introduction to simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim slsn intro to sim2017 faculty colette...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Introduction to SimulationLevel 1 Course
South London Simulation Network Faculty Development Framework
WelcomePlease help yourself to Tea and Coffee
![Page 2: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Faculty
Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre
Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow
Nik Karydis, Consultant
![Page 3: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Acknowledgements
• South London Simulation Network• Health Education England• International Nursing Association for Clinical Simulation and
Learning (INACSL)• Association for Simulated Practice in Healthcare (ASPiH)• Society for Simulation in Healthcare (SSH)• Society in Europe for Simulation as Applied to Medicine
(SESAM)• Centre for Medical Simulation (CMS) and Harvard Business
School, Boston
![Page 4: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Experience Survey #1Your experience teaching clinical skills
Expert +5 years teach, design, curriculum planning, published
Proficient2-5 years teach, design and contribute to sessions or course development
Competent 1-2 years skills-based teaching
Novice 0-1 years bedside teaching
![Page 5: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Experience Survey #2Your experience in simulation
Expert +5 years debrief, design, support faculty (debrief the debrief), curriculum planning,
published in the field
Proficient2-5 years debrief, design and contribute to sessions or course development
Competent 1-2 years intermittent debrief practice, some experience in other areas of sim
Novice 0-1 years experience as a participant
![Page 6: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Participant Introductions
• Your name
• Your professional background & clinical expertise
• Your favourite pastime
![Page 7: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Social Media Guidelines
• tweeters - use the hashtag
#SaILintro2sim
• tweet about your experiences - our twitter handle
@huMANikin
![Page 8: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Faculty Development Framework SLSN 2017
Level 1 -Novice
Preparatory learning (readings, observation,
experience)
Introduction to Simulation
(Two days, including basic debriefing skills)
Essential Debriefing (Debriefing with
Diamond or other model)
Introduction to Human Factors in Healthcare
Level 2 -Advanced
Advancing your Debriefing
Teaching the skills of Human Factors
Debriefing in in situ environments
Human Factors 2.0: Understanding Patient
Safety
Level 3 -Expert
Advanced reflective practice and debriefing
the debrief
Simulation as a Teaching Tool (Harvard CMS Instructor Course)
CPD or training in further models of
debriefing
![Page 9: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Faculty Development Programme
Day one•Identifying & Writing Learning Objectives
•Designing Simulation-based Training
•Delivering Simulation-based Training
Day two•Practice: Deliver & debrief your own scenario
•Evaluate Your Simulation Practice
![Page 10: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Research & the Informed Consent Process
• Simulation is an emerging field of scholarship & research
• Colleagues around South London are exploring various aspects of simulation, including links between simulation training, your learning outcomes and patient safety
![Page 11: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Research & the Informed Consent Process
• Through examination of video data, questionnaires, interviews, & focus groups, we hope to demonstrate the value of simulation in the training of healthcare professionals
• We seek your consent for all aspects of this research
• Please read the information sheet & complete the consent form
• If you do not wish to consent for any aspect of this research your training will not be affected
![Page 12: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Learning Objectives
By the end of the course, you will be able to:
• Identify & write learning objectives for clinical skills or scenario-
based simulation training appropriate to your clinical setting
• Design a clinical scenario aligned with learning objectives
• Create an effective learning environment in the workplace
• Use low technology simulators, part-task trainers or manikins to
create realistic learning opportunities
• Use basic debriefing skills to contribute to simulation learning
![Page 13: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Hopes and Concerns
![Page 14: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Course Director’s Role
• Manage schedule (stick to time)
• Manage people (the go-to person)
• Responsible for the learning environment
• Facilitator
![Page 15: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Organisation
• Venue – rooms / environment / fire exits
• Refreshments
• Bio breaks & rest breaks
• Copyright
• Cameras – live feed / accessible by centre staff only
![Page 16: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
SaIL Centre- STH
![Page 17: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Course Principles
• Your previous experience is an important asset – & the starting point for our work
• To that we add some new knowledge & practice over the course
• We are all learners, working together • We strive to create a learning environment
where it’s safe to take risks & to try new things
• Basic assumption:– Our colleagues are capable, want to do their best,
& want to improve
![Page 18: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Course Principles (continued)
• Experiential learning • Sharing our learning together
– Mistakes are ok– Curious stance
• Embedded participant• Safety • Code Phrase ‘this is not a
simulation’• Evaluation
![Page 19: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Rapid Learning Needs Assessment
In pairs:
• What topic do you hope to develop?
