introduction to underwater acoustics simulator - dhi content/presences/emea/uk... · introduction...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator - DHI content/presences/emea/uk... · Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator ... TTS-PTS Injury • TTS = Temporary ... (SEL,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081723/5cbd35c188c993df588b90d1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator
Poul Kronborg
Product Area Owner, Marine MIKE Software Products
DHI
![Page 2: Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator - DHI content/presences/emea/uk... · Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator ... TTS-PTS Injury • TTS = Temporary ... (SEL,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081723/5cbd35c188c993df588b90d1/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
© DHI
Module Overview for Marine MIKE Software: Release 2014
Hydrodynamics Sediments Environment Waves
MIKE 21/3 HD MIKE 21/3 ST(Sand transport)
MIKE 21/3 AD(Advection-
Dispersion)
MIKE 21 SW(Spectral Waves)
MIKE 21/3 MT(Mud transport)
MIKE 21/3 OS
(Oil Spill)
MIKE 21 BW(Boussinesq
Waves)
Others:
MIKE C-Map
MIKE Animator
LITPACK ECO Lab
MIKE 21/3 PT ABM Lab
![Page 3: Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator - DHI content/presences/emea/uk... · Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator ... TTS-PTS Injury • TTS = Temporary ... (SEL,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081723/5cbd35c188c993df588b90d1/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
© DHI
Module Overview for Marine MIKE Software: Release 2016
Hydrodynamics Sediments Environment Waves
MIKE 21/3 HD MIKE 21/3 ST(Sand transport)
MIKE 21/3 AD(Advection-
Dispersion)
MIKE 21 SW(Spectral Waves)
MIKE 21 SM(Shoreline
Morphology)
MIKE 21/3 OS
(Oil Spill)
MIKE 21 BW(Boussinesq
Waves)
MIKE 21/3 MT(Mud transport)
ECO Lab
Others:
MIKE C-Map
MIKE Animator
LITPACK ABM Lab
MIKE 21/3 PT UAS(Underwater
Acoustics)
![Page 4: Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator - DHI content/presences/emea/uk... · Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator ... TTS-PTS Injury • TTS = Temporary ... (SEL,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081723/5cbd35c188c993df588b90d1/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
© DHI
Module Overview for Marine MIKE Software: Release 2017
MIKE Operations for Forecasting
Hydrodynamics Sediments Environment Waves Maritime
MIKE 21/3 HD MIKE 21/3 ST(Sand transport)
MIKE 21/3 AD(Advection-
Dispersion)
MIKE 21 SW(Spectral Waves)
MIKE 21 MA(Mooring Analysis)
MIKE 21 SM(Shoreline
Morphology)
MIKE 21/3 OS
(Oil Spill)
MIKE 21 BW(Boussinesq
Waves)
MIKE 21/3 MT(Mud transport)
ECO Lab
Others:
MIKE C-Map
MIKE Animator
Littoral Proc.(New Litpack)
ABM Lab
MIKE 21/3 PT UAS(Underwater
Acoustics)
![Page 5: Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator - DHI content/presences/emea/uk... · Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator ... TTS-PTS Injury • TTS = Temporary ... (SEL,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081723/5cbd35c188c993df588b90d1/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
© DHI
Performance:
• Parallelization• Linux porting
• Support of GPU’s
• Remote Execution Facility
• SaaS (MIKE in the Cloud)
Marine MIKE software: Latest Developments
Productivity tools: • Scour Calculation Tool
• Enhancements of Climate Change Editor
• MIKE Animator enhancements
• Mesh Generation improvements
• Earthquake bathymetry adjustment
• New Cyclone Tool
• Fully Spectral Wave Boundary Generation
• Random Wave Generation Enhancements
• Software Development Kit
• US Units
Engine enhancements:• Nearfield/Farfield integration
• New dike structure with overtopping
• Structure Improvements
• Flather boundary and Q/h boundaries
• Time-varying bathymetries
• Litpack Re-engineering
• New Oil Spill Module
• Agent Based Modelling
Easy data access:• Introducing online WaterData
• Improvements in the Global Tide Model
![Page 6: Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator - DHI content/presences/emea/uk... · Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator ... TTS-PTS Injury • TTS = Temporary ... (SEL,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081723/5cbd35c188c993df588b90d1/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Sound is more than four times faster underwater
compared to air and there is less attenuation
Water is an excellent medium for sound
transmisson
![Page 7: Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator - DHI content/presences/emea/uk... · Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator ... TTS-PTS Injury • TTS = Temporary ... (SEL,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081723/5cbd35c188c993df588b90d1/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
10
Sound is important for marine life
![Page 8: Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator - DHI content/presences/emea/uk... · Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator ... TTS-PTS Injury • TTS = Temporary ... (SEL,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081723/5cbd35c188c993df588b90d1/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Senses underwater
© DHI
• Smell - No receptors
• Taste - Limited
• Touch – Short range
• Visual – Short range
• Sound – Effective, fast,
long-range
