctor, approves medical cannabis as a treatment option for a qualifying medical condition is eligible to register with the State Board Medical Marijuana Commission as a patient. An ongoing criminal record will bar you from the program.

2.3 WHAT ARE THE QUALIFYING MEDICAL CONDITIONS Any condition that is severe, for which other medical treatments have been ineffective, and if the symptoms “reasonably can be expected to be relieved” by the medical use of Cannabis. In addition, if the patient has a chronic or debilitating disease or medical condition that causes severe loss of appetite, wasting, severe or chronic pain, severe nausea, seizures or severe or persistent muscle spasms, or glaucoma or Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), then they are potential candidates for this program.


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Here is a near-complete list of ailments that may qualify in your State:

• Appetite loss, wasting,

• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,

• Autism,.

• Cancer, including remission therapy,

• Crohn’s disease.

• Damage to the nervous tissue of the central nervous system (brain-spinal cord) with objective neurological indication of intractable spasticity, and other associated neuropathies,

• Dyskinetic and spastic movement disorders,

• Epilepsy,

• Glaucoma,

• HIV / AIDS,

• Huntington’s disease,

• Inflammatory bowel disease,

• Intractable seizures,

• Multiple sclerosis,

• Muscle spasms,

• Nausea,

• Nerve damage,

• Neurodegenerative diseases,

• Neuropathies.

• Opioid Use Disorder for which conventional therapeutic interventions are contraindicated or ineffective, or for which adjunctive therapy is indicated in combination with primary therapeutic interventions,

• Pain, severe chronic or intractable pain of neuropathic origin or severe chronic or intractable pain,

• Parkinson’s disease,

• Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PDST),

• Seizures,

• Sickle cell anemia,

• Terminal illness.


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2.4 GENERAL REGISTRATION PROCESS 21-YEARS AND OLDER

NOTE An ongoing or substantial criminal record will bar you from the program.

2.4.1 Submit Application a. You must have either a valid State Driver’s License or State ID Card. b. You must have a valid, accessible email account. c. Approval indicates you are registered with your State’s Marijuana Commission Board. You must still obtain a valid written certification to purchase medical marijuana. d. Once approved, registration is normally valid for 2-years, depending on state. Fees are normally required.

2.4.2 Obtain Certification Medical cannabis cannot be purchased without a valid written certification from a provider (Marijuana Doctor) registered with your State’s Marijuana Commission Board. A Marijuana Doctor will charge a fee. Certifications are valid for normally 2-years.

NOTE In some Medical Marijuana States, if nothing is dispensed from a certification with 120-days of issues, the certification expires and you will need to obtain a new certification from your doctor.

2.4.3 Visit Dispensary After your registration has been approved by your State’s Marijuana Commission Board and your provider has issued you a valid written certification, you are ready to visit a licensed dispensary to purchase medical cannabis. Note: Some States require you to carry a Medical Marijuana Card which normally costs around $50. On average, your 30-day purchase limits are 120 grams of usable cannabis (primarily dried flower) and 36 grams of THC in Medical Cannabis-infused products.

2.5 REGISTRATION FOR PATIENTS UNDER 21-YEARS OF AGE Some States allow exemptions to the legal age limit in cases of chronic illness. The standard rule for patients under 21-years of age are required to have at least one caregiver assigned to their accounts at all times. Only parents or legal guardians 21 years of age and older are eligible to serve as caregivers for these patients. In those States that allow it, caregivers will most likely have to register for the Medical Marijuana Program and complete a background check before being approved.


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2.6 DEFINITIONS

2.6.1 Marijuana Doctor Marijuana doctor is a physician with all of the rights and privileges to practice in your state. They may have a specific specialty like oncology, or they may be a general practitioner. A marijuana doctor is experienced in medical practice and is no different from the other doctors you see except they are willing and qualified to recommend medical marijuana. In most states, it is the marijuana doctor is a "middle man" who authorizes the use of cannabis and lets the State know the patient is qualified to receive it.

2.6.2 Cannabis Dispensaries Medical cannabis dispensaries are designed to give patients a secure location to procure information and cannabis grown to treat ailments. They’re usually regulated and taxed differently than recreational cannabis outlets, and for this reason, prices of cannabis may vary between the two. The interior design of medical dispensaries is typically closer to a doctor’s office than a typical storefront. Come prepared with the proper documentation and questions related to cannabis and your illness. Here’s what you need to know before visiting your local medical dispensary:

• You will need a doctor’s recommendation, medical cannabis certification, and/or whatever proper documentation is required by your State.