• What information do you need to facilitate an interactive learning session in your dept?
• Who can help you?
• What resources do you need / have?
![Page 20: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
A Few Important Reminders
• Registration & data management
• Questionnaires
• Belongings
• Phones / computers
• Check / clean equipment
• Tidy up
![Page 21: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Break
![Page 22: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Circle of Learning Modules
Evaluation and
ReviewIdentifying and
writing learning
objectives
Designing
simulation
training
Simulation
training
delivery
Stage
1
Stage
2
Stage
3
Stage
4
![Page 23: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
•Identifying and Writing Learning Objectives
Module 1
![Page 24: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Module 1:Identifying & Writing Learning Objectives
Module Objectives
Upon completion of this module, you should be able to:
• Describe learning needs assessment in the process of educational planning.
• Use different methods of learning needs assessment.
• Write simple, practical and specific learning objectives.
![Page 25: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
‘Learning is more likely to lead to change when a
needs assessment has been conducted’
Definition:
A Learning Needs Assessment (LNA) is a review of
learning and development requirements designed to
support individual, team and organisational
development. Grant, J (2001) BMJ
Where do we start? What do our learners need?
![Page 26: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Why?
• Starting point for all training design• Identify training needs• For effective learner-centred training• To determine the gap between existing & desired skills,
knowledge, abilities• Enables focussed educational interventions• Engagement of stakeholders• Funding• Evaluation
![Page 27: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
But how?
Individual / Team:
• Interviews / focus groups
• Questionnaires / Surveys
• Observation
• Self / peer assessment
• Reflection
• Formal assessment
Organisational / clinical governance:
• Critical incident analysis
• Patient / staff surveys
• Risk assessment
• Morbidity patterns
• Trust priorities
• Audit/ research data
![Page 28: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Small Group Activity
Planning your learning needs assessment• The medical director has announced a trust-wide push to
educate & inform everyone about the Sepsis Six, with a large communications campaign across the site. She also has a small budget for some training, & has asked you to help.
In pairs, consider: • What information do you need to collect?• Who from?• How do you get that information?
![Page 29: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Small Group Activity
Planning your learning needs assessment
• You have returned from a meeting with the Chief Nurse. She would like all the nursing assistants to have extended roles in venepuncture & cannulation.
In pairs, consider:
• What information do you need to collect?
• Who from?
• How do you get that information?
![Page 30: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Small Group Activity
Planning your learning needs assessment
• A consultant in obstetrics has approached you for help thinking about a training programme that she has received funding for that is intended to improve handoffs between midwives & obstetricians.
In pairs, consider:
• What information do you need to collect?
• Who from?
• How do you get that information?
![Page 31: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Great… now what?
![Page 32: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Writing Learning Objectives
• Writing clearly defined learning objectives is crucial to the design, delivery & evaluation of training
• Focus on learning (what will students learn today?)rather than teaching (What will I teach today?)
• Essential to plan, carry out, & eventually (if appropriate) assess learning
![Page 33: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Bloom’s Taxonomy, 1956The Cognitive Domain
![Page 34: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
A learning objective consists of…
Action Verb What Insert a central line
Condition How Guided by ultrasound
Criteria How Well Successfully / Safely
‘At the end of this module, participants will be able to
successfully insert a central line guided by ultrasound.’
