Introduction to Taiwan Studies

Lin Gang

School of International and Public Affairs, SJTU

Week One: Teaching Outline

• About the Course• Background

– Geography– Population– Contrast between the Blue and Green – Administration

• How to Approach the Taiwan Issue– Research Approaches– Research Methodology

About Myself

• Distinguished Professor, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU)

• Chair Professor, School of International and Public Affairs ， SJTU

• Director of Center for Taiwan Studies ， SJTU

• Visiting Professor, Sun Yat-Sen University & Chengchi University, Taiwan

About Myself

• Program Associate, Asia Program, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Washington, D.C. （ 1999 －2005）

• Adjunct professor, Johns Hopkins University, School of Arts and Sciences

• President, Association of Chinese Political Studies (ACPS)

除夕赴美与会有感-- 和友人“南国雨雪北国风”一

诗东海波连西域天 ,（学贯中西 )半生甘苦融云空。 （淡泊明志）爆竹声落腾蛇 * 起， （宁静致远）横渡关山话岁终。 （年终团圆）

* 取曹孟德“腾蛇乘雾，终为土灰”之意。（原诗是“神龟虽寿，犹有竟时。腾蛇乘雾，终为土灰。老

骥伏枥，志在千里。烈士暮年，壮心不已。”）

贺岁诗

银蛇小隐送隆冬，金马轻蹄迎早春。纳福九州思海外，竹林云冈话乾坤。

2014.1.20

Teaching Outline

• Introduction (Week 1)– Read: Why Taiwan Matters

Ch. 1, pp.1-10• The Historical Roots of the Taiwan Issue

(Week 2)– Read: Why Taiwan Matters

Ch. 2, pp.11-28

Teaching Outline

• Conditions and Process of Taiwan’s Democratization (Week 3)– Read: Why Taiwan Matters

Ch. 3, pp.41-57

• Party Politics in Taiwan (Week 4)– Read: Why Taiwan Matters

Ch. 4, pp.59-80

Teaching Outline

• Taiwan’s Party System (Week 5)– Read: Why Taiwan Matters

Ch. 4, pp.80-93

• Politics of Identity in Taiwan (Week 6)– Read: Why Taiwan Matters

Ch. 2, pp.28-38

Teaching Outline

• Political Interaction across the Taiwan Strait (Week 7)– Read: Why Taiwan Matters

Ch. 7, pp. 133-162

• Civic Exchanges across the Taiwan Strait (Week 8)– Read: Why Taiwan Matters

Ch. 6, pp.117-131

Teaching Outline

• The U.S. Factor in Cross-Strait Relations (Week 9-10)– Read: Why Taiwan Matters

Ch. 8 & 9, pp. 165-184;187-197

• Prospects for Cross-Strait Relations (Week 11)

Final Scores

• Class attendance and participation (20%)– Missing one class: losing 2%; two: 4%; three:

6%; four: all– Coming late or leaving early: losing 1%;

sleeping or doing other things during class: missing 3%

• No lab top, unless showing us the notes taken with computer at the end of each class

• No cellphone,I-pad,etc., during class time

– Being ready to answer at any moment

Final Scores

• Quiz (30%): four times (10% for each), accounting in only three scores (higher); if missing three, can still get 10% at the maximum

Final Scores in the Past Three Class

• 20% class participation; 30% class works or quiz; 50% term paper

• 低于 60 60-69 70-79 80-89 90 以上

1 4 14 64 19

4 6 18 43 13

1 5 14 45 7

Paper Requirement (due June 10, 2014)

For the term paper, please write an essay with about 3000 words in Chinese. Any subjects related to the course, such as Taiwan's politics, economy, culture, cross-strait relations, Taiwan's external relations, would be fine.The deadline for submitting the paper is last class, June 10, Tuesday, the last class.

相关网址和课程邮箱• 台湾研究中心网址： http://taiwan.sjtu.edu.cn

• 教学网 : http://electsys.sjtu.edu.cn

• 课程网址• http://cc.sjtu.edu.cn/taiwanS0906.html

• 课程邮箱： lingangsjtu@163.com; sjtu2012

1. Background

A. Geography

• Hen vs. egg (9,600,000 VS. 36,000 square kilometers)–Who comes first?–Competition around value system

or sovereignty–Can the tail wag the dog?–The size does matter

A. Geography

• Geographically separated by the Taiwan Strait (90 miles) [compared with Britain and Japan]– The implications for the Taiwanese Identity

– Attached or detached ?

– Fragile vs. dynamic

– Isolation vs. openness

– Relying on the mainland or the U.S. & Japan

– Making peace with the mainland, being close to the U.S., and friendly with Japan

Geopolitics

• In his new book, The Revenge of Geography: What the Map Tells Us About Coming Conflicts, Robert Kaplan (Stratfor Global Intelligence) contends that current global conflicts, including wars, political instability, and clashes over religion, can be better understood and even forecasted through close examination of the maps that chart our world.

A. Geography

• Daan( 大安， great peace ） Creek --- Zhuoshui （浊水 , muddy water ） Creek --- Central mountains• Northern Taiwan, Central Taiwan,

Southern Taiwan ， Eastern Taiwan

• Taiwan’s map in the sky (Tailu Pavilion)

B. Population

• Population: 23 million8million>>17million>>20million>>23million>>?