• Typically, you must be 21 or older to qualify for a medical authorization, but exceptions may be made in some States for minors with particularly debilitating conditions. A legal guardian is required.

• You will usually register with a medicinal dispensary. This is to keep your medical cannabis recommendation or certification on file for legal and regulatory purposes.

• There will be a waiting room. This is to control the flow of patients and product, but a simple dividing wall also gives patients privacy and direct one-on-one contact with a “budtender” to candidly discuss medical issues.

• Many times, but not always, your purchases will be tracked by medical dispensaries. This process can help budtenders and patients track effective medicine as well as have a living record of producers and products for future reference and follow-up.

• Medicinal dispensaries usually allow you to smell and examine the buds before purchase. This may vary from State-to-State.


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SECTION 3 GUIDE TO USING MEDICAL MARIJUANA

3.1 OVERVIEW

Medical marijuana is cannabis and cannabinoids that are prescribed by physicians, or medical marijuana doctors, for their patients. The use of cannabis as medicine has not been rigorously tested due to production and governmental restrictions, resulting in limited clinical research to define the safety and efficacy of using cannabis to treat diseases. Preliminary evidence however since 2013 suggests that cannabis can reduce nausea and vomiting during chemotherapy, improve appetite in people with HIV/AIDS, reduce chronic pain and muscle spasms, help with sleep, combat digestive problems, and even help depression.

Cannabis is a flowering plant that has fibrous stalks used for paper, clothing, rope, and building materials; leaves, flowers, and roots used for medicinal purposes; and seeds used for food protein and fuel oil. Cannabis leaves and flowers are consumed in several forms: dried flower buds or various types of concentrated, loose, or pressed resin extracted from the flowers or leaves through a variety of methods. Once mature, the plant’s leaves and flowers are covered with trichomes, tiny glands of resinous oil containing cannabinoids and terpenes that provide physical and psychoactive effects.

3.2 THE BODY’S ENDOCANNABINOID SYSTEM

When it comes to cannabinoid-based medicine, people often think of the two major cannabinoids: THC and CBD. Most people however, are unaware that the human body has its own system for processing and even creating its own cannabinoids known as the Endocannabinoid System. The Endocannabinoid System is found throughout the brain and nervous system and is involved with appetite, pain modulation, digestion, reproduction, motor learning, stress, and memory.

Figure 3-1. The Endocannabinoid System.


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There are several different types of cannabinoids that the Endocannabinoid System can act on. a. Endocannabinoids – These are natural cannabinoids that your body produces on its own. b. Phytocannabinoids – Phytocannabinoids are produced by the cannabis plant. This includes things like THC (tetrahydrocannabinol), CBD (cannabidiol), CBN (cannabinol), etc. c. Synthetic cannabinoids – These are laboratory produced cannabinoids such as those found in your pharmaceutical products like nabilone or Sativex. A prescription for a cannabinoid product can sometimes help you make up a deficiency within your Endocannabinoid System. If your body is not producing enough endocannabinoids then we can sometimes supplement the deficiency with those cannabinoids found in plants or created synthetically. Both endogenous (created within) and exogenous (external) cannabinoids bind with receptors in the Endocannabinoid System. There are two primary types of receptors in the Endocannabinoid System known as the CB1 and CB2 receptors. CB1 receptors are typically found in the brain and throughout the nervous system. Cannabinoids that target these receptors can have an effect on motor learning, coordination, pain modulation and metabolism. CB2 receptors are primarily found in the immune system and thus are thought to act in a primarily protective role. Ultimately the interaction of cannabinoids with your cannabinoid receptors will determine how treatment will affect you as a medicinal cannabis patient. Due to the complexity of the Endocannabinoid System, it may require trial and error to determine what product may best suit you.

3.3 TYPES OF CANNABINOIDS AND TERPENES The first identified and best-known cannabinoid is THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol). THC has the most significant psychoactive effect of the cannabinoids. The ratio of THC to other cannabinoids varies from strain to strain. While THC has been the focus of breeding and research due to its various psychoactive and therapeutic effects, non-psychoactive cannabinoids have physiologic effects that can be therapeutic. Concentrations or percent of each type of cannabinoid ranges widely from plant-to-plant and strain-to-strain. Here is a list of other cannabinoids:

• Tetrahydrocannabinolic Acid (THCA) is the non-intoxicating precursor that becomes THC when exposed to heat over a prolonged period of time. THCA that’s found in the cannabis plant won’t make you feel high. THCA converts to THC through decarboxylation, which occurs when cannabis is exposed to heat or sunlight.