![Page 35: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Use Bloom's taxonomy to identify verbs
• Knowledge/Remembering: define, list, recognise
• Comprehension/Understanding: characterise, describe, explain, identify, locate, recognise, sort
• Application/Applying: choose, demonstrate, implement, perform
• Analysis/Analysing: analyse, categorise, compare, differentiate
• Evaluation/Evaluating: assess, critique, evaluate, rank, rate
• Synthesis/Creating: construct, design, formulate, organise, synthesise
![Page 36: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Revisit – Our Objectives
By the end of the course, you will be able to:
• Identify & write learning objectives for clinical skills or scenario-
based simulation training appropriate to your clinical setting
• Design a clinical scenario aligned with learning objectives
• Create an effective learning environment in the workplace
• Use low technology simulators, part-task trainers or manikins to
create realistic learning opportunities
• Use basic debriefing skills to contribute to simulation learning
![Page 37: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Verbs to avoid
• Understand
• Appreciate
• Know about
• Become familiar with
• Learn about
• Become aware of
![Page 38: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Small group activityIn pairs,
• Watch the Videohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IJNR2EpS0jw
• Write three learning objectives that you think might have been intended from this video. Include one for:
1. Knowledge recall
2. Skill comprehension
3. Application (this could be a utilisation of 1 & 2)
![Page 39: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
•Designing Simulation Training
Module 2
![Page 40: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Module 2: Designing simulation training
Module Objectives
Brief overview of theory & key principles
• Define the experiential learning cycle
• Consider how learning using simulation methods can be enhanced
• Describe what is required to develop clear, engaging & clinically accurate scenarios
• Design a clinical scenario aligned with learning objectives
![Page 41: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Why simulation-based education (SBE)?
• Naturalistic learning
• Simulation
• Skill acquisition
![Page 42: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Experiential Learning Cycle (Kolb, 1984)
![Page 43: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Gibbs’ Reflective Cycle, 1988
![Page 44: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Novice to Expert
Dreyfus Model of Skill
Acquisition, 1980
![Page 45: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Deliberate PracticeEricsson, 1993
• What’s important is the amount of deliberate practice as compared to the amount of sheer practice
• Four components to achieve expert level:
![Page 46: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Activity: Experiential Learning
In pairs
– 1 x physical limitation suit
– 1 x caring role (be yourself)
• Tasks
– Feed yourself
– Assisted feeding by partner in caring role
– Give your partner feedback
– Assisted feeding again applying feedback received
• Reflect on your feelings & share on flipchart
![Page 47: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Lunch
![Page 48: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Designing Simulation Scenarios
Driven by - LNA & objectives
• Review your commission remit / the brief- what have you been asked to do?
• Generate ideas / options – involve your technical team
• Work out ‘best’ plan to trial (run through)
• Consider fidelity, mode of delivery, who will be faculty
– Develop a draft plan and share with stakeholders
• Plan a run-through date
![Page 49: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Scenario Design
Run through
• Create a draft timetable
• Develop your scenarios / teaching sessions
• Determine faculty support - inc. a technician
• Create a props/ equipment list
• Share with your faculty
• Test your scenarios with kit/ people/ timings
• Adjust and prepare to run your pilot
![Page 50: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Top tips
• Have a session/ course director
• Keep scenarios simple
• Develop a maximum amount of learning objectives– Remember that learners may have their own objectives too!
• Use the best simulator suited to your needs
• Consider timing for the session/ scenario/ debrief
• Brief your faculty & actors– All ‘roles’ should have a story
– If role playing – be subtle
– Stay in role
![Page 51: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Scenario Design Template
• Patients name / age / DOB / hospital number
• Main medical problem
• Learning goals
– Clinical
– Human Factor skills
• Narrative description/ Case overview
• Staffing / faculty
– Embedded participants/ standardized patient/ actor
– Director/ technician/ role player(s)
![Page 52: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Scenario Design Template 2
Participant outline
– Intended participants for scenario/ session
Case briefing
– To participants
Room set-up & skills station/ manikin preparation
– Position & dressing of patient (manikin) inc. cannula, catheter etc.
– Dressing the scene / specialist equipment / Special effects
Simulator operation
– Starting observations
– Observations as scenario progresses & post-interventions
• Props / consumables needed to run the scenario
![Page 53: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Scenario Design Template 3
Ensure:
• Consistency of information
• Abbreviations explained
• No jargon
• Lots of social history & background
• Explanation of medical condition where necessary
• Expected behaviours during scenario
• Keep scenarios simple
• Ensure it can be run by anyone
• Be flexible
• Be prepared for anything
![Page 54: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Activity: Scenario Design
In small groups or pairs, using template provided, write and plan for the following scenario.
Vignette:
35-year-old female admitted to the ward with pyelonephritis, prescribed co-amoxiclav and gentamicin. No previous history. Patient develops anaphylaxis on the ward.
Her partner is present as it is visiting time.
