introduction to social entrepreneurship

2 May 2023 www.oikos-summerschool.org


Contents• What is a social enterprise?• What is a social business?• What is social innovation?• What is social entrepreneurship?• Types and Examples of Social Enterprise• Forms of Capital• Opportunity Identification• Theory of Change• Wrap-Up


Who is an entrepreneur?• Opportunity Identifier• Risk Taker• Creating marketable products out of nothing• Innovating from available resources better

than peer group• Proactive• Autonomous and Independent• Dreamer

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2 May 2023 www.oikos-summerschool.org 4

2 May 2023 www.oikos-summerschool.org7

ENTREPRENEURBrings a radically new solution with the potential to revolutionize a whole area Has all the qualities of an entrepreneur : Vision, pragmatism, creativity…

SOCIAL

Adresses most crucial problems of our society in the fields of health, education, human rights, environment…

Seeks Social Impact, does not use economic profit as a measure of success

SocialEntre-preneur

Who is a Social Entrepreneur?


Social Entrepreneurs

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What is a Social Enterprise?

• Address a social issue using business proposition– Fair Trade :: ethical wages– Organic Farming :: environmental

degradation– Ethical Trading :: Promotes ethical

trading practices

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EMES Definition of Social Enterprise

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Three indicators reflect the economic and entrepreneurial dimensions of social enterprises:a) A continuous activity producing goods and/or selling servicesb) A significant level of economic riskc) A minimum amount of paid workThree indicators encapsulate the social dimensions of such enterprises:d) An explicit aim to benefit the communitye) An initiative launched by a group of citizens or civil society organizationsf) A limited profit distributionFinally, three indicators reflect the participatory governance of such enterprises:g) A high degree of autonomyh) A decision-making power not based on capital ownershipi) A participatory nature, which involves various parties affected by the activity

Source: EMES Website


Social Innovation• Social disequilibrium

– Social Marginalization of refugees or immigrants

– Learning disabilities– Lack of ethical codes– Lack of shared ethical moral practices

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Dividend/ No-Dividend View on Social Enterprise

by Yunus• Why do you create an enterprise?• What do you do with the profits

made from an enterprise?• Who owns the enterprise?• Why is ownership important to

you?

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Social Entrepreneurship• Process of Starting a social

enterprise• Process of addressing a social

disequilibrium• Process of managing a social

enterprise

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Types of Social Enterprise• For-Profit Social Enterprise• Non- Profit Social Enterprise• Sustainable Social Enterprise• Community Based Social

Enterprise• Cooperative Social Enterprise

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Types• WISE• Fair Trade• MicroFinance• Clean Tech• Ed-Tech• Health Care• WatSan• Culture

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Activity• In groups of 5 discuss 10 different

social enterprises– List them – Discuss why they are social enterprise– You have 15 minutes

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Sound Bytes 6 (Bill 1)“Social entrepreneurs are not happy to give a fish, or teach how to fish. They will not have a rest until they have revolutionized the fishing industry.”

— Bill Drayton


Ashoka FELLOWS WorldwideTo date, a network of 2700 innovative Social

Entrepreneurs

204

571

192638

293

*as of 2007


“If I have a chance to meet someone who is different and have an exchange which is not based on prejudices, is not based on stereotypes, not based on clichés, not driven by pity, suddenly something happens.”

Andreas HeineckeFounder & CEO

Insight: The best way to create conditions for and open exchange and change sighted people’s views about the capabilities of blind people is to immerse sighted people in total darkness and let blind people act as their guides.

Dialogue in the dark


Dialog in the Dark is an experiential exhibition in the dark. Darkness as a medium to enable sighted people better understand what blind people experience.

Dialogue in the Dark creates conditions for and open exchange and transforms individuals.

A dialogue is created by using blind people as guides in the darkness.