• Cannabidiol (CBD) relieves convulsions, inflammation, anxiety and nausea, and has many of the same therapeutic qualities as THC but without psychoactive


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effects. It is the main cannabinoid in low-THC cannabis strains, and modern breeders have been developing strains with greater CBD content for medical use.

• Cannabidiolic Acid (CBDA) is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid and the acidic precursor to CBD. CBDA converts to CBD through decarboxylation, which occurs when cannabis is exposed to heat or sunlight. CBDA shows promise as an anticonvulsant, anti-nausea and vomiting agent, analgesic and anti-inflammatory. CBDA may also have antibacterial, antioxidant and cancer preventing properties.

• Cannabinol (CBN) is mildly psychoactive, decreases intraocular pressure, and seizure occurrence and helps with sleep disorders. THC deteriorates and becomes CBN over time.

• Cannabichromene (CBC) is known as a cancer fighter; promotes analgesic effects (pain relief) and has sedative (calming) effects. In a 2013 study, CBC had a positive effect on neural stem progenitor cells (NSPCs), cells essential to healthy brain function.

• Cannabigerol (CBG) has sedative effects and antimicrobial properties, as well as lowers intraocular pressure. The pressure created by the continual renewal of fluids within the eye. The intraocular pressure is increased in glaucoma.

• Tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) is showing promise for type 2 diabetes and related metabolic disorders.

In addition to cannabinoids, other cannabis plant molecules are biologically active. A few other molecules known to have health effects are flavonoids and terpenes or terpenoids (the flavor and smell of the strain). Cannabinoids, terpenoids, and other compounds are secreted by the glandular trichomes found most densely on the floral leaves and flowers of female plants. For more information on cannabinoids and terpenes and their influence, see Appendix A.

NOTE The “Entourage Effect” is the mechanism by which numerous compounds present in cannabis, which are largely non-psychoactive by themselves, modulate or influence the overall psychoactive effects of THC, giving a more synergistic and wider range of experience than THC alone.

3.3.1 More on CBD Today the therapeutic properties of CBD are being tested and confirmed by scientists and doctors around the world. A safe, non-addictive substance, CBD is one of more than a hundred “phytocannabinoids,” which are unique to cannabis and endow the plant with its robust therapeutic profile. CBD is closely related to another important medicinally active phytocannabinoid: THC, the compound that causes the high that cannabis is famous for. CBD can actually lessen or neutralize the psychoactive effects of THC, depending on how much of each


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compound is consumed. Many people want the health benefits of cannabis without the high, or with less of a high. The fact that CBD is therapeutically potent as well as non-intoxicating, and easy to take as a CBD oil, makes it an appealing treatment option for those who are cautious about trying cannabis for the first time. Many people are seeking alternatives to pharmaceuticals with harsh side effects, medicine more in synch with natural processes. By tapping into how we function biologically on a deep level, CBD can provide relief for chronic pain, anxiety, inflammation, depression and many other conditions. Extensive scientific research, now much of it sponsored by the U.S. government, and mounting anecdotal accounts from patients and physicians highlight CBD’s potential as a treatment for a wide range of maladies, including (but not limited to):

• Autoimmune diseases (inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis),

• Neurological conditions (Alzheimer’s, dementia, Parkinson’s, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, Huntington’s chorea, stroke, traumatic brain injury),

• Metabolic syndrome (diabetes, obesity),

• Neuropsychiatric illness (autism, ADHD, PTSD, alcoholism),

• Gut disorders (general, wasting, colitis, Crohn’s Disease),

• Cardiovascular dysfunction (atherosclerosis, arrhythmia),

• Skin disease (acne, dermatitis, psoriasis).

CBD has proven neuroprotective effects and its anti-cancer properties are being investigated at several academic research centers in the United States and elsewhere. A 2010 brain cancer study by California scientists found that CBD “enhances the inhibitory effects of THC on human glioblastoma cell proliferation and survival.” This means that CBD makes THC even more potent as an anticancer substance. Also, in 2010, German researchers reported that CBD stimulates neurogenesis, the growth of new brain cells, in adult mammals.

3.4 TYPES OF CANNABIS Though cannabis is biologically classified as the single species Cannabis Sativa, there are at least three distinct plant varieties: Cannabis Sativa, Cannabis Indica, and Cannabis Ruderalis, though the last is rare. There are also Hybrids, which are crosses between Sativa and Indica varieties. Cannabis used for fiber is typically referred to as hemp and has only small amounts of the psychoactive cannabinoid THC, usually less than 1%. Genetic “breeders” of the cannabis seed have developed thousands of different strains of cannabis from these three varieties. There are marked differences between Sativa, Indica, and hybrid. Today, we mostly find Hybrids. It can be difficult to find pure Indica or Sativa, but they will be either Sativa dominant or Indica dominant.