![Page 55: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
•Simulation Training Delivery
Module 3
![Page 56: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Module Three: Simulation Training Delivery
Module Objectives
At the end of this module, you will be able to:
• Create an effective learning environment in the workplace
• Use low technology simulators, part-task trainers or manikins to create realistic learning opportunities in the workplace
• Use basic debriefing skills to contribute to simulation learning
![Page 57: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Adult Learning Principles (Knowles, 1984)
http://elearninginfographics.com/adult-learning-theory-andragogy-infographic
![Page 58: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Creating the Environment for Change & Learning (Safety)
http://www.foamem.com/2014/07/13/7-simulation-pearls/
![Page 59: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Ways to Create Trust & Enhance Engagement
• Confidentiality contract- not an assessment– Free to share learning principles – but keep confidentiality personal issues shared
• Basic assumption – everyone is capable, wants to do their best & are looking to improve
• Fidelity & Realism• Mistakes are ok• Maintain a curious stance• Give people time to think & reflect• A good introduction• Orientate to the environment / equipment• Explain the learning objectives• Set ground rules • Be respectful, courteous & curious
– To each other– To self
![Page 60: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Engaging in Simulation: Realism
• Immersion / Reality
• Initial thoughts on realism?
• The Fiction Contract - Suspension of Disbelief
• Acknowledge limitations
– Simulation isn’t perfect
– Ask for buy-in
– Act as if it is – AND be yourself
– Work to resolve the problem / case presentation
– You may act differently - but it’s ok
![Page 61: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Teaching Skills: Peyton’s Four Stage Approach, 1998
• Demonstration: show skill at normal speed (no explanation)
• Deconstruction: repeat demonstration with full explanation. Encourage questions
• Comprehension: repeat demonstration with the learner providing explanation of each step & being questioned on key issues
• Performance: learner demonstrates while describing steps
![Page 62: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Exercise
• 4 Stage technique
![Page 63: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Break
![Page 64: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Debriefing for Learning
![Page 65: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
![Page 66: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
What is Debriefing?
A conversation between two or more people to review an event, real or simulated, in which participants
analyse their actions and reflect on the role of their thought processes, psychomotor skills and emotions to
improve or sustain their performance in the future.
(Center for Medical Simulation, Boston)
![Page 67: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Feedback vs. Debriefing
•Feedback: provision of information
•Debriefing: facilitated discussion of a prior event
Feedback definition
Specific information about the comparison between a trainee’s observed performance & an expected
standard, given with the intent to improve the trainee’s performance.
adapted from Van der Ridder et al (2008)
![Page 68: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Basic Debriefing Objectives
• Review simulation events
• Sort out and clarify thinking
• Release emotional tension
• Reinforce specific teaching points
• Alter thought patterns
• Correct misconceptions
![Page 69: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Tone of Debriefing
Ideal debriefs have:
• Structure
• Deliberate positive tone
• Room for all to have a voice
• Inclusive language
• Open questions
• Skillful and sensitive facilitation
• Engaged and interested facilitator
Potential Pitfalls:
• Disorganised
• Judgmental
• Facilitator dominated
• Language that excludes
• Closed questions
• Controlled by facilitator
• Facilitator appears tired or disinterested
![Page 70: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Theory-based Models
• DAA
• Diamond
• Debriefing with Good Judgment
• 3D
• 4E’s
• TeamGains (hybrid)
• PEARLS (hybrid)
• Plus Delta (+/Δ)
• GAS
• SHARP
• DEBRIEF / AAR
• GREAT
![Page 71: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Diamond debrief model
• Sophisticated model & skill
• Includes scripted questions & prompts to use while learning the model
• Re-framing ways we think & learn – applying human factors
• Requires practice & further reading to develop the knowledge & skill
![Page 72: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Plus / Delta (+/∆) (Decker 2009, Jeffries 2010)
+: What went well? And why?
∆: What would you change? And how?