Dialogue in the Dark has been presented largely through exhibitions and workshops in over 30 countries and more than 160 sites in over 110 cities throughout Europe, Asia, the Middle East, Africa and the Americas since it’s opening in 1988. 7 Million visitors have experienced Dialogue in the Dark worldwide.Over 7,000 blind candidates have found employment through Dialogue in the Dark.

Learn more about Dialogue in the Dark:http://www.dialogue-in-the-dark.com/

http://www.dialogue-in-the-dark.com/


Specialisterne

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Source: Specialisterne Slide Share


What is Capital?

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Forms of Capital• Money• Public Capital• Social Network Capital• Nature as Capital• Culture as Capital• Art as Capital• Health• Humanity


Money as Capital• What can you buy from Money?

– Food – House – Education– Happiness– Respect– Luxury Products– Start a company– Higher People to run your company


Public Goods as Capital• Roads• Air• Water• Public transportation• Good Governance and Social

Harmony


Ferguson Event

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Social Capital• Your work in the community vs

your work for a private enterprise• GoodWill• Being part of a community• Benefits

– Collateral– Newer Business Routes


Social Capital Benifits• The more people you know the

more opportunities you have• The more kind of people you know

the more opportunities you have• The more open you are to different

people the more opportunities you have

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Nature As Capital• Beautiful scenery• Swiss Alps• Clean Beaches• Green Forests• Clean rivers and lakes where you

can swim


Culture as Capital• Bollywood• Georgian Wines• Georgian Cuisine• Traditional Marriages in different

parts of the world


Bollywood

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Health


Activity 2• In Groups of 5, Select a form of

Capitaland leverage that capital through a social enterprise. You have 15 minutes

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Social Opportunity• Social Disequilibrium• Social Movements• Normal Markets• Within a group of Social

Enterprises in a similar industry• National and International Policy

towards certain Business Practices

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Social Disequilibrium• Refugees• Immigrant unemployment• Child Labor• Old age home and old age care• Child Care• Favellas/Slums

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Social Movement• Climate Change Movement• Organic Food Movement• Ethical Product movement• Bio-Ethical Product Movement• Ethical and Responsible Finance

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Within a group of Social Enterprises in a similar

industry• Innovation in products, services

and operations• Branding :: How you do it?

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Normal Markets• Cooperatives• Handicraft

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National and International Policy towards certain

Business Practices • Ozone Layer• Cap and Trade• CDM• Tax Incentives

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Strategies to address Social Opportunity

• Causation– Followers like SKS Microfinance or

Compartamos– Nokia Microsoft SmartPhone Series

• Effectuation– Mahatma Gandhi– Yunus and Grameen Bank– Iphone Series

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Causation Effectuation

Begin with a goal in mind Beginning with a set of given means

Focusing on returns than idea alone

Focusing on Affordable loss to innovation or start something new

Emphasizing competitive analysis

Emphasizing on strategic alliances

Emphasizing market analysis Leveraging environmental contingencies

Avoiding environmental contingencies

Seeking to understand and evaluate the uncertainties

Predict uncertainties

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Sharada and Iyer, ESU 2014


Causation Effectuation

Questioning Analyzing

Observing Planning

Experimenting Detail Oriented from the onset

Networking Self Disciplined

Associating


Theory of Change• Every Social Enterprise has a

theory of Change– Number of Jobs created– Salary increased– Quality of education delivered– Improvement in health-care delivery– Impact on environment

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Activity 3• In groups of 5...Find a Social

Opportunity...think about a social enterprise...think about its theory of change...you have 15 minutes

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What leads to Social Entrepreneurial Behavior?

Mair Naboa 2006


Institutional environment

Social Public regulatory investorComm

ercial

Legitimacy, Reputation, Mission, Vision, Objectives, Sustainability

Organizational Maintenance, Expansion and Transformation

Identity construction, Memory, Power, Degree of coupling

What is a social enterprise


How to create a social enterprise

• Find your capital• Find your opportunity : convert one

capital into another capital• Find your theory of change

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Together, we can change the world

introduction to social entrepreneurship

Government & Nonprofit