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Figure 3-2. Cannabis Leaves.

All types of medical cannabis produce effects that are more similar than not, including pain and nausea control, appetite stimulation, reduced muscle spasm, improved sleep, and others. But individual strains will have differing cannabinoid and terpene content, producing noticeably different effects. Many people report finding some strains more beneficial than others. For instance, strains with more CBD tend to produce better pain and spasticity relief. As noted above, effects will also vary for an individual based on the setting in which it is used and the person's physiological state when using it. In general, Sativas and Indicas are frequently distinguished as follows:

3.4.1 Sativas The primary effects are on thoughts and feelings. Sativas tend to produce stimulating feelings, and many prefer it for daytime use. Some noted therapeutic effects from use of Sativas:

• Stimulating/energizing,

• Increases sense of well-being, focus, creativity,

• Reduces depression, elevates mood,

• Relieves headaches/migraines/nausea,

• Increases appetite,

• Some noted side-effects from use of Sativas include increased anxiety feelings and increased paranoia feelings. Be mindful that this is a common occurrence and will pass over time.


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3.4.2 Indicas The primary effects are on the body. Indicas tend to produce sedated feelings and pain relief, and many prefer it for night-time use. Some noted therapeutic effects from use of Indicas:

• Provides relaxation/reduces stress,

• Relaxes muscles/spasms,

• Reduces pain/inflammation/headaches/migraines,

• Sedating effects, promotes sleep,

• Reduces anxiety,

• Reduces nausea, stimulates appetite,

• Reduces intra-ocular pressure,

• Reduces seizure frequency/anti-convulsant.

NOTE Some noted side-effects from use of Indicas include feelings of sleepiness and “fuzzy” thinking. Also, “couch lock” is a common side effect of smoking or ingesting Indica cannabis strains. When in a couch lock position, the user feels fine just melting into the couch or sitting there, nothing to do; just enjoying the eternal moment.

3.4.3 Hybrids Hybrids are strains bred from crossing two or more varieties, with typically one strain being slightly dominant within the mix. Crosses are reported to be very dynamic, taking on many characteristics from both strain families. For example, a Sativa-dominant cross may be helpful in stimulating appetite and relaxing muscle spasms at the same time.

3.4.4 Know Your Variety Cannabis comes in many varieties, roughly divided between Sativas that originated near the equator and Indicas that come from northern latitudes, though modern breeding programs have created a wide range of Hybrids. Each variety has its own cannabinoid and terpene profile and subtly different effects. Whether you use Sativa-dominant, Indica-dominant, or a Hybrid it makes a difference. Take note of what effect each variety produces for you, therapeutic and side effects.

NOTE Get to know the different varieties. Explore the different Strains of Cannabis. SEE HERE: https://www.leafly.com/start-exploring

https://www.leafly.com/start-exploring�


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3.4.5 Other Information and Recommendations on Cannabis • Use higher potency cannabis so you use less medicine. Concentrates can be

useful, particularly if you need higher doses.

• For concentrates, use a glass pipe made for cannabis concentrates.

• Experiment with high CBD strains, particularly for nausea, appetite, and pain.

• Take a medicine vacation occasionally. While cannabis does not produce tolerance in the way opiates do, reducing or ceasing cannabis use can yield enhanced effects when restarted. Either reduce or stop for however long it feels comfortable for you.

• Change the variety if the one you're using seems to be losing its effectiveness.

• Keeping a cannabis journal is a great way to help you maximize the power of knowledge concerning your wellness or medical regimen. Documenting strains and effects are crucial, as well as the amount used and its medical properties.

• Whenever possible, choose organic cannabis products. Never consume cannabis that has been treated with pesticides.

3.5 EFFECTS There are many factors that impact the effect of cannabis. One individual may feel stress relief, while another feels energized and on-task. These influences are:

• Amount used (dosage),

• Strain of cannabis used and method of consumption,

• Environment/setting,

• Experience and history of cannabis use,

• Biochemistry,

• Mindset or mood,

• Body type, and

• Nutrition or diet.

3.5.1 Head High The term “head high” is associated with a timeless euphoric state and an altered sense of perception. This state can be characterized by bouts of creativity, inward exploration, and the formulation of deep thoughts often coupled with an ability to analyze things on a higher level. Individuals experiencing a head high often report a heightened sense of perception. Those experiencing a head high often experience an increased heart rate. Normally associated with Sativa or Sativa-dominant strains of cannabis.


