introduction to science 1 – the nature of science 2 – the way science works 3 – organizing...
TRANSCRIPT
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Introduction to Science
1 – The Nature of Science
2 – The Way Science Works
3 – Organizing Data
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Key Terms• Science – Knowledge obtained by observing
natural events and conditions to learn facts, principles, laws
• Technology – Application of science for practical purposes
• Law – A descriptive statement or equation that predicts events under certain conditions
• Theory – System of ideas explaining related observations and supported by evidence
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How Science Takes Place
• A scientist may perform experiments to find a new aspect of the natural world, to explain a known phenomenon, to check the results of other experiments, or to test predictions of current theories
• Examples – New materials for computer chips that make processing speeds/phones more advanced
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How Science Takes Place
• Examples – TVs were built after the early cathode ray tubes were developed in the late 19th century
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Observe
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Branches of Science
• Natural Science: Biological, Physical, Earth
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Working Together
• Different branches of science work together, along with technology
– Example: Applying newer computer-chip materials into actual designs ( Razr, self-cooled labtops )
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Laws & Theories – Always Tested
• Laws allow predictions to be made about how a system will behave under given conditions– GRAVITY
• Theories explain HOW a process takes place– PLATE TECTONICS
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Models
• Mathematics is useful to describe events
– Gravity has an equation
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Models• Models can represent physical events• Used in daily life– Hurricane trajectories– Weather predictions
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BELLWORK : 8/20/12Which popcorn is the better deal?
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Last Week
• Discussed the fundamental nature of science
• Also worked on observation skills
• Anyone observe something interesting over the weekend?
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Introduction to Science
1 – The Nature of Science
2 – The Way Science Works
3 – Organizing Data
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2 – The Way Science Works
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Science Skills
• Identifying problems
• Planning experiments
• Recording observations
• Correctly reporting data
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Critical Thinking
• Involves asking questions, making observations, and using logic
• Surprise!!
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BELLWORK : 8/20/12Which popcorn is the better deal? Discuss
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Units of Measurement
• In your notes, list 5 you can think of.
• Do these relate to length, mass, weight, time, volume
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Units of Measurement
• Scientists use standard units of measure – SI System
• Meters, grams, Seconds
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Units of Measurement• SI ( System Internationale ) used for consistency• Prefixes allow for easy converting
• EXAMPLES:• m km
• kg g
• seconds milliseconds
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Exit Pass – Unit Conversions
• Study Guide – Pg 3
• Problem 3
• Remaining Time – Problems 1, 5 & 6
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Bellwork – 08/21/12
• Study Guide – Pg 3
• Problem 3
• Finished? – Questions 1, 5 & 6
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Help with # 1, pg 3
• Microscopes – magnify ( make larger ) small objects
• Telescopes – magnify objects far away• Radio telescope – detect radio waves from objects
• Spectroscopes – separate light into a rainbow
• Ruler – finds length
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Key Terms
• Variable – A factor changing in an experiment
• Length – Measure of the straight-line distance between two points
• Volume – The space occupied by an object
• Mass – Amount of matter in an object
• Weight – Amount of gravitational force on object
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Scientific Method – Use Colors!!
• Notice there is more than time where you observe
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Are They The Same?
• Are they the same? - Hypothesis
• How can we test your hypothesis?
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Bellwork – 8/23/12
• Study Guide
• Finish pg. 3 - #2 , #4
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Introduction to Science
1 – The Nature of Science
2 – The Way Science Works
3 – Organizing Data
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Presenting Scientific Data
• Scientists use written reports and oral presentations
• To share results
• Organizing/Presenting this info is important
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Line Graphs• Show continuous changes• Time : Independent Variable
(x-axis)• Doesn’t DEPEND on anything
• Gas Volume : Dependent Variable (y-axis)
• Depends on something else
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Demonstration
• Gas-Producing Reaction
• Lots of gas at first, then slows down
• Adding Vinegar to Baking Soda makes CO2
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Bar Graphs
• Compares similar data for different items or events
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Pie Chart Graphs
• Shows parts of a whole ( or parts of 100% )
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Precision & Accuracy
• Precision: the exactness of a measurement• Accuracy: how close a measurement is to the
true value