![Page 9: Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator - DHI content/presences/emea/uk... · Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator ... TTS-PTS Injury • TTS = Temporary ... (SEL,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081723/5cbd35c188c993df588b90d1/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Frequency (kHz)
0.01 0.1 1 10 100
SP
L (
dB
re
1 µ
Pa
)
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Bottlenose dolphin (Johnson 1967)
Risso's dolphin (Nachtigall et al. 1995)
Striped dolphin (Kastelein et al. 2003)
Killer whale (Szymanski et al. 1999; Behaviour)
Killer whale (Szymanski et al. 1999; ABR)
Harbour porpoise (Kastelein et al. 2002)
Marine mammal hearing
![Page 10: Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator - DHI content/presences/emea/uk... · Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator ... TTS-PTS Injury • TTS = Temporary ... (SEL,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081723/5cbd35c188c993df588b90d1/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10 100 1000
SP
L (
dB
re
1 µ
Pa
)
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
Bass (Nedwell et al. 2004)
Cod (Offut 1974)
Cod (Hawkins & Myrberg 1983)
Dab (Hawkins & Myrberg 1983))
Bass (Nedwell et al. 2004)
Herring (Enger 1967)
Pollack (Chapman 1973)
Pollack (Chapman & Hawkins 1969)
Atlantic Salmon (Hawkins & Johnstone 1978)
Little Skate (Casper et al. 2003)
Fish hearing
![Page 11: Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator - DHI content/presences/emea/uk... · Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator ... TTS-PTS Injury • TTS = Temporary ... (SEL,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081723/5cbd35c188c993df588b90d1/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Marine sound sources
Boyd et al. 2008
![Page 12: Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator - DHI content/presences/emea/uk... · Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator ... TTS-PTS Injury • TTS = Temporary ... (SEL,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081723/5cbd35c188c993df588b90d1/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
6/29/2016 15
Risk based approach to noise assessment
What is the problem?
How far does the sound spread and how many
animals are in range of the sound?
How do they react to the sounds?
How can we
mitigate
impacts?
![Page 13: Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator - DHI content/presences/emea/uk... · Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator ... TTS-PTS Injury • TTS = Temporary ... (SEL,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081723/5cbd35c188c993df588b90d1/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Detection
Response
Masking
TTS-PTS
Injury
• TTS =
Temporary
threshold shift
• PTS =
Permanent
threshold shift
![Page 14: Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator - DHI content/presences/emea/uk... · Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator ... TTS-PTS Injury • TTS = Temporary ... (SEL,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081723/5cbd35c188c993df588b90d1/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
17
• Depends on source
strength, sound spread and
different ambient noise
conditions
(Close range - > 100 km)
Detection
![Page 15: Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator - DHI content/presences/emea/uk... · Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator ... TTS-PTS Injury • TTS = Temporary ... (SEL,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081723/5cbd35c188c993df588b90d1/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Masking
Fish
Whales
Toothed Whales
Seals & Sea Lions
1 Hz 10 Hz 100 Hz 1 kHz 10 kHz 100 kHz
200 k
Shipping
Fish
Whales
Toothed Whales
Seals & Sea Lions
1 Hz 10 Hz 100 Hz 1 kHz 10 kHz 100 kHz
200 k
Shipping
(Southall & Hatch in OSPAR 2009)
![Page 16: Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator - DHI content/presences/emea/uk... · Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator ... TTS-PTS Injury • TTS = Temporary ... (SEL,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081723/5cbd35c188c993df588b90d1/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Source
Properties
-duration
-transient /
continuous
Channel
Age Condition
Sex
Social state
SeasonBehavioural state
Response
![Page 17: Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator - DHI content/presences/emea/uk... · Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator ... TTS-PTS Injury • TTS = Temporary ... (SEL,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081723/5cbd35c188c993df588b90d1/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
• Significant decline in
catch rate during and
after seismic exposure
• 5 days to recover
• Effects 20 nm
Pearson et al. 1992; Engas et al. 1996; Slotte et al. 2004
Response
![Page 18: Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator - DHI content/presences/emea/uk... · Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator ... TTS-PTS Injury • TTS = Temporary ... (SEL,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081723/5cbd35c188c993df588b90d1/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
6/29/2016 23
Risk management
©Werner Piper
• Source mitigation (e.g. dampening)
• Channel mitigation (e.g. Bubble
curtains, NMS, Helmholtz Res)
• Receiver mitigation (Wochner et al.