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3.5.2 Body High The term “body high” is associated with the alleviation or absence of pain and a relaxed stress-free feeling in the body when smoking or ingesting cannabis. Similar effect to an anti-inflammatory drug like aspirin. Body aches and pains go away. Some people experience a warm floating feeling. Normally associated with Indica or Indica-dominant strains of cannabis.

NOTE Head High and Body High go together in some proportion, either head-high dominant, body-high dominant, or balanced condition.


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SECTION 4 METHODS OF CONSUMPTION

4.1 OVERVIEW Cannabis can be used in more ways than simply smoking it in a cigarette or joint. The delivery methods are important considerations for medical marijuana. There are three basic delivery methods: Inhalation, Oral, and Topical. Under these different methods are various techniques that serve unique functions, each appropriate for different uses and outcomes.

Figure 4-1. Several Different Delivery Methods.

So, how long does a high last? For most people, a high will last about 2-3 hours if smoked and up to six hours if you eat it. The equation below are the factors that determine how long your high will last: Length of High = ( (dose x concentration) / (metabolism x tolerance) ) x delivery method

4.2 INHALATION DELIVERY METHODS This ancient custom is the method most commonly associated with cannabis, and there are many different ways for consumers to smoke in the modern era. When cannabis is inhaled, the gases enter the lungs before absorbing into the bloodstream. Because the effects are noticed or felt quickly in the inhalation process, this is a good way to get immediate relief and find the best dose for you. Research has shown that smoking cannabis does not increase your risk of lung or other cancers, but because it entails inhaling tars and other potential irritants, it may produce unpleasant bronchial effects such as harsh coughing. Smoke as little as possible. Try 1-to-3 inhalations and wait 10


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to 15 minutes to find the right dosage and let the drug take effect. Increase dosage if necessary. Cannabis smokers have a wide array of devices at their disposal, including hand pipes, water pipes, rolling papers, hookahs, and homemade one-time use devices. Each of these provides different experiences and influence the grade of smoke inhaled. There are currently two prevalent types of inhalation methods: smoking and vaporization.

4.2.1 Hand Pipes Hand pipes are probably the most common smoking device in circulation today and generally favored for their convenience: they are small, portable, and simple to use. Hand pipes have grown into an artistic expression and are available in countless creative forms and styles, both for decoration and functionality. Hand pipes operate by trapping the smoke produced from burning cannabis, which is then inhaled by the user.

Figure 4-2. Hand Pipe.

Most cannabis hand pipes have a hole off the side of the bowl. The hole is called a "carb." First and foremost, the carb allows you to introduce air at the right moment. As you light the dry herb and begin to inhale, you should be covering the carb hole with your thumb. So, when you finally move your finger and continue to inhale, the air helps to push the smoke into your lungs. It clears the chamber of most heavy smoke and allows some air (mixed with smoke) to enter the lungs. Keeping the hole covered will allow heavy-laden smoke to enter the lungs, which will probably be uncomfortable.

4.2.2 Water Pipes Water pipes come in slightly different variations, including but not limited to bongs and bubblers. Like hand pipes, these come in a variety of styles and designs but increase in sophistication by incorporating water. The health benefits associated with the addition of water are still questionable. Water cools the smoke, but it’s still uncertain how effective the filtering is. However, users say they experience a smoother smoke.


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Figure 4-3. Water Pipe.

4.2.3 Rolled Papers Rolled papers are generally used to smoke joints or blunts. Joints are cannabis rolled in a paper, the composition of which varies across an assortment of plants including but not limited to hemp, bamboo, and rice. Blunts are cannabis rolled in cigar paper made from the tobacco plant and contain nicotine. Blunt consumers often prefer the flavor and combined effects of the nicotine and cannabis; however, the medical risks linked to nicotine deter most health-conscious cannabis consumers.

Figure 4-4. Rolled Papers.


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4.2.4 Hookahs Hookah pipes are one of the less common methods of smoking cannabis and is generally associated with smoking shisha, the American term for wet tobacco. Cannabis is rarely smoked alone in a hookah because its low water content causes the plant to burn faster than it can be inhaled, producing an acrid taste and wasting the herb. For economically-conscious smokers, this is likely the prominent concern as large quantities of cannabis are needed to yield the same results as other smoking methods. To resolve this, cannabis is sandwiched between tobacco, introducing the same health concerns associated with blunts. However, the hookah does allow multiple people to smoke at the same time, significantly changing the smoking experience.

Figure 4-5. Hookah.