• Two elements in the population–Taro (“outsiders” as the head ） vs. sweet potato (native Taiwanese as the tail)–Percentage of the two elements

–From 80% vs. 20% to 85% vs. 15%

C. Contrast between Blue & Green

• A real Taiwan is outside of the Taipei Basin

• Blue (Kuomintang) counties vs. green (The Democratic Progressive Party) counties

• Blue in the north, green in the south

• Blue sky vs. green land （ grassroots)

• Going to the south, down to the earth

D. Administration

• Two provinces, two municipalities– Taiwan, Fukien, Taipei, Kaohsiung

• Five Municipalities plus 17 counties/cities– Taipei City, New Taipei City, Taichung City,

Tainan City, Kaohsiung City

To 5 Plus 17

From 3 Municipalities/15 counties/cities

Changes of Political Maps in Taiwan (2008-2010)

2. How to Approach the Taiwan Issue

• Taiwan Studies as an area study (but not a country study)– Moving from the margin to the center– From historical and intelligent studies to

multi-discipline studies

2. How to Approach the Taiwan Issue

• Comprehensive issue areas

– Historical, cultural, economic, social, political, military ， external relations issue

– Taiwan expert—mission impossible

• Su Chi’s comments

• Politics as the core issue

Research Approaches

• Different approaches to the Studies of Taiwanese politics

–Historical approach• e.g., the incident of 2.28

• “Taiwanese sadness” (Treaty of Shimonoseki)

Research Approaches

–Cultural approach

• Political culture–Keep low profile during elections

–e.g. mass assembly on Jan. 13, 2012 ( a comparison)

• National identity

• public opinion

Research Approaches

• Economic and Social Approaches

–Modernization theory, developmental approach

–Social conflict theory• Regional gaps (North vs. South)

• Class struggle

• Ethnic conflict

Research Approaches

• Elite analysis approach

–Lee Teng-hui’s manipulation of Taiwanese sentiments

• Institutional approach

–Electoral system, party system, governance system

Research Approaches

• International approach –International law

(idealism/liberalism)

• Cairo Declaration vs. San Francisco Treaty

–Great power diplomacy (realism) • The U.S. Factor, the Japan Factor

Research Methodology

• Case study

• Comparative study

• Statistics analysis

• Content analysis

• Field work– Not until mid-1990s– Survey on pubic opinion – Intensive Interview

第一讲 导论

• 问题缘起• 地理政治• 行政区划• 历史脉络• 研究路径

1. 问题缘起

1. 问题缘起

• 鸡蛋关系 (960 万 vs. 3.6 万平方公里 )

– 制度之争 vs. 主权之争

• Can the tail wag the dog? （狗尾能否打狗）

– “ 以小搏大”何以可能？– 实力大小与意愿强弱的比较– 以大事小，仁也；以小事大，智也– 有容乃大，无欲则刚

2. 地理政治

2. 地理政治

• 孤悬海外 (150 公里 ) [ 比较英、日 ]

– 从太鲁阁看台湾的地形海岛经济 >> 海岛政治 ( 兼具脆弱性与活力 )

孤立保守还是对外拓展是依托大陆还是追求分离（亲美媚日）

• “ 亲美、友日、和陆”• “ 和陆、友日、重美”

2. 地理政治

北部 --- 中部 ---- 中南部 --- 东部• 大安溪、浊水溪、中央山脉“出了台北才是台湾”• 蓝色（国民党）县市 vs. 绿色（民进党）

县市

• 800 万 >>1700 万 >>2000 万 >>2300万芋头（外省人） vs. 番薯 [ 尾 ] （本省人 )

2. 地理政治

• “北蓝南绿”– 向南走 – 向下沉

蓝天（精英色彩） vs. 绿地（草根性）• 绿大于蓝？蓝大于绿？

– 五彩池的遐思 (“ 研究台湾半世情”《中国评论》月刊， 2012.10 ）

3. 行政规划

台北市、高雄市台湾省（五市十六县）•基隆市【鸡笼山：地标】、台北县、桃园县、新竹县、新竹市、苗栗县•台中县、台中市、南投县、彰化县•云林县、嘉义县、嘉义市、台南县、台南市、高雄县、屏东县•宜兰县、花莲县、台东县－－－澎湖县福建省（ 1.1 个县）•金门县和马祖 ( 连江县 )/ 外岛 ( 划峡而治到金马撤军论 )

五市加十七县市– 台北市、新北市、台中市、台南市、高雄市

4. 研究视角

• 从历史研究、台情调研到跨学科研究• 从冷门到显学

– 南陈（陈碧笙、陈在政、陈孔立）– 北李（李家泉）

• 研究台湾政治的不同视角• 历史视角（ 2.28 事件）• 政治文化视角

– “ 台湾悲情”、“哀兵必胜” – 民意调查（认同政治）

4. 研究视角

• 经济、社会视角– 现代化理论– 社会冲突理论

• 地区冲突（南北 [ 重北轻南 ] 问题）• 阶级冲突（“土狗”和“贵宾狗”）• 省籍冲突（“乞丐赶庙公” ）

• 精英分析视角• 制度分析视角• 国际因素分析视角

结束语

• 蓝天绿地话台湾，

• 庐山内外识庐山。

• 鸡先蛋后本同种，

• 有容无欲海峡安。