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Introduction to Oracle Database 11g –The Innovation ContinuesPat ShuffSolutions ArchitectOracle Corporation

BROUGMay 17, 2007

Sample Oracle Innovations

• Automatic Storage Management

• Flashback technologies

• XMLDB

• Application Express

• Real Application Clusters

Oracle Database Innovation

Audit Vault Database Vault Grid Computing Self Managing Database XML Database Oracle Data Guard Real Application Clusters Flashback Query Virtual Private Database Built in Java VM Partitioning Support Built in Messaging Object Relational Support Multimedia Support Data Warehousing Optimizations Parallel Operations Distributed SQL & Transaction Support Cluster and MPP Support Multi-version Read Consistency Client/Server Support Platform Portability Commercial SQL Implementation

1977 2007

30 years of sustained innovation …

… continuing with Oracle Database 11g

Oracle’s Mission

Deliver the best informationwith the highest Quality of Service at the lowest cost

Oracle’s Mission

Deliver the best informationwith the highest Quality of Service

at the lowest cost

Oracle Database must be the fastest, most scaleable, most

reliable,most secure, easiest to use,for all types of information…

The following is intended to outline our general product direction. It is intended for information purposes only, and may not be incorporated into any contract. It is not a

commitment to deliver any material, code, or functionality, and should not be relied upon

in making purchasing decisions.The development, release, and timing of any

features or functionality described for Oracle’s products remains at the sole

discretion of Oracle.

Managing Storage and Data

Managing & Using Information

Maintaining Availability, Security and Performance

Managing Systems And Managing Change

ManagingStorage

andData

Automatic Storage Management

• The preferred and best storage manager for Oracle Databases

• Easier to manage than file systems• Performance of raw volumes• Built-in to Oracle database • Shared storage pool for all databases

• Free, and widely adopted• >65% of 10g RAC deployments on ASM

• >25% of 10g customers already using ASM

• Many VLDB over 10TB

ASM DiskASM Disk

ASM DiskASM Disk

ASM Disk

Automatic Storage Management

• Spreads database files evenly across storage arrays

• Storage arrays can be easily added or remove• transparent data redistribution

• Data mirrored across arrays• Tolerates failure of disks or arrays

New ASM features in Oracle 11g:• ASM Fast Disk Resync• ASM Preferred Mirror Read• ASM Rolling Upgrade• Larger extent, allocation unit sizes

ASM DiskASM Disk

ASM DiskASM Disk

ASM Disk

• Oracle 9i compresses data only during bulk load; useful for DW and ILM

• Oracle 11g compresses w/ inserts, updates• Typical compression ratio of 2x to 3x• Database directly reads compressed data

eliminating decompression overhead• Strategy: compress db’s 10 largest tables

• Shrink table data by 50%, increase CPU by 5%

• Savings cascade to all db copies: test, dev, standby, mirrors, archiving, backup, etc.

Data Compressionfor All Applications

Oracle SecureFilesHigh-Performance Large Objects

• High-performance transactionalaccess to large object data• documents, medical, CAD, imaging …• low-latency, high throughput, concurrent access• space-optimized storage

• Protect your valuable data .. in the db!• transactions• transparent encryption• compression and de-duplication• database-quality security, reliability, and scalability

• Better security, single view and management of data• Superset of LOB interfaces – easy migration

020406080

100120

0.1 1 10 100

LOBs

Linux Files

SecureFiles

• Innovative technology for high performance large object data•Smart buffering, write gathering, intelligent locking

•Fast bulk data transfers, LOB prefetch

• Much faster than LOBs with more capabilities

• File system-like performance with database functionality!

File Size (MB)

SecureFiles Breaks thePerformance Barrier!

File Read Performance(MB/second)

DatabaseEncryption

• Encrypt at a column level (10g)

• New: encrypt entire tablespaces

• Redo, undo, backups also encrypted

• Key management done by database

• Transparent to applications

Growing Data Volumes

Source: 2005 TopTen Program, November 2005 © Winter Corporation, Waltham, MA, USA

0

20

40

60

80

100

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

DatabaseSize(TB)

Size of the largest data warehouse in

Winter Corp Survey245% increase

from 2003to 2005!

Information Lifecycle ManagementOptimize storage cost and performance

• Use Flashback Data Archive for long-term storage of “old” data

• Use table, index partitioning to separate data into different tiers

• Use new ILM assistant to establish policies, create scripts

DIGITAL DATA STORAGE

High Performance Storage Tier

Low CostStorage Tier

Online ArchiveStorage Tier

Active Less Active Historical Archive

Offline ArchiveStorage Tier

Flashback Data ArchiveTotal Data Recall

• Tamper-proof data archive• Efficient storage and

retrieval of undo • Keep data for months,

years, decades!• Fast access to even very

old data• View data, versions of

rows as of any time

• Control data retention time, purging of data

User Tablespaces

Flashback Data Archive

Oracle 11g Database

Select * from orders AS OF ‘Midnight 31-Dec-2004’

Changes ArchiveArchiveTablesTables

Flashback Data ArchiveTotal Data Recall

• Access Historical Data –”AS OF”

• Generate Reports –“ROW VERSIONS”

• Information Lifecycle Management (ILM)

• Auditing• Data Recovery• Enforce Data Retention

Policies

User Tablespaces

Flashback Data Archive

Oracle 11g Database

Select * from orders AS OF ‘Midnight 31-Dec-2004’

Changes ArchiveArchiveTablesTables

Oracle Partitioning10 years of innovation

Core functionality

Oracle8 Range partitions, global range index

Oracle8i Hash and composite range-hash partitioning

Oracle9i List partitioning

Oracle9i R2 Composite range-list partitioning

Oracle 10g Global hash indexes

Oracle 10g R2 1M partitions per table

Oracle Partitioning10 years of innovation

Core functionality

Oracle8 Range partitions, global range index

Oracle8i Hash and composite range-hash partitioning

Oracle9i List partitioning

Oracle9i R2 Composite range-list partitioning

Oracle 10g Global hash indexes

Oracle 10g R2 1M partitions per table

Partitioning by referenceVirtual column partitioningNew composite partitioning: range-range, list-range, list-list, list-hash

New PartitioningFeatures

• New composite partitioning schemes

• Partition (or index) on virtual (computed) columns • Partition advisor• Automatic range partition creation• Partition by REFERENCE (primary key of parent)

Range List Hash

Range 11g 9i 8i

List 11g 11g 11g

Partitioningby REFERENCE

Table ORDERS

Jan 2006

... ...

Feb 2006

Table LINEITEMS

Jan 2006

... ...

Feb 2006

• RANGE(order_date)• Primary key order_id

• RANGE(order_date)• Foreign key order_id

• Partitioning key inherited through PK-FK relationship

• Avoids redundant storage, maintenance of order_date

Well-tunedSQL &

Schema

Partitioning Advisor

• Considers entire query workload to improve query performance

• Advises on partitioning methods • Range (equal-interval), range

key and interval• Hash, hash key

• Integrated, non-conflicting advice with Indexes, MVs

SQL Workload

PackagedApps

Custom Apps

SQL Advisor

SQL PlanTuning

SQLStructureAnalysis

AccessAnalysis

SQLProfile

SQLAdvice

Indexes& MVs

PartitionAnalysis

Partition Advice

New!

Oracle ILM Assistant

• Manages your ILM environment via a GUI interface• Define lifecycle definitions• Manage security & compliance

• Advises when data needs to be moved, generates scripts• Requires Oracle Application Express• Supports Oracle Database 9i and up• Tool downloaded from OTN (available now!)

• Oracle storage suite built-out over last decade

• Each component continuously enhanced to add more value

• Best of breed in each area

8.0 8i 9i 9.2 10g 10.2 11g

• RMAN• Data Guard

• Flashback• XML DB, ILM, Compression

• ASM, RMAN Disk Backup

• Oracle Secure Backup, Encryption

• Secure Files

Oracle’s Storage Strategy –Sustained Innovation

Managingand

UsingInformation

Managing All Your Information

• Oracle Strategy: evolve the Oracle database to manage all enterprise Information• Meld db and file metaphors• Enable integration of all enterprise

information sources• Enable rich information retrieval

capabilities• Provide solutions built on top of

the database

• Uniform management of content and metadata• Scalable, secure, highly available,

integrated, robust, available on all platforms

MultimediaMultimedia management

Location & SpatialLocation and Proximity Searching

Secure Enterprise SearchEnterprise Search Solution

XML DBIntegrated Native XML Database

Text & OntologyText and Semantic Processing

RelationalCharacters, Numbers, Dates, LOBs

Content DBEnterprise Content Management

Oracle XML Support

• SQL access to XML content and XML access to relational content

• Flexible native XML storage delivers optimized application performance

• Repository integration enables document centric access, security and integrity and development

• Full support for key XML standards including the W3C XQuery recommendation and SQL/XML

Extending Oracle’sXML Lead

Comprehensive XML storage and indexingand efficient end-to-end XML processing

• Binary XML - Compact and efficient storage representation• Complements existing object storage and text storage models• XMLtype storage format transparent to developer• Single, compact XML representation across client, mid-tier, db• Plan to place our Binary XML format into open source

• XML Path Indexing for schema-less XML documents

Performance

Extending Oracle’sXML Lead

Performance improvements in many areas

• Recursive schema handling• Scalable XSL output• XQuery and SQL/XML query optimization with

schema-less XML• XML update optimizations• Asynchronous XML index updates

Performance

Extending Oracle’sXML Lead

Enhanced productivity and flexibility

• Standards Support• XQuery 1.0 support• XDB as HTTP Server – expose PL/SQL as Web Services• Content Repository API for Java (JSR 170) support• Support for JCR 1.0, SQL:2007• XLink/Xinclude support

• XMLDB Repository Triggers

XML application development

Extending Oracle’sXML Lead

Making XMLDB Mainstream

• XML type support in streams & logical standby

• In-place XML schema evolution

• XML language translation support

• Asynchronous XMLindex updates

• Large text node handling

Operational completeness

Oracle XMLDB –Sustained Innovation

1998 2001 2004 2007

Pe

rfo

rma

nc

e

XMLXMLStorage &Storage &RepositoryRepositoryXMLXML

API’sAPI’s

XQueryXQuery

Binary XMLBinary XMLStorageStorage

& Indexing& Indexing

Multimedia and Spatial Enhancements

• New spatial features• 3-D geometry, surface, and point cloud

storage and indexing • Spatial web services• Spatial routing engine enhancements• Scalability, manageability, reliability,

usability enhancements

• Multimedia and medical imaging • 3X performance improvement for

common image processing operations• Large media handling (up to 128 TB)• DICOM medical imaging support • Java Advanced Imaging (JAI) support

Text andSemantic Technology

Oracle Text• Enterprise Manager support• Incremental, online indexing• Web services• Composite indexes speed text,

relational queries• User-defined relevance ranking• More advanced new multilingual

and linguistic support, including Arabic and Hebrew

Semantic Technology• Query using concepts and terms

related to a keyword • applications in life sciences,

defense, health care, enterprise information integration

• New in 11g:• Improved query/optimizer

support• Improved bulk loading• native, lightweight OWL

inferencing

• Detail data is stored in tables• Applications use SQL queries• Summary data is managed in

cubes (like materialized view)• Databases manages cube refresh

as data changes• Fast, incremental• Cost-based aggregation

• SQL queries automatically re-written to access the cube

• Application is unchanged, but updates and queries are faster

SQL QuerySQL Query

Fast OLAP via SQLCubes as Materialized Views

• Any SQL application can leverage OLAP Option performance

• Cube technology is optimized for business intelligence• Excellent performance for ad-hoc

query loads• Highly optimized incremental refresh

and aggregation• Content rich calculations are easily

queried with SQL

• Seamless fit with warehouse administration process

SQL QuerySQL Query

OLAP for EveryData Warehouse

Oracle Record of OLAP Innovation

SQL Star Queries

Cubes but noSQL access

SQLViews over

Cubes

TransparentSQL Rewrite

to Cubes

Oracle Data MiningEnhanced, Automated, Simplified

• Enhanced data mining in SQL• Eases application use of models

• Data Models as schema objects• simpler administration, security

• Java API standards compliance• Automated and embedded data

transformations• (aka “Supermodels”)• eases model building and scoring

• New predictive analytic data mining procedures • Regressions, segmentation, profiling,

groupingOn-the-fly Data Mining in SQL

Find the top 5 stores that are the furthest below forecast

SELECT store_id, loc, sales, forecast FROM

(SELECT * FROM

(SELECT s.*, PREDICTION (CREATE REGRESSION FOR sales USING *)OVER () as forecast FROM stores)

ORDER BY forecast-sales)

WHERE ROWNUM < 6;

Enhanced SQL –PIVOT and UNPIVOT

• Rotate rows into columns and vice versa• Create aggregated cross-tabular result set• Use to combine multiple rows to one, enabling inter-row computations

without self-join`

PROD QUARTER AMOUNT

Shoes Q1 2000

Shoes Q2 1000

Jeans Q1 1000

Jeans Q3 500

Jeans Q3 100

Jeans Q4 1000

PROD Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Shoes 2000 1000 Null Null

Jeans 1000 Null 600 1000

SELECT * FROM salesPIVOT (sum(amount) FOR quarter in ‘Q1’,’Q2’,’Q3’,’Q4’);

1977

Oracle8i Text Spatial Media

Oracle9i XML DB Repository SQL/XML

Oracle8 VLDB LOB’s Object-

relational Extensibility

Oracle 10g ULDB Location

Services XQuery

Oracle 11g Secure Files Ontology DICOM Secure Search Binary XML XML Index

1999

2001

2004

20072007

ALL Your Data –Sustained Innovation

Maintaining Availability,

Security and Performance

The Availability Challenge

System Changes

Data Changes

PlannedDowntime

Storage Failure

Human Error

Corruption

Site Failure

Server Failures

UnplannedDowntime Data

Failures

Server Scale-Out withReal Application Clusters

• Great scalability & availability• Pools standard low cost servers,

improves server utilization• Runs applications unchanged• 1000s of production customers

Designed to Tolerate Server Failures

Pool of database servers

Active/passiveclustered servers

New: 11g fine tunes performance, scaling,fail-over, management

Storage Scale-Out withAutomated Storage Management

• ASM pools storage from modular storage arrays

• Automatically remirrors when disk or array fails

Designed to Tolerate Storage Array Failure

Pool of Storagefor all databases

Dedicateddisks fordatabasestorage

New: 11g fine tunes recovery from corrupt blocks and crashed storage arrays

Error Investigation with Flashback

• Flashback Query• Query all data at point in time

Tx 1

Tx 2

Tx 3

select * from Emp AS OF ‘2:00 P.M.’where …

• Flashback Versions Query• See all versions of a row

between times• See transactions that changed

the row

select * from empVERSIONS BETWEEN‘2:00 PM’ and ‘3:00 PM’where …

Error Correction with FlashbackCorrect errors at any level

• Flashback Database – restore database to time

• Flashback Table - restore contents of tables to time

Database

Customer

Order

New: Flashback Transaction –back out transaction and all

subsequent conflicting transactions

Data Recovery Advisor

• Diagnoses persistent data failures

• Presents appropriate repair actions

• Intelligently determines plan for recovery, selecting repair option

• Data file restore/recovery, media recovery, Flashback database, etc.

• Validates plan w.r.t. availability of media components required

• Can automatically apply planTime to Repair

Recovery

Investigation and Planning

Reduces Downtime by Eliminating Confusion

Uncertainty and confusionduring an outage causes

delays and errors

Customers Don’t Benefitfrom Disaster Recovery

• Cost – choose no DR, or under-configure DR

• Rarely used – so little confidence in fail-over

• Data loss – leads to downstream problems

• Slow – faster to fix problems than fail-over

• Limited protection – site failures only

Oracle Data Guard –Practical Disaster Protection

• Synchronous or asynchronous log shipping• Corruptions don’t propagate• Configurable for zero data loss• Automatic fail over in seconds to standby (10.2)• Uses far less bandwidth than remote mirroring• Thousands of production customers

ProductionDatabase

StandbyDatabase

Log

Shipping

Snapshot Standby

• Use Standby Database for testing and development

• Eliminates cost of DR

• Preserves zero data loss while in test/dev mode

• But no real time query or fast failover

Physical Standby Apply Logs

Snapshot Standby Perform Testing

Continuous Redo Shipping

Open Database

Back out Changes

Real-Time Query withPhysical Standby

• Previously available with Logical Standby• Available with Physical Standby in 11.1• Handles all data types, very fast, simple operation• Eliminates cost of DR: all hardware used for production

Real-time Queries

ProductionDatabase

Logical orPhysicalStandbyDatabase

Continuous

Log Shipping

ContinuousReal-Time

Query

Benefits of Data Guardfor Disaster Recovery

• No cost – hardware and software

• Zero data loss - over long distances

• Fast Automatic Failover

• Covers all common failures – not just site failures

• Works transparently for existing applications

Bonus – Big Reduction in Planned Downtime

Reducing Planned Downtimefor System Changes

• Scaling Servers on Demand • Add RAC nodes online w/o data movement

• Scaling storage on demand• Add ASM disks online w/ auto data rebalancing

• Online patching• RAC rolling upgrades for complex patches, CPUs• Rolling upgrades w/ standby for patch sets, version

changes

Database

Storage

New: simple one-off patches can be applied to a running Oracle instance

Data Security: Oracle Products

IdentityManagement

• Oracle Identity Management

DataProtection

• Advanced Security• Secure Backup

AccessControl

• Database Vault• Label Security

Monitoring• Audit Vault• EM Configuration Pack

Core Platform Security

Oracle Advanced Security

Transparent Data Encryption

• Column level encryption (10gR2)

• Tablespace level encryption• For encrypting entire application data

• Supports foreign keys and range scan

• LOB encryption

• Master Key protection in hardware using PKCS #11

Oracle Database Vault

• Controls privileged users, enforces separation of duties• Administrators can’t access application data• Site-specific controls limit access by any user

Coming soon for Oracle9i, 10g, 11g

DBA

FIN DBA Fin Realm

HR DBA

Fin

HR Realm HR

HR DBA

CREATE …

Outside business hours

FIN user

SELECT …

Unexpected IP address

Oracle Audit Vault

9i, 10gR1,10gR2 ApplicationsNon

Oracle DB

OS

Secure AuditWarehouse

Monitor

Policies

Report/Alert

Console

Audit Collectors

App Server

Collector SDK

Enterprise-wideAudit Solution for

Compliance & Security

• Collects audit info from multiple sources

• SDK for customization

• Monitor security-sensitive activities

• Tamper-evident repository

• Alerting policies

Coming soon

Core DatabaseSecurity Enhancements

• Secure configuration by default

• Password management settings

• Audit sensitive administrative operations

• Stronger password verifier

• PKI / Kerberos authentication for super privileged DBAs

1977 2007

Oracle Audit Vault Oracle Database Vault

DB Security Evaluation #19 Transparent Data Encryption EM Configuration Scanning Fine Grained Auditing (9i) Secure application roles Client Identifier / Identity propagation Oracle Label Security (2000) Proxy authentication Enterprise User Security Global roles Virtual Private Database (8i)

Database Encryption API Strong authentication (PKI, Kerberos, RADIUS) Native Network Encryption (Oracle7) Database Auditing Government customer

Oracle Database SecuritySustained Innovation

Sustain Optimal Performance with Self-Managing Database

Sto

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Ba

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p

Me

mo

ry

Ap

ps

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L

Sc

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ma

RA

C

Re

co

ve

ry

Re

plic

ati

on

Auto-TuningTuning

Advisory

InstrumentationLow Impact

Integrated

Adaptive

Sustain Optimal Performance with Self-Managing Database

Sto

rag

e

Ba

cku

p

M

em

ory

A

pp

s/S

QL

Sc

he

ma

R

AC

Re

co

ve

ry

Re

plic

ati

on

Auto-TuningTuning

Advisory

InstrumentationLow Impact

Integrated

Adaptive

Automatic SQL Tuning

• Captures high-load SQL

• Tunes SQL by creating SQL profiles

• Optionally implements greatly improved SQL plans

• Reports analysis

• Runs runs in maintenance window

Nightly

Well-tunedSQL

SQL Workload

PackagedApps

Custom Apps

Automatic SQL Tuning

SQLProfiles

SQLAnalysis

Report

Manually implement

AutomaticMemory Tuning

• Automatically adapts to workload changes

• Maximizes memory use efficiency

• Adjusts PGA, SGA, o/s memory

• Single dynamic memory parameter

• Helps eliminate out-of-memory errors

OS Memory

DB Process Memory

DB Shared Memory

OS Memory

DB Shared Memory

DB Process Memory

Database Result Cache

Table 1

Table 2 Table 3

join

join

Group by

• Automatically caches results of queries, query blocks, or pl/sql function calls• Cache is shared across statements and sessions on server• Significant speed up for read-only / read-mostly data• Full consistency and proper semantics

• Cache refreshed when any underlying table updated

query 1executes

Database Result Cache

Table 1

Table 2 Table 3

join

join

Group bycachedresult

• Automatically caches results of queries, query blocks, or pl/sql function calls• Cache is shared across statements and sessions on server• Significant speed up for read-only / read-mostly data• Full consistency and proper semantics