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4.2.5 Vaporizers

Vaporizers are the logical choice for moderate to experienced and/or health-conscious cannabis consumers. A vaporizer, which includes vape pens-cartridges, steadily heats herbs to a temperature that is high enough to extract THC, CBD, and other cannabinoids, but the temperatures are too low for the potentially harmful toxins that are released during combustion. Essentially, vaporization minimizes the health risks associated with smoking. This improvement comes with an equally significant reduction in odor, which is generally the first acknowledgement of first-time vaporizer users. There is a diverse landscape of vaporizer models and the market is only expanding as the technology improves. (CLICK HERE FOR HEALTH CONCERNS WITH VAPE PENS)

There are multiple elements that distinguish vaporizer designs, markedly portability and product. As the market grows, so does the efficiency and quality of portable models, which generally fall short to fixed models (requiring an outlet power source) in durability and robustness. The form of cannabis product is the other primary component: many vaporizers take cannabis concentrates which come in a variety of forms, including oil and wax. These can be added manually or using cartridges, depending on the design.

Figure 4-6. Vaporizers.

A younger delivery method that is a point of contention amongst the cannabis community and attentive policy makers is dabbing. Dabbing is a form of vaporization in which potent cannabis concentrates are dropped on a heated nail, creating vapor that is trapped in a glass globe and inhaled. Although there are obvious health benefits associated with clean concentrates over combustible flower, concerns arise from dabbing’s image and the intense effects of high-THC extracts.

4.3 ORAL DELIVERY METHODS

The effects associated with smoking are widely debated, but health professionals are in total agreement that smoke-free methods pose less risk and are medically preferred. Oral delivery includes all techniques that are administered through the mouth, including tinctures, ingestible oils, and infused food/drinks. We most often assume that oral delivery denotes ingestion through the digestive tract before entering the bloodstream,

https://www.analyticalcannabis.com/articles/is-vaping-marijuana-safe-311898


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but this is not always the case. Tinctures are essentially a topical application that is administered through the mouth, and they are immediately absorbed into the bloodstream unlike edibles or drinks.

4.3.1 Tinctures Tinctures are a liquid cannabis extract used by consumers looking for dosage control and fast-acting effects without the health risks associated with smoking. Most commonly, alcohol is used as the solvent (any proof greater than 80 can be used effectively), but other fat-soluble liquids can be used as well, such as vinegar or glycerol. Generally, three or four drops of the tincture are placed under the tongue, where it’s absorbed into the body versus swallowed and digested. When ingested, tinctures are immediately absorbed in an empty stomach but require time to process through the liver, reducing dosage control.

Figure 4-7. Cannabis Tinctures.

4.3.2 Ingestible Oils Ingestible oils are a happy medium between edibles and concentrates: they are swallowed and digested like an infused product, but often have the consistency of oil. These oils can either be eaten or put in easily-ingested capsules. One popular oil is Rick Simpson Oil (RSO), which originated in 2003 when Simpson used concentrated cannabis to treat his skin cancer. RSO is made by extracting the therapeutic compounds of cannabis with alcohol and then evaporating the solvent, leaving behind a tar-like substance resembling oil.


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Figure 4-8. Cannabis Capsules.

4.3.3 Edibles Eating or drinking cannabis provides significantly different effects from delivery methods that immediately enter the bloodstream, such as smoking or vaping. Edibles can be defined as any food that contains cannabis, whether or not the cannabinoids are bioavailable. There are many types on the market today; example: cookies, candy, mints, just to name a few. These products have longer onsets and tend to cause powerful full-body, psychoactive effects. It can take from 20 minutes to 3-hours to feel the effects depending on the edible and when you’ve last eaten. The effects can last up to 6-hours. Product packaging normally gives you a clue about dosing.

Figure 4-9. Cannabis Edibles.


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CAUTION Edibles in particular pose a threat to “Rookie” users because they deliver larger doses of THC than inhaling, and, once ingested, the user has little choice but to ride it out.

Please read packaging for correct dosage before ingesting. Normally one (1) item/unit is the correct dosage. More than one can have a negative effect and make it harder to perform routine activities.

Figure 4-10. Proper Dosing Guidance.

Lastly, as the prevalence of cannabis grows, so does the presence of flower in the kitchen. Infused food and drinks can be made a variety of ways depending on the dish. Most often, edibles in the home are infused with a staple infused ingredient high in fat like butter, coconut oil, or olive oil — that enable extraction of the plant’s therapeutic properties. Adding tinctures to dishes is another great option for dosage control and simplicity. Generally however, cooking with cannabis flower can be difficult because of the complication associated with cannabinoid activation (including sensitive heating temperatures and times, and sufficient solvent fat).

