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Introduction

Reproductive health is a universal concern,but is of special importance for womenparticularly during the reproductive years.

Although most reproductive healthproblems arise during the reproductiveyears, in old age general health continues toreflect earlier reproductive life events.

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Introduction cont.

Men also have reproductive healthconcerns and needs though to a lesserextent

Men have particular roles andresponsibilities in terms of women'sreproductive health because of their

decision-making powers in reproductivehealth matters.

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Definition

Reproductive health is a state of completephysical, mental and social well-being, andnot merely the absence of disease or

infirmity, in all matters related to thereproductive system and to its functions andprocesses.

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Historical Perspective

1974- World population conference. Mainlyfocuses on Family planning.

1978- Alma Ata, develop the concept of PHC,

with the maternal and child health care andfamily planning as a component.

1984- Mexico meeting, family planningfacilities made more available.

1994- Cairo Conference, ICPD.

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In September 1994, International

Conference on Population andDevelopment (ICPD), held in Cairo, Egypt.The ICPD marked the beginning of theparadigm shift from the concept ofMaternal and Child Health and FamilyPlanning (MCH/FP) to Reproductive Health.

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 The core message of ICPD

Most significant achievement of the ICPDConference was to place people firmly at thecentre of development efforts, asprotagonists in their own reproductive health

& lives.

The focus of population programs should beto improve the quality of life of individuals

and meet their needs, rather than meetingdemographic targets.

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Core messages of ICPD cont.

Enhance reproductive health and promotereproductive rights rather than populationpolicies and fertility control.

Empowerment of women (including through

better access to education). Involvement of women & young people in the

development & implementation ofprograms& services

Reaching out to the poor, marginalized andexcluded.

Men assuming greater responsibility forreproductive health.

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Definition ICPD 1994

“Reproductive health is a state of complete physical ,mental and social well beings in all matter related tothe reproductive system and to its function andprocesses. Reproductive health therefore impliesthat people are able to have a satisfying and safe sex

life and that they have the capability to reproduceand the freedom to decide if , when and how often todo so. Implicit in this last condition are the right of men and women to be informed and have access tosafe , effective , affordable and acceptable method of 

family planning of their choices and the right toaccess to appropriate health care services that willenable women to go safely through pregnancy andchildbirth and provide couple with best chance of having healthy infant”. 

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Key ICPD Concepts

Reproductive Health & ReproductiveRights.

Gender Equality, Equity &

Empowerment of Women Integrating Population Concerns into

Development Planning.

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Some important reproductive right

r/t Reproductive Health

Right to lead a responsible and satisfiedsex life.

Right to reproduce and freedom todecide when and how often to do so.

Right to be informed about advantages ,

possible risks and side effects.

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Right to have free , equal andunhindered access to safe , effective ,affordable and acceptable method of

fertility regulation

Right to get access to appropriate healthservice of good quality to go throughsafe pregnancy and child birth.

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Reproductive Health Services in

Nepal Reproductive Health is not new programme

for Nepal but it has adopted different models

in the past forty year to reduce high fertility ,and high mortality and maternal mortalityrate. The original model of RH in 1970focused mainly on fertility control.

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In 1980 the relationship between fertility

and infant and child mortality was givenimportance.

A new paradigm of RH has beenemerged at the International conference

of Population and Development (ICPD)in 1994.This model encompassesbroader concept of RH that hasconsidered basic human rights , Human

development and individual well beingsat all stages of life.

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Nepal is a signatory of ICPD and

committed to itself to improveReproductive health status throughoutthe nation.

Reproductive health in Nepal has

integrated existing safe motherhood ,family planning , HIV/AIDS , STI , childsurvival , post-abortion care andadolescent reproductive health

programme .

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Component of Reproductive

HealthThe Nepal Reproductive HealthStrategy lists the followingReproductive Health issues aspriorities in its integratedReproductive Health Package.

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Family Planning

Safe motherhood

Child Health (newborn)

Prevention and management of 

complication of abortion

Reproductive tract infection/Sexually

transmitted Disease / Human Immune – 

Deficiency Virus /AcquiredImmunodeficiency Syndrome.

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Prevention and management of sub fertility. Adolescent reproductive health.

Problems with elderly women ( I.e. uterine ,

cervical and breast cancer treatment ).

Gender based violence.

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National Reproductive

Health PackageThe National Reproductive Health Package

consist of

o Family planning

o Safe motherhood

o Child health

o Prevention and complication of abortion

o RTI/STD/HIV/AIDS

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o Prevention and management of subfertility

o Adolescent reproductive health

o Problem of elderly women I.e. uterine

prolapsed , cervical and breast cancertreatment at tertiary and private level.

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Level of intervention

Family /Decision makers’ level 

Community level

Sub-health post/Health post level

Primary health care central level

District level

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Thank you