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Introduction to US Health Care

• HS230 Health Care Administration

• Kaplan University

• Unit 7: Research & Technology

• Chapter 6

• Kathy Lantz, MHS, MBA

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Introduction to US Health Care

Chapter 6

Research and Technology

Understanding Medical Research

• Fundamental breakthrough in medical science has been the development and application of scientific method

• A way to study and understand human wellness

• Relies on making a shift from the superstition-bound ideas of the centuries past

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• Observation• Inquiry• Hypothesis• Experimentation• Theory

Vocabulary Quiz

Multiple Choice

Modern medical research focuses on which of the following:

1) How the human body works2) How environmental, biological and

psychological conditions affect the body3) How the body responds to illness and injury4) All of the above

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Answer

4) All of the above

Modern medical research questions and probes ALL areas related directly of indirectly to health and wellness.

See text page 142

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Perception of Medication

Early twentieth century:

• Herbal remedies

• Addictive pain relievers

• Palliative

Mid twentieth century :

• Penicillin• Curative potential

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Noteworthy Medical Advances

Advances in…

• Knowledge• Diagnostic

Techniques• Treatment Options /

Interventions• Pharmaceuticals• Information and

Communication Technologies

• How the body works

• How various conditions affect the body

• How body responds to pathology and intervention

• How disease agents function

Short Answer

What is a disease agent?

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Disease Agent

A pathogen or an agent that causes disease, especially a living microorganism such as a bacterium, virus, or fungus.

Text page 144

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following is not a key in understanding how disease agents function?

1)Age2)Transmission3)Life cycle4)Genesis

Text page 144

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Disease Agents Functions

• Genesis: how they form and where they come from

• Transmission: how they are spread from person to person

• Life Cycle: how does a disease agent grow and develop in the human body

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Noteworthy Medical Advances

Advances in…

• Knowledge

• Diagnostic Techniques

• Treatment Options / Interventions

• Pharmaceuticals• Information and

Communication Technologies

• MRI scans

• CT scans

• Intervention radiology

Vocabulary Quiz

Advances in Diagnostic Techniques:

• MRI Scans• CT Scans• Interventional Radiology

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following is not a common diagnostic tool?

1)MRI scans2)Gene therapy3)CT scans4)Interventional radiology

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Short Answer

What are CT scans?

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CT Scans

Computed tomography (CT) takes

x-rays images of various angles around the body and then uses computer data analysis to show cross sections of various organs and tissues within the body.

Text page 145

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Noteworthy Medical Advances

Advances in…

• Knowledge• Diagnostic

Techniques• Treatment Options /

Interventions• Pharmaceuticals

• Information and Communication Technologies

• Process-management systems

• Clinical information interfaces and data analysis

• Telemedicine and remote monitoring

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Noteworthy Medical Advances

Advances in…

• Knowledge• Diagnostic Techniques

• Treatment Options Interventions

• Pharmaceuticals• Information and

Communication Technologies

• Minimally invasive procedures

• Devices / techniques to reduce need for surgery

• Gene therapy

• Xeno-transplantation

• Organ / tissue transplantation

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Noteworthy Medical Advances

Advances in…

• Knowledge• Diagnostic Techniques• Treatment Options /

Interventions

• Pharmaceuticals

• Information and Communication Technologies

• Superstatins

• Selective serotonin inhibitors (SSRIs)

• Quinolone antibiotics

Short Answer

What are quinolone antibiotics?

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Quinolone Antibiotics

A class of antibiotics that are effective against a larger microbial spectrum. This gives the physician the ability to prescribe these drugs that treat a wider array of infections and treat more people in more varied way, which ultimately lower health care costs.

Text page 147

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Short Answer

What is the CDC?

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CDC

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is the nation’s primary public health agency under the auspices of the DHHS (Department of Health and Human Services).

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Short Answer

What does NIH mean?

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National Institutes of Health (NIH)

• Part of U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

• Conducts research• Composed of 27 institutes and centers

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Academic Health Centers

• Include medical school, other program, & teaching hospital

• Influence of WWII• Increased funding of

NIH• Expansion of clinical

enterprise– ICUs, burn centers,

heart transplant programs, etc.

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Funding Research

Public Funds Private Donors or Benefactors

• Increasing

• Driven by profit

• Only fund “profitable” research?

• Objective?

• Declining

• Federal, state, and local governments

• Apply for funding

True or False

Private foundations provide money to fund medical research in which they have an interest.

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True or False

Public funding for medical research has increased.

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Short Essay Question

Discuss the costs of medical advances on health care.

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Costs of Medical Advances

• As research in health care grows, new and advanced methods of treating disease are discovered

• The cost of research is great so the cost of healthcare treatment is high.

• New advanced treatments are in great demand which tends to sustain the high cost.

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Cost of Medical Advances

• As treatment saturates the market and as initial costs are spread out over the market, costs decrease.

• The cycle from high cost and demand to lower costs and market saturation can take months or even years.

• Laser eye surgery is an example of this cycle.

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Terminology Quiz

AHCsDisease Agent

NIHTheory

Scientific MethodInquiry

Hypothesis6 - 34

Unit 7 Quiz

(4) Multiple Choice(6) T or F

(5) Short Answers(1) Short Essay

Chapter 6: Research & Technology

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