WARNING Homemade cannabis foods must be labeled clearly and with recommended dosage. Keep all edibles away from children.

4.4 TOPICAL DELIVERY METHODS

4.4.1 Cannabis Topicals Topicals are cannabis-infused lotions, balms, and oils that are absorbed through the skin for localized relief of pain, soreness, and inflammation. Because they’re non-intoxicating, topicals are often chosen by patients who want the therapeutic benefits of cannabis without the cerebral euphoria associated with other delivery methods.


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Figure 4-11. Cannabis Topical.

4.4.2 Transdermal Patches Transdermal patches offer a new and unique way to consume cannabis outside the usual edibles, flower, and vape pens. With their immediate infusion into the bloodstream, they’re a convenient and quick option to address your THC, CBD, and CBN needs. All you have to do is unwrap, peel off the plastic wrapping, and stick it on. Made in single dose patches ranging from 10-20mg CBD, THC, or CBN, Mary’s Medicinals’ Transdermal Patches offer variety to suit your individual cannabis preferences. With a super-fast onset and lasting-controlled duration, these patches will stick with you through long days and well into the night.

Figure 4-12. Transdermal Patches.


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APPENDIX A


A-1

APPENDIX A

CANNABINOIDS, TERPENES, STRAINS, AND REFERENCES

Figure A-1. Cannabinoid Wheel Chart.


A-2

CBN Pain relief, Anti-insomnia, Promotes growth of bone cells, Antibacterial, Anti-inflammatory, Anti-convulsive, Appetite stimulant

Figure A-2. Cannabinoid Wheel CBN Supplemental Information.

Table A-1. List of Major Terpenes in Cannabis.

NAME AROMAS EFFECTS MEDICAL BENEFITS

Carene cypress, tangerine, earthy

memory retention and mental sharpness.

effective contributor towards combating fibromyalgia, arthritis, and osteoporosis.

Caryophyllene pepper, wood, spice unknown

muscle spasms, pain, insomnia, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant

Geraniol rose, geranium, citronella oil

neuro repair

antioxidant, anti-tumor, neuro-protectant, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-viral, anti-spasmodic

Humulene subtle earthy, woody unknown

anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-tumor

Limonene lemon, citrus, orange

stress relief and elevated mood.

mood enhancement, heartburn, depression, gastrointestinal, anti-fungal

Linalool lavender, floral spice

calming and sedating, promotes relaxation and sleep

stress, insomnia, anxiety, depression, pain convulsions

Myrcene mango, cloves, musk relaxing and sedating anti-fungal, anti-bacterial,

antiseptic, anti-inflammatory

Ocimene herbaceous, woodsy, orchids

antiseptic anti-viral, anti-fungal, decongestant, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anxiety

Pinene forest pine, alertness, memory retention

antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, asthma relief, pain

Terpinolene

sage, rosemary

drowsiness, sedative effect

insomnia, reduction in anxiety, cancer reduction, antioxidant, anti-microbial, brain tumor


A-3

Below is a list of some popular strains. Please note, in the EFFECTS, MEDICAL, and NEGATIVES categories, the first attribute listed carries the most weight and dwindles as you read from left-to-right, top-to-bottom in each rectangle square.

NOTE Some names don’t fully express the attributes of the cannabis strain and perpetuate a negative stereo-type image. For Example: Green Crack and AK-47 are great medicinal strains with names that place an emphasis on getting high. Pay more attention to “qualities and descriptions” when doing your research, rather than the names themselves for a more accurate description.