2015; Schiedek et al. 2015 )
![Page 19: Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator - DHI content/presences/emea/uk... · Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator ... TTS-PTS Injury • TTS = Temporary ... (SEL,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081723/5cbd35c188c993df588b90d1/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Different approaches
6/29/2016 24
Simulate Sound
Propagation:
Underwater Acoustic
Simulator (UAS)
Undertake EIA:
Underwater Acoustic
Analyzer (UAA)
Dynamic Risk Assesment:
Agent Based Modelling
(ABM Lab)
![Page 20: Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator - DHI content/presences/emea/uk... · Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator ... TTS-PTS Injury • TTS = Temporary ... (SEL,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081723/5cbd35c188c993df588b90d1/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Underwater Acoustic Simulator
© DHI
• The UAS Engine
a. Sound propagation
b. Broad band noise source
c. Range dependent
d. Ambient conditions…
![Page 21: Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator - DHI content/presences/emea/uk... · Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator ... TTS-PTS Injury • TTS = Temporary ... (SEL,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081723/5cbd35c188c993df588b90d1/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Underwater Acoustic Simulator in MIKE
© DHI
• Accounting for ambient conditions
a. Bathymetry
b. Temperature
c. Salinity
d. Absorption in the seabed
e. Volume attenuation in the water – significant for high frequencies
![Page 22: Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator - DHI content/presences/emea/uk... · Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator ... TTS-PTS Injury • TTS = Temporary ... (SEL,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081723/5cbd35c188c993df588b90d1/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Bathymetry and Transects
© DHI
from MIKE HD
![Page 23: Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator - DHI content/presences/emea/uk... · Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator ... TTS-PTS Injury • TTS = Temporary ... (SEL,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081723/5cbd35c188c993df588b90d1/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Broad band noise source in 1/3 Octave
© DHI
![Page 24: Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator - DHI content/presences/emea/uk... · Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator ... TTS-PTS Injury • TTS = Temporary ... (SEL,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081723/5cbd35c188c993df588b90d1/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Water phase
© DHI
![Page 25: Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator - DHI content/presences/emea/uk... · Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator ... TTS-PTS Injury • TTS = Temporary ... (SEL,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081723/5cbd35c188c993df588b90d1/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Seabed
© DHI Femern A/S
Geological profile
![Page 26: Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator - DHI content/presences/emea/uk... · Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator ... TTS-PTS Injury • TTS = Temporary ... (SEL,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081723/5cbd35c188c993df588b90d1/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Specifying Outputs and resolution
© DHI
![Page 27: Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator - DHI content/presences/emea/uk... · Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator ... TTS-PTS Injury • TTS = Temporary ... (SEL,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081723/5cbd35c188c993df588b90d1/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Work Flow - Noise Impact Assessment
© DHI
Marine species filter Impact ranges (PTS/TTS)Noise maps
Pinnipeds
High Freq. Cetaceans
![Page 28: Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator - DHI content/presences/emea/uk... · Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator ... TTS-PTS Injury • TTS = Temporary ... (SEL,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081723/5cbd35c188c993df588b90d1/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Some raw simulation results
© DHI
• Results in 1/3 Octave bands: 20 Hz – 5 kHz
*Sound exposure lever (SEL) is a measure of the total energy of the noise normalised to 1 second.