• Simple method developed for military use,
• Adopted for civilian use after notable accidents in 1970s
• + Plus: positive, desirable aspects of performance or behaviour
• ∆ : Greek letter Delta used to denote change or uncertainty
![Page 73: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
How to use +/∆ for debriefing
• Consider level of facilitation – aim for a learner-led process
• Open, leading & exploring questions
• Record insights on a flipchart (+ / ∆)
• Strategies to maintain psychological safety
• Avoid PLUS=POSITIVE and DELTA=NEGATIVE
![Page 74: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Advantages Disadvantages
Easy and quick to learn and use Can be superficial – may not promote
deeper reflective learning
Non-threatening No opportunity for venting of strong
emotional responses
Useful for focusing on specific behaviours May neglect non-technical aspects of
performance which can be explored by
addressing feelings and thinking
Useful for testing systems, processes,
protocols
Can generate meaningful, practical action
plans
Advantages and Disadvantages
![Page 75: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Your Homework for our Next Session
• Design a 10 minute scenario (or skills session)
• Use the template provided
• Work together in small groups of 3 (4 x groups)
• Make sure you have each others’ contact information
• Think about all the aspects of learning that we’ve gone through today
![Page 76: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Whip around and +/∆
• Whip around: share one significant moment / learning from today
• Take a few minutes and create at least two post-it notes for +/∆ chart on your way out:
– +: What was a real ‘plus’ of today (what went well & should be repeated)?
– ∆: What could we change to improve the course?
![Page 77: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Further learning opportunities
To develop your simulation experience it is worth attending as a participant: whole range of courses:
• Taking Care Safer Tracheostomy management• Skilful Response End-of Life Care• Hospital @ Home Delirium and Dementia• Building Resilience for change Safer Sepsis six
Join us as volunteers on Hands up For Health, working with local schoolchildren
• Come and learn to be a faculty member, leading debriefs..• Introduction to In situ Simulation Based-Education & Essential Debriefing
Email: [email protected]
![Page 78: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
• Kolb, D. A. 1984. Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. Englewood Cliffs, JNJ: Prentice-Hall.
• Bloom, B.S. (Ed.). Engelhart, M.D., Furst, E.J., Hill, W.H., Krathwohl, D.R. (1956). Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, Handbook I: The Cognitive Domain. New York: David McKay Co Inc.
• Dreyfus, Stuart E.; Dreyfus, Hubert L. (February 1980). "A Five-Stage Model of the Mental Activities Involved in Directed Skill Acquisition"
• Ericsson, K. A., Krampe, R. Th., & Tesch-Römer, C. (1993). The role of deliberate practice in the acquisition of expert performance. Psychological Review, 100, 363–406.
![Page 79: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Introduction to Simulation
Day 2
WelcomePlease help yourself to Tea and Coffee
![Page 80: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Faculty
Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL
Centre
Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow
Nik Karydis, Consultant
![Page 81: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Icebreaker and Introduction
• Choose an adjective that describes yourself & starts with the same first letter as your name. Add it to the front of your name.
• Introduce yourself:
“Hi my name is Bubbly Beth.”
• The person next to you will introduce you
and then himself/herself: “You are ‘Bubbly Beth’ and I am ____.”
![Page 82: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Learning Objectives
By the end of the course, you will be able to:
• Identify and write learning objectives for clinical skills or scenario-based
simulation training appropriate to your clinical setting
• Design a clinical scenario aligned with learning objectives
• Create an effective learning environment in the workplace
• Use low technology simulators, part-task trainers or manikins to create realistic
learning opportunities
• Use basic debriefing skills to contribute to simulation learning
![Page 83: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Course Principles
• Your previous experience is an important asset – & the starting point for our work
• To that we add some new knowledge and practice over the course
• We are all learners, working together
• We strive to create a learning environment where it’s safe to take risks and to try new things
• Basic assumption:– Our colleagues are capable, want to do their
best, and want to improve
![Page 84: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Course Principles (continued)
• Experiential learning
• Sharing our learning together– Mistakes are ok
– Curious stance
• Embedded participant
• Safety
• Code phrase ‘this is not a simulation’
• Evaluation
![Page 85: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Review your scenarios
In your small groups with a facilitator
• Review scenarios/ provide a list of equipment
![Page 86: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Exercise
• Simulated group exercise and model debrief with Plus/ Delta
![Page 87: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Exercise
• All participate in abstract exercise & facilitated debrief
![Page 88: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
•Simulation Training Delivery
Module 3
![Page 89: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Module Three: Simulation Training Delivery
Module Objectives
At the end of this module, you will be able to:
• Create an effective learning environment in the workplace
• Use low technology simulators, part-task trainers or manikins to create realistic learning opportunities in the workplace
• Use basic debriefing skills to contribute to simulation learning
![Page 90: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Circle of Learning Modules
Evaluation and
ReviewIdentifying and
writing learning
objectives
Designing
simulation
training
Simulation
training
delivery
Stage
1
Stage
2
Stage
3
Stage
4
![Page 91: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/
Group planner
Running Concurrently – 30 minutes Simulation Debriefing – 30
minutes Practice Debriefs Scenario Set-Up
Group A (debriefers)
Groups B & C (participants)
Group D Group D – delivering, facilitating &
debriefing A, B, C
Group B (debriefers)
Groups A & D (participants)
Group C Group C – delivering, facilitating &
debriefing A, B, D
Group D (debriefers)
Groups A & C (participants)
Group B Group B – delivering, facilitating &
debriefing A, C, D
Group C (debriefers)
Groups B & D (participants)
Group A Group A – delivering facilitating &
debriefing B, C, D
![Page 92: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Practice debrief exercise
This exercise is designed to help facilitators ask +/∆debriefing questions. The aim is to share stories and to:
– Acknowledge successes and challenges
– Help your group learn from their experiences
In your groups, think of a time (to share) when you:
A. hosted a party
B. attended a job interview
C. planned a holiday
D. delivered a training session
![Page 93: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Lunch
![Page 94: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/
Group planner
Running Concurrently – 30 minutes Simulation Debriefing – 30
minutes Practice Debriefs Scenario Set-Up
Group A (debriefers)
Groups B & C (participants)
Group D Group D – delivering, facilitating &
debriefing A, B, C
Group B (debriefers)
Groups A & D (participants)
Group C Group C – delivering, facilitating &
debriefing A, B, D
Group D (debriefers)
Groups A & C (participants)
Group B Group B – delivering, facilitating &
debriefing A, C, D
Group C (debriefers)
Groups B & D (participants)
Group A Group A – delivering facilitating &
debriefing B, C, D
![Page 95: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
•Evaluation and Review
Module 4
![Page 96: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Evaluation and Review
Module Objectives
At the end of this module, you will be able to:
• Describe why evaluating educational interventions is critical to maintaining and enhancing educational quality
• Apply Kirkpatrick’s four-level model of evaluation to simulation training
• Develop an evaluation strategy for your training intervention that measures Kirkpatrick levels 1 and 2 outcomes
![Page 97: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
What is evaluation?
• Evaluation is defined as a systematic process by which the worth or value of something is judged.
• In education it is concerned with the measurement of:– The performance of learners
– The effectiveness of teachers
– The quality of the programme
• In relation to educational objectives
![Page 98: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Why do we evaluate?
Good practice to determine:
• the effectiveness of the educational intervention to meet its outcomes– what worked well and what could be improved
• the experience of the learners (drivers for motivation)
• the impact and value of what you are doing (ROI)
• teaching effectiveness (feedback and reflective practice)
![Page 99: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
What do we consider when evaluating?
• Who is the evaluation for?
• What do you need / want to know?
• Why do you need / want to know it?
• Will the evaluation make a difference?
![Page 100: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Three Boxes of Evaluation
Evaluation of effects,
without
addressing the
components that make
up the programmes
Components
of a
programme
are discerned
but inner
workings not
fully revealed
Addresses effects but
also the inner workings
and operations of the
components of a
programme and how
they are connected, as
well as their connections
to other systems
![Page 101: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Or Evaluation can be about...
Process:
• Strengthen or improve the learning process / training intervention while it’s happening
Outcome:
• Examine the effects or outcomes of the learning process / training intervention
![Page 102: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Activity: Thinking about Evaluation
Group 1:
• What methods / tools / instruments might be used to evaluate the LEARNING that has occured?
• Differentiate between those that might be process and those that might be output.
Group 2:
• What methods / tools / instruments can be used to evaluate your TEACHING effectiveness?
• Differentiate between those that might be process and those that might be output.
