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TRANSCRIPT
INTRODUCTION
TO
TELECOMMUNICATIONS
INSTRUCTOR INTRODUCTION
Ali Mustafa
BSC Computer Engineering
(Comsats Pakistan)
MS Mobile Communication
(University of Bradford England)
Worked as
GSM Engineer in I-Track
Telecom Engineer in UFONE
WiMAX Engineer in NUST
GET IN TOUCH WITH INSTRUCTOR
Class Meeting Times & Locations: Tuesday 09:00 am – 11:30 am
Instructor Designation: Assistant Professor
Instructor Telephone: 057-9316329-137
Instructor E-Mail Address: [email protected]
Instructor Office Hours:
Monday 9:00 am -4:30 pm
Instructor Office Location* : Room # 24 EE Department
SUBJECT INFORMATION
SUBJECT NAME:
Introduction to Telecommunications
CREDIT HRS :
03
CONTACT HRS :
03 per week
TEXT BOOK :
Will confirm later
REFERANCE MATERIAL :
Internet
OBJECTIVES
Understand theory and practical approach towards
telecommunication.
Analyzing how can a be a part of telecom industry.
Understanding of different telecommunication
networks.
EVALUATION PLAN
The Course assessment will be made up of the
following four components;
1. Sessionals --- 25%
2. Quizzes --- 15%
3. Assignments --- 10%
4. Final Examination --- 50%
STUDENTS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR:
1. Attendance. If a student misses more than 3
class sessions they may be dropped.
2. Arriving to each class on time. Late comers are
disruptive to the class.
3. Letting the instructor know if you require any
special considerations such as special seating.
4. Turning off all cell phones while in class.
5. Conducting themselves in a professional
manner; refraining from talking in class except
as part of a classroom discussion or to ask a
question.
STUDENTS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR:
6. Knowing and adhering to due dates for all
assignments, mid-term and final exam.
7. Taking or acquiring class notes.
8. Knowing COMSATS policies and procedures, This
includes plagiarism and cheating.
9. Letting the instructor know if you are having
difficulty with any part of the course. Special time
can be arranged for individual assistance.
COURSE CONTENTS
Introduction to Communication Systems
Performance & Design Tradeoffs
Ideal and Practical Filters
Signal Distortion over a Communication Channel
Linear Modulation Schemes & Modulators
PLL Principle and Carrier Acquisition
Superheterodyne AM Receiver
Angle Modulation Schemes & Modulators
Spectral Analysis of Angle Modulation Schemes
FM Receiver Example, Frequency Division Multiplexing
Baseband Digital Data Transmission
Sampling Theorem and Pulse Code Modulation Schemes
COURSE CONTENTS......
Digital Signal Line Coding Schemes
Base Band Transmission on Band Limited Channels
Inter Symbol Interference, Nyquist Pulse Shaping
Criterions for Zero ISI
Equalizers, Linear Mean Square Estimation
Regenerative Repeaters
Time Division Multiplexing & Digital Multiplexing
Schemes
Spread Spectrum Modulation Schemes
Code Division Multiple Access
Examples of Analog & Digital Comm. Systems
STUDENT INTRODUCTION
Welcome to COMSATS
Welcome to this Course
Brief Introduction
About yourself
Last semester experience
Suggestions
NOTE: Medium of communication will be English in the class.
APPLICATIONS OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS
Business
Telecommunications
Telecommunications
Architectures
Electronic commu-
nications system
Electronic meeting
systems
Business process
systems
• Centralized
• Distributed
• Client/server
• Interorganizational
• Global
• Electronic mail
• Voice mail
• Bulletin Board systems
• Videotex
• Fascimile
• Public Information Service
• Desktop Video
conferencing
• Decision room
conferencing
• Computer
conferencing
• Teleconferencing
• Online transaction
processing
• Inquiry/Response
• EDI / XML
• Electronic Funds Transfer
• Activity monitoring
• Process control
• Telecommuting
TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS
General trend: Connect everybody to everybody else.