Table A-2. List of Some Popular Strains. STRAIN NAME EFFECTS MEDICAL NEGATIVES

SATIVA

Acapulco Gold Happy, Uplifted, Energetic, Creative, Euphoric

Stress, Depression, Fatigue, Lack of Appetite, Pain

Dry Mouth, Dry Eyes, Anxious, Dizzy, Paranoid

Green Crack Energetic, Happy, Uplifted, Focused, Euphoric

Depression, Stress, Fatigue, pain, Headaches

Dry Mouth, Dry Eyes, Anxious, Paranoid, Dizzy

Harlequin Relaxed, Focused, Happy, Uplifted, Energetic

Pain, Stress, Depression, Inflammation, Fatigue

Dry Mouth, Dry Eyes, Headache, Anxious, Dizzy

Jack Herer Happy, Energetic, Uplifted, Euphoric, Focused

Stress, Depression, Pain, Fatigue, headaches


Cinex Uplifted, Energetic, Happy, Focused, Euphoric

Headaches, Depression, Stress, Pain, Lack of Appetite, Fatigue

Dry Mouth, Dry Eyes, Dizzy, Paranoid, Anxious

Sour Diesel Happy, Energetic, Uplifted, Euphoric, Relaxed

Stress, Depression. Pain, Fatigue, Headaches


INDICA

Blueberry Relaxed, Happy, Sleepy, Euphoric, Uplifted

Stress, Pain, Insomnia, Depression, Headaches

Dry Mouth, Dry Eyes, Dizzy, Headache, Paranoid

Bubba Kush Relaxed, Sleepy, Happy, Euphoric, Hungry

Stress, Insomnia, Pain, Depression, Lack of Appetite

Dry Mouth, Dry Eyes, Paranoid, Dizzy, Anxious

G13 Relaxed, Happy, Euphoric, Hungry, Uplifted

Stress, Pain, Depression, Lack of Appetite, Insomnia

Dry Mouth, Dry Eyes, Headache, Dizzy, anxious

Granddaddy Purple

Relaxed, Sleep, Euphoric, Happy, Hungry

Stress, Insomnia, Pain, Depression, Lack of Appetite

Dry Mouth, Dry Eyes, Dizzy, Anxious, Headache

Lavender Relaxed, Happy, Sleepy, Euphoric, Uplifted

Stress, Pain, Insomnia, Depression, Headaches

Dry Mouth, Dry Eyes, Dizzy, Headache, Anxious


A-4

Table A-2. List of Some Popular Strains – Continued. STRAIN NAME EFFECTS MEDICAL NEGATIVES

HYBRID

AK-47 Happy, Relaxed, Euphoric, Uplifted Creative

Stress, Depression, Pain, Insomnia, Lack of Appetite


Blue Dream Happy, Relaxed, Euphoric, Uplifted, Creative

Stress, Depression, Pain, Headaches, Fatigue

Dry Mouth, Dry Eyes, Anxious, Dizzy, Paranoid

Gelato Relaxed, Happy, Euphoric, Uplifted, Creative

Stress, Depression, Pain, Lack of Appetite, Insomnia

Dry mouth, Dry Eyes, Anxious, Paranoid, Dizzy

GSC Happy, Relaxed, Euphoric, Uplifted, Creative


Dry mouth, Dry Eyes, Dizzy, Anxious, Paranoid

Lemon Kush Happy, Relaxed, Euphoric, Uplifted, Hungry

Stress, Depression, Pain, Lack of Appetite, Insomnia

Dry mouth, Dry Eyes, Paranoid, Dizzy, Anxious

Original Glue Relaxed, Euphoric, Happy, Uplifted, Sleepy


Dry Mouth, Dry Eyes, Dizzy, Anxious, Paranoid

OG Kush Relaxed, Happy, Euphoric, Uplifted, Sleepy

Stress, Pain, Depression, Insomnia, Lack of Appetite

Dry Mouth, Dry Eyes, Dizzy, Paranoid, Anxious

Pineapple Express Happy, Uplifted, Relaxed, Euphoric, Energetic

Depression, Stress, Pain, Fatigue, Lack of Appetite

Dry Mouth, Dry Eyes, Paranoid, Anxious, Dizzy

White Gold Uplifted, Happy, Euphoric, Relaxed, Focused

Stress, Pain, Depression, Lack of Appetite, Nausea

Dry Eyes, Dry Mouth, Paranoid, Anxious, Dizzy


A-5

Table A-3. List of References.

NO. REFERENCE

1 National Institute of Health (NIH) https://nccih.nih.gov/health/marijuana

2 Safe Access2 https://safeaccess2.org/patientfocusedcertification/

3 NORML https://norml.org/

4 The National Cannabis Industry Association https://thecannabisindustry.org/

5 Leafly https://www.leafly.com/

6

Cannabis Pharmacy: The Practical Guide to Medical Marijuana https://www.amazon.com/Cannabis-Pharmacy-Practical-Medical-Marijuana/dp/031646418X/

https://nccih.nih.gov/health/marijuana�

https://safeaccess2.org/patientfocusedcertification/�

https://norml.org/�

https://thecannabisindustry.org/�

https://www.leafly.com/�

https://dixieelixirs.com/products/�

https://www.amazon.com/Cannabis-Pharmacy-Practical-Medical-Marijuana/dp/031646418X/�

https://www.amazon.com/Cannabis-Pharmacy-Practical-Medical-Marijuana/dp/031646418X/�

https://www.amazon.com/dp/B01M1S0IDG/�

introduction to medical marijuana - cosmic-om · marijuana, it does not specifically reflect each...

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