invertebrate animals by phylum porifera cnidaria platyhelminthes nematoda mollusca annelida...
TRANSCRIPT
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Invertebrate Animals by Phylum
PoriferaCnidaria
PlatyhelminthesNematodaMolluscaAnnelida
Arthropoda
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What’s a PHYLUM?
• Phylum: a taxonomic grouping of similar classes of organisms
• Translation: a “phylum” is a GROUP of organisms who have a lot in common
• Phyla are big, huge CLADES, just below KINGDOMS in size and just above CLASSES in size
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What’s an INVERTEBRATE?
• Definition: an animal without a backbone.
• None of the animals so far have had backbones, but we’re not done yet!
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On to the Phyla!• Porifera • Cnidaria• Platyhelminthes• Nematoda• Mollusca• Annelida • Arthropoda
Already covered in detail.
Today’s Focus. But what do you already know?
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Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum Porifera• The first animals: SPONGES!
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Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum Porifera• The first animals: SPONGES!• Asymmetrical body plan
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Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum Porifera• The first animals: SPONGES!• Asymmetrical body plan• Sessile adults, mobile “babies”
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Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum Porifera• The first animals: SPONGES!• Asymmetrical body plan• Sessile adults, mobile “babies”• Filter-feed to eat
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Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum Porifera• The first animals: SPONGES!• Asymmetrical body plan• Sessile adults, mobile “babies”• Filter-feed to eat• Reproduce Sexually: pump sperm into water
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Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum Porifera• The first animals: SPONGES!• Asymmetrical body plan• Sessile adults, mobile “babies”• Filter-feed to eat• Reproduce Sexually: pump sperm into water• Reproduce Asexually: by “budding”
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Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum Porifera• Asymmetrical body plan• Sessile adults, mobile “babies”• Filter-feed to eat• Reproduce Sexually: pump sperm into water• Reproduce Asexually: by “budding”• No internal organs; acoelomate
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Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum Porifera• Asymmetrical body plan• Sessile adults, mobile “babies”• Filter-feed to eat• Reproduce Sexually: pump sperm into water • Reproduce Asexually: by “budding”• No digestive tract• No internal organs; acoelomate• Key adaptations:
Have all general “animal” traits• Special:
– held together by collagen, spicules for defense, complete regeneration!!!!1!
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Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum Cnidaria!• The First MOVERS: Sea Anemones & Jellyfish!
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Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum Cnidaria 2 radially symmetrical body plans: POLYP and MEDUSA
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Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum Cnidaria• Sea Anemones & Jellyfish!• 2 radially symmetrical body plans: POLYP and MEDUSA
• Usually sessile polyps, mobile medusas
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Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum Cnidaria• Sea Anemones & Jellyfish!• 2 radially symmetrical body plans: POLYP and MEDUSA
• Sessile polyps, Mobile medusas• Nutrition: actively capture prey
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Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum Cnidaria• Sea Anemones & Jellyfish!• 2 radially symmetrical body plans: POLYP and MEDUSA
• Sessile polyps, Mobile medusas• Actively capture prey• Adults reproduce sexually
and are dioecious• Moon jelly polyps reproduce
asexually by budding
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Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum Cnidaria• Sea Anemones & Jellyfish!• 2 radially symmetrical body plans: POLYP and MEDUSA
• Sessile polyps, Mobile medusas• Actively capture prey• Reproduction:
– mostly sexual (dioecious: 2 separate sexes)– Moon Jelly polyps reproduce asexually (by budding)
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PoriferaCnidariaPlatyhelminthesNematodaMolluscaAnnelidaArthropoda
Phylum Cnidaria• 2 radially symmetrical body plans: POLYP and MEDUSA
• Sessile polyps, Mobile medusas• Actively capture prey• Reproduction:
– mostly sexual (dioecious: 2 separate sexes)– Moon Jelly polyps reproduce asexually (by budding)
• Key adaptations: – Movement (nerve net, 2 sets of muscles) – Incomplete Digestive Tract (mouth, stomach, no anus) – Behavior (capture prey, fight, mate)
• Special:– Liquid Skeleton, nematocysts, tentacles
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Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum Platyhelminthes!Planarian Flatworms • Habitat: salt and freshwater
Parasitic Flatworms• Habitat: inside other animals
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Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum PlatyhelminthesPlanarian Flatworms • Habitat: salt and freshwater• Body plan: bilateral symmetry,
cephalization (has a head)
Parasitic Flatworms• Habitat: inside other animals• Body plan: bilateral symmetry,
cephalization (has a head)
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Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum PlatyhelminthesPlanarian Flatworms • Habitat: salt and freshwater• Body plan: bilateral symmetry,
cephalization (has a head)• Locomotion: ripple to swim
Parasitic Flatworms• Habitat: inside other animals• Body plan: bilateral symmetry,
cephalization (has a head)• Locomotion: sessile inside host
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Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum PlatyhelminthesPlanarian Flatworms • Habitat: salt and freshwater• Body plan: bilateral symmetry,
cephalization (has a head)• Locomotion: ripple to swim• Nutrition: hunts for food,
Parasitic Flatworms• Habitat: inside other animals• Body plan: bilateral symmetry,
cephalization (has a head)• Locomotion: sessile inside host• Nutrition: steals host’s food;
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Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum PlatyhelminthesPlanarian Flatworms • Habitat: salt and freshwater• Body plan: bilateral symmetry,
