introduction to protection fundamentals · pdf fileintroduction to protection fundamentals 32...

1
Introduction to Protection Fundamentals 32nd Annual Hands-On Relay School 16-March-2015
Brent Carper, PE Engineering Manager Relay Application Innovation, Inc. Adjunct Professor Washington State University [email protected]

2 2
Agenda HRS Schedule & Logistics Overview of Protective Relaying Fundamentals of Protection Zones of Protection, Coordination, Reliability, Compliance
Tools of Protection Basic Power Equations, 3-Phase Power Equations Per Unit System, Phasor Diagrams, Symmetrical Components
Relay Types Classifications, Construction, Considerations, ANSI Device Numbers
Applications Distribution, Transmission, Busses, Transformers, Generators & Motors

3 3
Schedule: Basic Track Monday 8:15am Introduction to Protection Smith CUE 203 9:40am Break 10:00am Introduction to CT Basics and Testing Smith CUE 203 11:00am Introduction to Substation Print Reading Smith CUE 203 12:00am Lunch 1:00pm Basics of Relay Test Equipment Sloan 175 1:45pm Introduction to Troubleshooting Sloan 175 3:00pm Break 3:10pm GE IAC53 relay EME B54 5:00pm Adjourn 5:00pm Optional social event Birch & Barley Restaurant

4 4
Schedule: Basic Track Tuesday 7:30am Concurrent Open Lecture #1 Smith CUE 8:40am Concurrent Open Lecture #2 Smith CUE 9:40am Break 9:50am Concurrent Open Lecture #3 Smith CUE 11:00am Concurrent Open Lecture #4 Smith CUE 12:00pm Lunch 1:00pm ABB RC relay EME B54 3:00pm Break 3:10pm ABB CA relay EME B54 5:00pm Adjourn 6:30pm Suppliers Showcase University Inn, Moscow

5 5
Schedule: Basic Track Wednesday 7:30am ABB IRD9 relay EME B54 10:00am Break 10:10am ABB IRD9 relay (continued) EME B54 12:00pm Lunch 1:00pm Basler BE1-27/59, and BE1-46N relays EME B54 3:00pm Break 3:10pm Basler BE1-81O/U relay EME B54 5:00pm Adjourn 6:00pm Banquet and Entertainment University Inn, Moscow

6 6
Schedule: Basic Track Thursday 7:30am GE BDD relay EME B54 10:00am Break 10:10am GE BDD relay (continued) EME B54 12:00pm Lunch 1:00pm SEL-551 relay EME B54 3:00pm Break 3:10pm SEL-551 relay (continued) EME B54 5:00pm Adjourn

7 7
Schedule: Basic Track Friday 7:30am Closing Remarks Smith CUE 203 7:45am Feature Presentation: Smith CUE 203 The Salem Smart Power System 9:00am Break 9:15am Feature Presentation: Smith CUE 203 Metcalf Substation 10:30am Adjourn

8 8
Schedule: Basic Track Summary After lunch today: Across campus to Sloan 175 Tomorrow morning: Pick 4 lectures. Smith CUE Tomorrow afternoon: Across campus to EME B54 Wednesday and Thursday: EME B54 Friday: Smith CUE
Reminders
Parking Fast lunch / light lunch Be on time Stay with the program. Get everything out of HRS.
Tips to a great HRS Embrace the variety Learn what other utilities do Share knowledge and stories

9
Protective Relaying What: What are we protecting Why: Why do we need protection When: Speed, selectivity, dependability Where: The equipment used to perform protection How: Applying protective relaying

10 10
Protective Relaying What: What are we protecting?

11 11
Protective Relaying Why: Why do we need protection?

12 12

13 13
http://www.agweb.com/assets/1/10/GalleryMainDimensionId/powerlines7.JPG

14 14

15 15

16 16

17 17

18 18

19 19

20 20

21 21
Protective Relaying When: Speed, selectivity, dependability. Protection must: Detect an abnormal system condition React quickly Respond properly
Not as easy as it sounds! How do we detect something happening miles away? How do we react quickly enough? Electricity is traveling at (almost) the
speed of light. How do we ensure that the response action is correct? An incorrect
response could make the abnormal condition worse.

22 22
Protective Relaying When: Speed, selectivity, dependability. Protection must: Detect an abnormal system condition React quickly Respond properly
In general: abnormal means a Fault quickly means Milliseconds properly is accomplished by:
Engineering (relay application, coordination, redundancy and backup) Testing, Commissioning, Maintenance, Verification, Event Analysis

23 23
Protective Relaying When: Speed, selectivity, dependability.

24 24
Protective Relaying Where: The equipment used to perform protection.

25 25

26 26

27 27
Protective Relaying Where: The equipment used to perform protection. Relays are just one component of the Protection System Relays Circuit Breakers (or switches) Input Sources (CTs, PTs, Sensors, I/O) DC System (battery) Interconnection (wiring , controls, integration)
The best Relay Techs (and engineers) have expertise on the entire Protection System, not just the relays!

28 28
Protective Relaying How: Applying protective relaying. 1. Engineering
Applications, zones of protection, fault studies, schematic design Relay settings and logic
2. Construction and Commissioning Testing the application (not the settings) Calibration of E/M relays Functional testing
3. Maintenance for Reliability Periodic in-service load readings, relay I/O testing, E/M relay calibration, trip
checks, breaker monitoring and maintenance, battery system maintenance Event analysis Managing changes, managing relay firmware, verifying settings Cyber security

29 29
Protective Relaying How NOT to apply protective relaying
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kVXi_0H_ZzMhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gZtJ6Oxcb0o

30 30
Protective Relaying The best Relay Techs (and engineers) have expertise on the entire Protection System, not just the relays! The best Relay Techs (and engineers) do not become famous, and do not end up on YouTube!

31
Fundamentals of Protection Zones of Protection Coordination Reliability Compliance

32 32
Zones of Protection
G
G
G
M

33 33
Zones of Protection
G
G
G
M
Feeder Protection

34 34
Zones of Protection
G
G
G
M
Feeder Protection Motor Protection

35 35
Zones of Protection
G
G
G
M
Feeder Protection Motor Protection Line Protection

36 36
Zones of Protection
G
G
G
M
Feeder Protection Motor Protection Line Protection Transformer Protection

37 37
Zones of Protection
G
G
G
M
Feeder Protection Motor Protection Line Protection Transformer Protection Bus Protection

38 38
Zones of Protection
G
G
G
M
Feeder Protection Motor Protection Line Protection Transformer Protection Bus Protection Generator Protection
Overlapping Zones of Protection No Gaps. Ever. Anywhere. Period.

39 39
Zones of Protection, Backup, and Coordination
G
G
G
M

40 40
G
G
G
M
Zone1 = Instantaneous

41 41
G
G
G
M
Zone1 = Instantaneous Zone2 = Time Delayed

42 42
G
G
G
M
Zone1 = Instantaneous Zone2 = Time Delayed Zone3 = Time Delayed
Overcurrent and Impedance protection provides backup by overreaching on both transmission and distribution systems. Overreach must be coordinated using time delay.

43 43
Coordination Coordination by Reach & Time Reach Overcurrent: Determined by the pickup setting (tap) Impedance: Determined by the electrical distance (mho circle)
Time Instantaneous Definite Time (fixed time delay) Inverse Time (delay depends on the magnitude and a curve)

44 44
Coordination Time Overcurrent

45 45
Coordination Time Overcurrent

46 46
Reliability Dependability = Trips every time Security = Never false trips Increase Dependability by: Increasing sensitivity, increasing number of elements/relays used Redundant relays, dual batteries, dual trip coils Digital relay self monitoring Maintenance, reviewing events
Increase Security by: Correct applications and good design engineering Minimizing features, maintaining simplicity Maintaining calibration (e/m and solid-state) and Firmware (digita

introduction to protection fundamentals · pdf fileintroduction to protection fundamentals 32...

Documents