introduction to road materials part 1
TRANSCRIPT
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Lecture contentMain Concepts
a) What is road and how it's constructed b) Structure of the roadc) Responsibilities d) Main tests for soil, aggregate, concrete and asphalt
Learning How to Learna) Recommended studies b) International codes c) How to get any specification and how to deal with itd) how to perform any test
How to work a) Resume writingb) LinkedIn and how to deal with it c) Contracting companies
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A road is a path connecting two places that has been paved or otherwise improved to allow travel by sometransportations .
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The beginning of road constructioncould be dated to the time of the Romans. With the advancementof technology from carriages pulled
by two horses to vehicles.
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“Tutti le strade portano a Roma” All roads lead to Romewas being used as early .It was based off of the ancient Roman road system where roads radiated fromthe capital of Rome.
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The construction of modernhighways did not begin until the late 19th to early 20th century , the Long IslandMotor Parkway was the firstroadway design for automobile use only
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Highways Is the type of roadsdesigned to obtains the safe
movement of high-speed vehicles, through the removal of intersections.
Atlanta USA
Hannover GERBuenos Aires, Argentina.
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Aims from road construction
• Establishing a new community• Connecting between places• Extend and development current axes to prevent wasting time and money
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Road construction prior studies
1- Exploring studies :Population Number – activities –customs and tradition – favorite conveyance for transportationClimateTemperature – humidity – rains –storms - floods EnvironmentalHazards – environmental systemGeology and soilStructure – stratigraphy –sedimentology – hydrology –earthquakes – geophysics – pits – water content – classification – CBR – shear tests
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SurveySatellite images - Aerial photographs – topographic maps - GPSMaterials Sources – types - transportation TrafficVolume – classification – weights ObstructionsMountains – dams – rivers – seas – railways – villages –sand dunes – airports – factories ……etc
At the end of this stages we selecting suitable three pathsfor road
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2- Primary studiesMore detailed for above sections but work will be at the three chosen paths , making traverse for every one of them , setting in-out , then at the end of this stage we will select the best path for our road 3- Final detailed studiesMore deeply for every section in exploration studies DrawingsSoil and material studiesQuantitiesSpecifications
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ProfileHorizontal curvesprovides a transition betweentwo tangent strips of roadway, allowing a vehicle to turn at a gradual rate rather than a sharp cut
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Vertical curvesprovides a transition between two sloped roadways, allowing avehicle to negotiate the elevation rate change at a gradual raterather than a sharp cut
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Cross section Lanes – shoulders – median - sidewalks – curbs –slopes - barriers – bikeways – infrastructures
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Pavement structure
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Soil A mixture of mineral grainsAnd solid particles with liquid and gas in the empty spacebetween the solid particles
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Sampling
RepresentativeSizeTransportationInformation
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Reducing site sample to Test sizeMechanical SplitterQuartering method
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Moisture content (mc%) Oven Speedy
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Sieve analysis Sorting the grains with same diameter and determination of particle size distribution using specified sieves
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What are these numbers ?
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Distribution curve
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Atterberg Limits(soil passing #40 - 0.425 mm )
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Plastic Limit
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Liquid limitCasagrand method
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Cone penetration method
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Plasticity index PI = Liquid limit – plastic limit
Higher PIHigher plasticityHigher swellingHigher compressibilityHigher activityHigher volumetric change
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Soil classification (AASHTO) system
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Compaction Process of increasing of unit weight of soil by forcing soil solids into a dense state and decrease air voids
TestsLab ( Proctor ) In situ (sand cone – nuclear gauge )
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Proctor test (moisture – density relation)Which Moisture content will give us maximum dry densityStandard – modified
LayersBlowsWeight Heightmold
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Sand cone
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California Bearing Ratio CBRPotential strength determination
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0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45
Penetration (inches)
Lo
ad
on
Pis
ton
(p
si)
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Sand equivalentHow much clay in the sample ?
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Aggregate tests -Sampling-Sieve analysis -LL , PI-Sand equivalent -Unit weight -Flat and elongated
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- Specific gravity and absorption for coarse aggregate
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- Specific gravity and absorption for Fine aggregate
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Abrasion resistance (Los Anglos)
No.12 sieve
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Soundness test
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Bitumen
Asphalt
Natural Artificial
Tar
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Asphalt
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Penetration
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kinematic viscosity
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Softening point
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Thin Film Oven Test
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Flash point
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Marshall
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Extraction
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Density and thickness
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Cement
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hydration
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- Fineness
Sieve no 170
- Consistency of paste
- Initial setting time
- Final setting time
Initial needle
Final needle
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Compressive strength
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Concrete Suspension of coarse aggregate particles in mortar
mortarSuspension of fine aggregate particles in paste
PasteSuspension of cement particles in water
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Admixtureadd to the concrete to enhancing their properties or adding a new property
Chemical Water reducer , retarders , accelerators , plasticizers , add color
MineralFly ash – slag – silica fume
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Red , green concrete
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Concrete mixer truck
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Slump test
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Temperature
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Cube test for concrete
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Compressive strength
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Learning How to learn
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MOOC
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Recommended studies Codes How to get themHow to deal with them Places to study
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Resume
Make a timeBe brief Market yourselfFont , Format revise update
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Personal informationTarget position/career objective EducationSummary ExperienceTrainings CoursesSkills activities
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Cover letter Dear …….,(Intro )I would like to apply for position ….., kindly find attached resume .(body)I have ...(experience or education and skills ) (End) Thank you for taking the time to consider this application and I look forward to hearing from you in the near future.
Yours sincerely
Your name
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Network
Family , friends , neighbors, professors, beers
Online (companies – websites )
By hand
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Header
Experience
Summery
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Recommendation
Awards
Volunteer work
Skills & Courses
Education
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Companies
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Develop your selfApply what you learn Don’t be afraid of work problems Help others
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Further reading
Soil mechanics , CarigPrinciple of geotechnical engineering ,Barja DasConcrete technology , john newmanNeville, A.M. and Brooks, J.J.," CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY", ELBS .1990.Asphalt Institute-The Asphalt Handbook. No 4 (1989)AASHTO( American association of state highway and transportation officials)ASTM(American society of testing materials )
االختبارات المعمليه للخرسانه بالكود المصرى –كود ميكانيكا التربه –الكود المصرى للطرق
رمضان محمد على ...مقدمه فى مواد الرصف
عبد الفتاح القصبى ....ميكانيكا التربه واالساسات
خليل ابو حمد ....المواد االسفلتيه وطرق ضبط الجوده
محمد عبد هللا الريدى.......ادارة وضبط الجوده لمشروعات الخرسانة المسلحة
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Special thanks to
https://www.facebook.com/groups/ZG.UP.Team/
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Regards , AmrElgabry
eg.linkedin.com/in/amrelgabry/
https://www.facebook.com/amrelgabry17/