cephalization (has a head)• Locomotion: ripple to swim• Nutrition: hunts for food, tube-
like “pharynx” for mouth• Reproduction: sexual
hermaphroditism, asexual regeneration
Parasitic Flatworms• Habitat: inside other animals• Body plan: bilateral symmetry,
cephalization (has a head)• Locomotion: sessile inside host• Nutrition: steals host’s food;
head is “scolex” with suckers• Reproduction: sexual (complex
parasitic life cycle)
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Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum PlatyhelminthesPlanarian Flatworms • Habitat: salt and freshwater• Body plan: bilateral symmetry,
cephalized• Locomotion: ripple to swim• Nutrition: hunts for food, tube-like
“pharynx” for mouth• sexual hermaphrodites, asexual
regeneration• Key adaptations:
– bilateral symmetry, arrow-shaped head, sense organs, ganglia
Parasitic Flatworms• Habitat: inside other animals• Body plan: bilateral symmetry,
cephalized• Locomotion: sessile inside host• Nutrition: steals host’s food; head is
a “scolex” with suckers• Reproduction: sexual (complex
parasitic life cycle)• Key adaptations:
– bilateral symmetry, arrow-shaped head, sense organs, ganglia
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Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum Nematoda!• Common name: ROUNDWORMS• Body plan: bilateral symmetry, cylindrical
body with tapered ends
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Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum Nematoda• Locomotion: twitching, flicking motion
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Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum Nematoda
Eat micro-organisms in soil
Parasitic roundworms Eat off of host
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PoriferaCnidariaPlatyhelminthesNematodaMolluscaAnnelidaArthropoda
Phylum Nematoda• Reproduction:
– Sexual; separate males and females; females bigger
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PoriferaCnidariaPlatyhelminthesNematodaMolluscaAnnelidaArthropoda
Phylum Nematoda• Coelom?
– Has some organs, just no COELOM to hold them!– Psuedocoelomate.
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PoriferaCnidariaPlatyhelminthesNematodaMolluscaAnnelidaArthropoda
Phylum Nematoda• New adaptations
–Complete digestive tract (an anus!)–Semi-terrestrial
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Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum Mollusca!• 3 Classes of Mollusks:
– Bivalves• “two shelled” • Clams & oysters
– Gastropods • “stomache foot”• Snails & slugs
– Cephalopods• “head foot”• Octopi, squids, and cuttlefish
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• Body Plan: Bilateral symmetry, soft body with a hard shell (usually)
Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum Mollusca
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• Nutrition: – Active hunters
and grazers– Scrape up
food w/ radula
Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum Mollusca
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• Reproduction: – Sexual– Non-hermaphroditic (dioecious)– Both internal and external fertilization
Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum Mollusca
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• Key adaptations:–COELOMATE!–Advanced eyes–Open circulatory system
• Special:–High intelligence, hard shell, beak, jet
propulsion
Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum Mollusca
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• Representative species: earthworms, leeches, polychaetes
• AKA “Segmented Worms”
Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum Annelida!
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• Body Plan:–Bilaterally symmetrical–Long, thin, segmented body
• New Adaptations:–Segmentation–Closed circulatory system
Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum Annelida
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Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum Annelida• Nutrition:
–Some filter-feed–Some graze on plants–Some parasites–Some are vicious predators
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• Reproduction:– All kinds!
• Mostly sexual
– Some hermaphroditic– Some dioecious
• Some asexual– Cut in half, have two worms
• Mostly internal fertilization, some external
Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum Annelida
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• New adaptations:– Closed circulatory system
• More efficient delivery of blood/oxygen
– Segmentation• allows better movement and sequential parts
• Locomotion:– Peristaltic movement– Parapodia – Setae for traction
Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum Annelida
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• The conquerors! • Representatives:
– insects– arachnids – crustaceans
Probably more than ten million species.Whoa.
Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Finally: Phylum Arthropoda
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• Body Plan: – Bilateral symmetry– Segmented– Exoskeleton– Jointed appendages– Many internal organs
There MUST be a coelom to hold it all in place!
Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum Arthropoda
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• Nutrition: Very diverse!– Herbivores AND carnivores. . . – Grazers, hunters, trappers, parasites. . .
• Locomotion: Very diverse!• Some fly, some swim, some walk or dig
They’re everywhere, eating everything!
Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum Arthropoda
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• Reproduction: Very diverse!– Mostly dioecious– Mostly internal fertilization– Mostly have complex metamorphic life cycles.
• (lay eggs, larvae hatch, larvae grow and metamorphose into adults)
Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum Arthropoda
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• New adaptations:– Jointed appendages
• used for SO MANY THINGS
– Exoskeleton• Protection, anchor muscles, keeps water in body
– Respiratory system• For being totally terrestrial!
– Terrestrial
Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phylum Arthropoda
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Porifera - Sponges
Cnidaria - Jellyfish, Sea Anemones, Hydras
Platyhelminthes - Flatworms
Nematoda - Roundworms
Mollusca - Bivalves, Gastropods, Cephalopods
Annelida - Segmented Worms
Arthropoda - Insects, Arachnids, Crustaceans
Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phyla: where we’ve been.
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Echinodermata Chordata
? ?
Any guesses about these guys?
Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Phyla: where we’re going.
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Echinodermata Chordata
Here they aaare: