Introduction to wind parks SCADA systems

Cataldo Pignatale

Product Support ManagerVestas Italia S.r.l.

Desire-Net Project

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Session Contents

• Aim: at the end of this session participants will have a quick overview of the fundaments of a modern wind park SCADA system

• Duration: 20-25min

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Agenda

• Basics• Why a SCADA system• Evolution• Requirements• SCADA components in wind parks

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Basics

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Basics

DefinitionSCADA=Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition

SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) system refers to the combination of telemetry and data acquisition. It consists of collecting information, transferring it back to a central site, carrying out necessary analysis and control, and then displaying this data on a number of operator screens.

The SCADA system is used to monitor and control a plant or equipment. Control may be automatic or can be initiated by operator commands.

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Basics

What is based on• The central SCADA master system.• A communications network.• The RTU's. Remote Telemetry (or Terminal) Units.• Field instrumentation

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Basics

DCSSimilar to the SCADA systems are the Distributed Control Systems (DCS).The DCS is usually used in factories and located within a more confined area.It uses a high-speed communications medium, such as local area network (LAN). A significant amount of closed loop control is present on the system.

The SCADA system covers larger geographical areas. It may rely on a variety of communication links such as radio and telephone. Closed loop control is not a high priority in this system.

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Basics

In the wind industry• Communication interface on the device that has to be

controlled• Communication network• Communication concentrator• “Server” unit• “Client” unit• Man to machine interface

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Why a SCADA system

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Why a SCADA system?

Wind turbines are made to operate unattended!

Manufacturer point of view• Fulfill contractual obbligations on service & reduce

service costs• Get feed-back for product development

Operator/Owner point of view• Verify contractor obbligations• Reporting (various levels)• Integration of different windparks over the country

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Why a SCADA system?

External requirements• Wind power plant operation• Fulfillment of grid operator requirements

• Active power control• Cooperation to reactive power control• Balck-star connection• Etc.

• Forecasting tools

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Evolution

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Evolution

Yesterday• Few status signals• Historical data processed at centralized level (raw

signals collection)• Dedicated HW• Dial-up remote connection

Today• WTG=IFD (Intelligent Field Device)• Historical data processed in the WTG• Commercial HW• Broadband connection (Point to many)

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Requirements

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Requirements

Low demand systems• No external database• Rely on wind turbines internal memory (limited

ammount of data)• No data back-up functionalities• Limited number of wind turbines to be connected• Impossible to connect devices other than

windturbines• No customized features• Standard reporting

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Requirements

Professional systems• External database• Impossible data loss • Back-up functionalities• Unlimited number of turbines connected• Possible to connect devices other than

windturbines (revenue meters, metereological stations, PLCs, etc)

• Custom features available• Advanced and custom reporting available• High security• Possibility of interfacing other devices on several

different protocols• Etc…

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SCADA components for wind parks

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Communication port

Ethernet port

Optic RS232 port

• Hardwired I/O• Serial communication ports (RS232, RS485,

Optical, etc.)• Ethernet

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Communication Protocols

• Proprietary

• Industrial protocols (ModBus, DNP3,…)

• Standardised protocols: IEC61400-25

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Communication network

1:OVERVIEW 2003 jan 27RUN- Power------Gen.----Rotor---Wind---Pitch

1538 kW 1684 rpm 18 rpm 8.9 0.4°RB27

1:OVERVIEW 2003 jan 27RUN- Power------Gen.----Rotor---Wind---Pitch

1538 kW 1684 rpm 18 rpm 8.9 0.4°RB24

1:OVERVIEW 2003 jan 27RUN- Power------Gen.----Rotor---Wind---Pitch

1538 kW 1684 rpm 18 rpm 8.9 0.4°RB25

1:OVERVIEW 2003 jan 27RUN- Power------Gen.----Rotor---Wind---Pitch

1538 kW 1684 rpm 18 rpm 8.9 0.4°SERVER

Location: Cabin near substation

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Patch panel

Patch panel

Patch panel

ADSL RouterFirewall

• Serial• Copper wires• Optic fibres

• Ethernet• Ethernet

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Communication concentrator

• Multiplexer/modem• ISDN• PSTN• GSM

• Router• Analog• ISDN• ADSL/xDSL/Satellite

Internet

OptionalVPN Tunnels

ISP

ISP

ISP

ADSL RouterFirewall

Analogue, ISDN, ADSL, FWA

Analogue, ISDN, ADSL, FWA

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Server

Device that manages the continuous collection of data from the units in the wind power plant.Eventually collected data are stored in a central database and used for operating and managing the wind power plant. •Dedicated HW•Host PC•Industrial servers

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Client

Device hosting the HMI (Human to Machine Interface), the operator's user interface for viewing instant data as well as accessing and processing the collected data from all units in the wind power plant as well as for viewing instantaneous data from the units.

•Remote panels•Client SW hosted in PC

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