• Cache refreshed when any underlying table updated

result iscached

Database Result Cache

• Automatically caches results of queries, query blocks, or pl/sql function calls• Cache is shared across statements and sessions on server• Significant speed up for read-only / read-mostly data• Full consistency and proper semantics

• Cache refreshed when any underlying table updated

Table 5 Table 5

join

Table 4

join

Group by

joinquery 2 uses cachedresult transparently

Table 1

Table 2 Table 3

join

join

Group bycachedresult

Database Result Cache

Table 1

Table 2 Table 3

join

join

Group by

Table 5 Table 5

join

Table 4

join

Group by

join

cachedresult

• Automatically caches results of queries, query blocks, or pl/sql function calls• Cache is shared across statements and sessions on server• Significant speed up for read-only / read-mostly data• Full consistency and proper semantics

• Cache refreshed when any underlying table updated

query 2 uses cachedresult transparently

Other TransparentPerformance Improvements

• Auto-compiled PL/SQL and Java• Compression for all data• XML performance improvements• Spatial, multimedia and semantic

optimizations• Streams performance improvements• SecureFiles faster than files or LOBs• RAC and ASM optimizations

Managing Systems and

Managing Change

<Insert Picture Here>

“The art of progress is to preserve order amid

change and to preserve change amid order.”

Alfred North Whitehead:Principia Mathematica

Lifecycle of Change Management

Make Change

Set Up TestEnvironments

Test

Diagnose & Resolve

Problems

Preserve Order Amid Change

Patches & Workarounds

Diagnose Problems

Provision for Production

Database ReplayRealistic Testing

• Recreate actual production database workload• Capture production workload incl. concurrency • Replay workload in test with production timing• Analyze & fix issues before production

Middle Tier

Capture DB Workload

Storage

OracleDB servers Replay DB

Workload

ProductionEnvironment

Test (RAC)Environment`

SQL Performance Analyzer

Capture SQL

Storage

OracleDB servers

ExecuteSQL

Queries

ProductionEnvironment

Test (RAC)Environment`

Realistic Testing• Test impact of change on SQL performance

• Capture SQL incl incl. statistics & bind vars

• Re-execute SQL in test environment

• Use SQL Tuning Advisor to seed SQL plans

Oracle Enterprise Manager 10g R3

O/S

Database

Middleware

Applications

• Configuration Management

• Service Level Management

• Application Performance Mgmt

• Lifecycle Management

• Dashboards

• Integrated view of applicationsand infrastructure

• Manage service levels,diagnostics and remediation

• Automate capacity on demand • Simplify deployment

Oracle 10g R3 Grid Control

Reliable Deployment Automatic provisioning

from gold image

• Greatly simplify RAC provisioning with automation

• Single click RAC scale-out and scale-back

• Provision full RAC and Clusterware systems • Configures entire stack• Pre-requisite checks &

automatic fix-ups

Create production system

Stage Gold Image

2

3

11

Create reference system

Scale-out RAC nodes

4

Patch Automation

Proactively search Metalink for relevant patches

EM Support Workbench

Apply patch

Download available patch

Alert DBA

Reliable Deployment Proactive advisories from

Oracle Metalink

• Patches acquired based on configurations and feature usage (new in 11g DB)

• Stage once in library for multiple deployments

• Best practice driven patching

• Rolling patching support for RAC/ASM/Clusterware (new in 10gR3 Grid Control)

Automatic Diagnostic WorkflowDiagnostic Repository

Apply patch / workaround Use Repair Advisors

If unknown issue

Package incident & configUse Repair Advisor

Auto Incident Creation First-Failure Capture

Alert DBA Run Health Checks

Reduce Time to Problem Resolution

Error!

Check Metalink

If known issue

EM Support Workbench

• Highest Quality of Service• Performance• Scalability• Availability• Security

• Lowest Cost• Easier to Manage• Reduce risk of change

The preceding is intended to outline our general product direction. It is intended for information purposes only, and may not be incorporated into any contract. It is not a

commitment to deliver any material, code, or functionality, and should not be relied upon

in making purchasing decisions.The development, release, and timing of any

features or functionality described for Oracle’s products remain at the sole

discretion of Oracle.

Q&A