![Page 29: Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator - DHI content/presences/emea/uk... · Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator ... TTS-PTS Injury • TTS = Temporary ... (SEL,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081723/5cbd35c188c993df588b90d1/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Validation
© DHI
• Lloyds Mirror case (the sea surface acts like a mirror for acoustic energy)
• Ideal Wedge (Jensen and Ferla,1990)
![Page 30: Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator - DHI content/presences/emea/uk... · Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator ... TTS-PTS Injury • TTS = Temporary ... (SEL,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081723/5cbd35c188c993df588b90d1/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Empirical UAS Validation: Measurements at Belwind OWF
29 June, 2016© DHI #37(Degraer et al. (2010): Belwind Phase 1 windfarm, foundation B10)
![Page 31: Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator - DHI content/presences/emea/uk... · Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator ... TTS-PTS Injury • TTS = Temporary ... (SEL,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081723/5cbd35c188c993df588b90d1/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
UAA development (Underwater Acoustics Analyzer): On-going
• UAS: Model for the simulation of TL (CPU consuming)
• UAA: Tool for post-processing of UAS results (instantaneous):
• Scaling of source spectrum
• Apply mitigation spectrum
• Calculate relevant metrics (SEL, SPL-zp, etc.)
• Calculate cumulative impacts (noise dose, etc.)
• Make weighting of received spectrum e.g. M-weighting
• Calculate impact ranges based on various impact criteria for specific receptors
• Make transect plots, line plots, spectral plots
• In short: Prepare your Environmental Impact Asessment applying the UAA
29 June, 2016© DHI #38
![Page 32: Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator - DHI content/presences/emea/uk... · Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator ... TTS-PTS Injury • TTS = Temporary ... (SEL,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081723/5cbd35c188c993df588b90d1/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
6/29/2016 42
Noise Dose Impacts
TTS single strike = 700 m
(SL = 207 dB re 1µPa2 . s, N = 2400 strikes, TL = 15 log (r)
TTS: acoustic dose
![Page 33: Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator - DHI content/presences/emea/uk... · Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator ... TTS-PTS Injury • TTS = Temporary ... (SEL,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081723/5cbd35c188c993df588b90d1/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
6/29/2016 43
TTS single strike = 700 m TTS 1 h = 12.5 km
(SL = 207 dB re 1µPa2 . s, N = 2400 strikes, TL = 15 log (r))
TTS: acoustic dose
![Page 34: Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator - DHI content/presences/emea/uk... · Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator ... TTS-PTS Injury • TTS = Temporary ... (SEL,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081723/5cbd35c188c993df588b90d1/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
29 June, 2016© DHI #44
Beluga whale sound response modelling Dynamic Risk Assessment Model for
Acoustic Disturbance
![Page 35: Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator - DHI content/presences/emea/uk... · Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator ... TTS-PTS Injury • TTS = Temporary ... (SEL,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081723/5cbd35c188c993df588b90d1/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Marine Strategy Framework Directive
Acute exposure to loud, low and
mid frequency impulsive sounds
Gaps in distribution due to
behavioural alterations (11.1.1)
Chronic exposure to continuous low
frequency sound
• Communication difficulties caused by
low frequency noise (11.2.1)
(OSPAR 2009; Tasker et al. 2010)
![Page 36: Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator - DHI content/presences/emea/uk... · Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator ... TTS-PTS Injury • TTS = Temporary ... (SEL,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081723/5cbd35c188c993df588b90d1/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
29 June, 2016© DHI #46
• Update on Southall 2007 noise exposure criteria in preparation
• NOAA Guidance for Assessing the Effects of Anthropogenic Sound
on Marine Mammals in preparation
Exposure criteria
![Page 37: Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator - DHI content/presences/emea/uk... · Introduction to Underwater Acoustics Simulator ... TTS-PTS Injury • TTS = Temporary ... (SEL,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081723/5cbd35c188c993df588b90d1/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Questions
© DHI