introduction to plant biology. first off: what is a plant? domain? kingdom? categories?
DESCRIPTION
What does a plant need? Water Sunlight NutrientsTRANSCRIPT
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Introduction to Plant Biology
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First off: What is a plant?
Domain?
Kingdom?
Categories?
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What does a plant need?
Water
Sunlight
Nutrients
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How do they get them?
Plant cells are specially designed to help the whole plant get everything it needs
These cells make up the plant structure, which is designed to optimize photosynthesis, hydration, and nutrition
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Recall: Eukaryotic Cells
What are some things that all eukaryotic cells have? What do these things do? 2 mins
Eukaryotic cells have: A Nucleus, DNA in Chromosomes, Mitochondria, Golgi Bodies, Cell Membranes, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Ribosomes, Vesicles, and proteins of all kinds doing all sorts of different things
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What a plant cell different?
A large, central vacuole
A cell wall composed of cellulose
Chloroplasts, which allow the plant to convert solar energy into sugars
Plasmodesmata, which allow plant cells to communicate
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Large Central Vacuole
Filled mostly with water
In standing plants, gives the plant internal support to allow rigidity (called turgor) Demo
Also used as a massive storage space, for wastes, cellular materials, and water
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Cell Wall Composed of Cellulose
Cell wall has a similar function in plants to that in bacteria:
Protects the plant cell against physical damage, and gives it external structural support to form its shape
However, made of different material... Cellulose!
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Structure of Cellulose
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In contrast... Bacterial Cell Wall
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Chloroplasts
Chloroplasts use the following formula to convert sunlight into sugars:
Sunlight + CO2 + H2O C6H12O6 + O2
Sugars then link up to form starch, which is how they are stored until they are needed
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Aside: Endosymbionts
Endo = Inside/Within, Sym = Together, Biosis = Living
Chloroplasts (and mitochondria) are thought to have evolved as their own little microscopic organisms, with their own genome and their own structure
At some point in cellular history, they were absorbed by a distant eukaryotic ancestor, and now are used to perform metabolic tasks inside our cells
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Plasmodesmata
Occur only in plants living as multicellular organisms
They are pores between plant cells, which allow the transport of nutrients, wastes, proteins and RNA
Can also allow viral particles to get through...
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Recall: TMV
Can transport itself between targets using the plasmodesmata as a way through
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In Summary:
Plants are not bacteria Nucleus, Membrane-Bound Organelles, Cellulose
Plants are not protists Complex, Multicellular, Plasmodesmata, Differentiated
Plants are not animals Cell Wall, Chloroplasts, Photosynthesis, Vacuole
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Plants are Plants!