Internet-network technologies thousands new hardware- and software products
web-browsers, HTML- editors, firewalls
Open systems: based on standards connectivity of systems: middleware
OSI, TCP/IP
Digital technologies higher transmission speed
larger information streams
more efficient transmission method
less errors
INTERNET REVOLUTION
Explosive growth
Terminology
WWW: inquiry sources of information via
graphical browser software
E-mail: electronic mail
Usenet: place messages on bulletin board
IRC: real time dialogs
FTP: file transfer
Telnet: login on other systems
Other: telephone, video conferencing, ...
TELECOMMUNICATION MODEL Terminals
terminal, office equipment , telephones , ...
Telecommunications processors modems, multiplexers, front-end processors, ...
Telecommunications channels and media copper wires, coaxial cables, fiber optic cables, satellites, ...
Computers host computers, front-end computers, network servers, ...
Telecommunications control software telecommunication monitors, network operating systems, ...
Middleware: Computer Software that provides services to softwareapplications beyond those available from the operating system.
LANPC-workstation PC-workstation
PC-workstationPC-workstationPC-workstation
PC-workstation
Network
Server
Port to
other networks
Shared hard disk
Shared
printer
Databases and
Software packages
WAN - INTERNETWORK
network
in US
network
in Europe
Mainframe,
hosts
Internet
network
in Australia
LAN’s
LAN’s
Tymnet
Cisco corporation network
CLIENT/SERVER NETWORK
Intranet
Company A
IntranetCompany B
Mainframe host system
Router
Router
Internet
Firewall
Firewall
CLIENT - SERVER
Clients
Clients
comm.
server
comm.
server
DB.
server
server
DB.
server
O.A.
server
CAD
server
MEDIA AND CHANNELS Signals
◦ analog◦ digital
Cables◦ Twisted-pair interference
◦ Coaxial cable 20x more expensive5.500 simultaneous phone calls
◦ Fiber-optic 1 fiber 30.000 phone calls
Wireless◦ microwave◦ satellites
Radio, Infrared, Cellular Radio, Mobile computing
GPS global positioning system
Medium Transmission speed
Metal wire .0012Mbps - 10 Mbps
Microwave .256 Mbps - 100Mbps
Fiber optics .5Mbps - 1,000Mbps
COMMUNICATION HARDWARE
Modems 9.600 14.400 28.800 bps
Transmission mode
Simplex 1 circuit , 1 direction
Half-duplex 1 circuit, 2 directions, difficult co-ordination
Full duplex 2 circuits, 2 directions
Transmission accurateness
parity bits forward and backward error correction
Processors
multiplexers frequency, time or statistic time distribution
front-end processors to handle routine communication tasks with
peripheral equipment
NETWORK TOPOLOGY
Star
all communications go via the central system
Bus
can easily be extended at the ends
Ring
more secure
STAR NETWORK
With direct
connections
- Efficient , also for high speeds- With a large number of workstations cabling might be a problem
Point-to-point lines
STAR NETWORK (MULTIPLEXED)
Access viamultiplexedlineseventually rented
- local speed up to 2000 char/sec , 1M char/sec very expensive - internationally 1000 char/sec commonly available
Shared usage of abroadband network
- more complex hardware- simpler cabling system
Multidrop lines
BUS NETWORK
RING NETWORKS
Ring Network
- more equal basis
PUBLIC DATA NETWORKS
PAD
Data Network
E.g..: DCS 1000 - 6000 char/sec , cost / volume data ( X25 )Due to high connection cost ($ 30.000 year) usage of PAD
PAD =Packet Assemblerand Disassembler
ISDN
ISDN
- universal network for telephone and data- > 6000 char/sec
ISDNIntegrated servicesDigital network
THE TCP/IP AND THE 7 LAYER OSI MODEL
Application- or
process layer
Host-to-host
transport layerInternet-protocol
IP
network-interface
Physical layer
Application layer
Presentation layer
Session layer
Transport layer
Network layer
data link
Physical layer
Communication services
for end users
Correct formatting
and coding
Support for session
initiation
Data transfers between
nodes
routing of
connections
Support for error-free
data transfer
physical access to
communication media
TCP/IP OSI
OSI 7-LAYER MODEL
7. Application (user application program)
6. Presentation (user interface / screen display )
5. Session ( exchange between two nodes on the network )
4. Transport ( protocol for encoding messages )
3. Network ( mechanism for separating multiple messages )
2. Link ( data encoding schemes )
1. Physical ( wires, connectors , voltage )