Introduction to the

Alliance for Wireless Power

(A4WP)

June 2014

Wireless Charging Trend

100M Wirelessly powered devices by 2015

1

10+ Devices need to be charged for normal operation in the average U.S. household

2

Source: 1IHS 2014, 2ABI Research 2013

100% 50% 0% 75% 25%

The Vision of Ubiquitous Power

Hu

ma

n C

og

nit

ive

Lo

ad

& S

tre

ss

Energy Management Drivers

Social “Green”

Awareness

Smart Grid Information

Explosion

Device Battery

Charging Demands

Consumers have become device “power managers”

The Vision of Ubiquitous Power

– Goals

– Minimize energy management cognitive load

– Maximize ease of powering consumer electronics

– Solution: Wireless Power Transfer (WPT)

– WPT source-rich environment

– WPT power-scalable technology for CE products

– WPT user experience, applications and services

Wireless charging in the home

wireless charging in the office

wireless charging in the car

wireless charging on the go

Why the market is interesting

Source: IHS, March 2014

0

2

4

6

8

10

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Reven

ues (

$B

)

World Market Revenue

Assumptions include

Multi-mode solutions

Major smartphone manufacturer(s) to adopt wireless charging of flagship product

Limited regulatory requirements

Broad ecosystem for wireless charging

– Mobile phones and tablets are the first and largest opportunity

– Wearable tech is a growth opportunity

0

500

1,000

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Wireless Power Receivers By Application (MU)

Mobile Phones Tablets Wearable Technology Others

Source: IHS, March 2014

Qi Integrated, Qi Ready

Wireless power today– More than 40 phones

Revolution Spectrum Nexus 4 Spectrum 2 Optimus 2 Thunderbolt Incredible 2 Rezound 8X Droid DNA

Lumia 810 Lumia 820 Lumia 822 Lumia 920 Droid Charge Galaxy S III Galaxy Note II Google/LG Nexus 4 Nexus 10 Nexus 7

Top Mobile Brands Offer Wireless Charging:

So…..Why Hasn’t Wireless Charging Really Taken Off?

50% Integrated in the phone

50% Integrated in back cover

Wireless charging Wish list

Air Transformer, Tightly Coupled

Inductive Technology

Loosely-coupled LC Resonant Circuits

Resonant Technology

Next generation of wireless charging

User advantages for Resonant technology

Characteristics

Standard

A4WP Resonant (Rezence)

WPC Inductive (Qi)

PMA Inductive

Operating Frequency 6.78 MHz 200 kHz 300 kHz

Transmitter Power 16 Watt 5 Watt 5 Watt

Receiver Power Range Wearable to laptop Phone Phone

Multi-receiver Support Yes No No

Enables Free Positioning Yes Limited No

Communication BLE

(Duplex)

In-band

(Simplex, Low BW)

In-band

tone only

Maximum Separation 50 mm 5 mm 5 mm

Can your charger do this?

Resonant technology will dominate from 2016 Multi-mode Solutions Will Drive Adoption and Interoperability from 2014 to 2017

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Tightly Coupled Loosely Coupled

% P

rop

ort

ion

of

To

tal

Un

its

Sh

ipp

ed

Wireless Power Receivers By Range

Source: IHS, March 2014

Wireless power standards consolidation Specification A4WP PMA WPC

Inductive technology - PMA Qi

Resonant technology Rezence Working Group Working Group

Specification A4WP PMA WPC

Inductive technology PMA Qi

Resonant technology Rezence Resonant Transmitters

A4WP/PMA Liaison Agreement

A4WP Alliance Purpose, Vision & Mission

– Purpose – Create a wireless power transfer (WPT) ecosystem that delivers

spatial freedom

– Vision – Ubiquitous power based on non-radiative, near-field magnetic

resonance wireless power transfer

– Mission – Global standardization

– Certification and testing

– Regulatory compliance and policy

– A4WP is an industry standards body formed in 2012

– Rezence brand launched in late 2013

– 100+ member companies, high-impact board of directors:

– Automotive, carriers, consumer devices, components, furniture,

technology, test and certification

– Liaison Relationships: Bluetooth SIG, PMA, CCSA, BWF, TTA

Quick Facts

100+ MEMBERS

As of June 18, 2014

A4WP Membership

A4WP Recent News: The Path to Products

– Rezence brand launched

– Certification program and 1st certified products for smartphone

& cell phone use cases (BSS V1.2)

– Achieved BSS V1.3 alpha for tablet & laptop use cases

– Digital Trends Best in Show Finalist at CES ’14

– “Wearables” new work item launched (BSS V1.4)

– A4WP and Power Matters Alliance join forces

– Bluetooth SIG, China, Japan and Korea national standards

groups form liaison relationships with A4WP

– Plugfest #4, 21-25 April, 2014 60+ participants bringing 10+

Charger and 10+ Receiver designs for BSS V1.2 and V1.3

Top Five Finalist

Best in Show at CES

2014

A4WP BSS Work Plan

2013 2014 [Q3CY14] 2015 [Q1CY15]

Usage

Progression

Home, Business,

Automotive

Public Infrastructure &

Services Enhanced Services

Features Positional Freedom, 1:N, Bluetooth Smart Communications, Scalable Power

Specification(s) BSS* 1.2 [DONE] BSS 1.3 BSS 1.4

1:N PTU Power 10 – 16W 10 – ~50W ~1 – ~50W

PTU Devices (ex) Mats, Furniture, In-

Vehicle Accessories Furniture, PCs, In-Vehicle Consumer Electronics

PRU Power 3.5 – 6.5W 3.5 – 30W ~1 – ~30W

PRU Devices (ex) Smartphones Laptops, Tablets, Peripherals Consumer Electronics

Apps Power Management,

Location Social Media, Gaming

*Baseline System Specification (BSS)

Additional Information

A4WP website

www.rezence.com

www.a4wp.org

Video Demos

YouTube

Thank You

WPT Regulatory Considerations

– Categorization drives several key areas

– ISM (6.78 MHz) attractive

– Global availability (ITU-R)

– Unrestricted emissions (e.g., FCC Part 18)

– Emissions limits

– RF exposure

– Compliance to basic restrictions

– Current density (J)

– Induced electric field (E)

– Specific Absorption Rate (SAR)

WPT Regulatory Considerations

– Designing for Regulatory compliance

– Use cases

– To define quantitative coupled-coil descriptions (M, R1, R2, ω0)

– Equivalent circuits

– To derive key mathematical relationships for end-to-end circuit (or

at least subsystem-level) behavior, e.g., power transfer efficiency

– Constraining implementation choices in real circuits

– To establish a “design feedback loop” to evaluate implementation

choice on the basis of impact on end-to-end system performance

– Regulatory compliance assessment through experimentally-validated

simulation methods

WPT Regulatory Considerations

– Potentially applicable Regulations for WPT