![Page 103: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Examples
Formative methods:
• Rubrics / rating scales
• Discussions
• Checklists
• Observations / Observational rating scale
• Questionnaires
• Journals / progress notes
• Self-evaluations / reflections
• Conferences / interviews
• Peer-evaluations / observations
Summative Methods
•Rubrics / rating scales•Written assessments / reports•Creative assignments•Presentations•Portfolios•Oral assessments•Practical assessments (in real situation or in simulated conditions)•Direct observation•Projects / products•Peer / self-evaluation•Individual or group interviews•Clinical / performance audits
![Page 104: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Kirkpatrick’s four-level evaluation model (1959)
Level 1 – REACTION: Measures learners perception (thoughts & feelings) of the learning event.
Not indicative of skills or performance.
Level 3 – BEHAVIOUR: Measures change in behaviour (performance) and transfer of
learning to the workplace. Can be measured in the workplace.
Level 2 – LEARNING: Measures the change in knowledge, skills and attitude.
Evaluated pre and post training through learner assessment.
Level 4 – RESULTS / IMPACT:Measures the impact of learning on the organisation (ROI).
Often evaluated through clinical and quality outcomes.
![Page 105: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Kirkpatrick’s four-level evaluation model (1959)
• Impact / Results
• Behaviour / Performance
• Learning
• Reaction
Increasing:
• complexity
• difficulty to measure
• time and cost
• expertise required to
evaluate!
![Page 106: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Activity: Evaluation
In your groups, based on the scenario you delivered today, list two ways you would measure each of the following:
1. Reactions
2. Learning
Be specific, getting right down to the type of data you might collect, and even right down to the level of questions you might ask!
![Page 107: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Evaluation is:
• an essential component of any educational development
• considered carefully before implementation of any training intervention
• directly related to educational objectives.
• realistic and practical
![Page 108: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/108.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Review
• Closes the loop in the curriculum development cycle
– maintaining and enhancing educational quality
• A successful training intervention must respond to:
– evaluation and feedback
– internal and external requirements
– changes in learners, resources, knowledge and competency requirements, institutional and societal needs and values etc.
![Page 109: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/109.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Now What?• Coaching in Practice
• Develop your scenario & add to it
• Develop evaluation tools
• Book your Kit / Date
• Run session
• Debrief your debrief
• Observe in centre or in situ
• Book onto the Essential Debriefing Skills course
Advancing Your Debriefing
Practice
Teaching the Circle of Care
Practice
Introduction to Human Factors
Practice
Essential Debriefing Skills
Practice
![Page 110: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/110.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Whip around and +/∆
• Whip around: share one significant moment / learning from today
• Take a few minutes and create at least two stick notes for +/∆ chart on your way out:
– +: What was a real ‘plus’ of today (what went well & should be repeated)?
– ∆: What could we change / improve?
![Page 111: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/111.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Further learning opportunities
To develop your simulation experience it is worth attending as a participant: whole range of courses:
• Taking Care Safer Tracheostomy management• Skilful Response End-of Life Care• Hospital @ Home Delirium and Dementia• Building Resilience for change Safer Sepsis six
Join us as volunteers on Hands up For Health, working with local schoolchildren
• Come and learn to be a faculty member, leading debriefs..• Introduction to In situ Simulation Based-Education & Essential Debriefing
Email: [email protected]
![Page 112: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/112.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
Further reading
![Page 113: Introduction to Simulation€¦ · @southlondonsim SLSN Intro to Sim2017 Faculty Colette Laws-Chapman, Deputy Director, SaIL Centre Seema Nathoo, Simulation Fellow Nik](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052014/602c17b2a8ac02365961d493/html5/thumbnails/113.jpg)
@southlondonsim http://southlondonsim.com/SLSN Intro to Sim2017
• Kolb, D. A. 1984. Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. Englewood Cliffs, JNJ: Prentice-Hall.
• Bloom, B.S. (Ed.). Engelhart, M.D., Furst, E.J., Hill, W.H., Krathwohl, D.R. (1956). Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, Handbook I: The Cognitive Domain. New York: David McKay Co Inc.
• Dreyfus, Stuart E.; Dreyfus, Hubert L. (February 1980). "A Five-Stage Model of the Mental Activities Involved in Directed Skill Acquisition"
• Ericsson, K. A., Krampe, R. Th., & Tesch-Römer, C. (1993). The role of deliberate practice in the acquisition of expert performance. Psychological Review, 100, 363–406.