invertebrate diversity chapter 33. the ancestors protists: choanoflagellates – colonies formed/...
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Invertebrate DiversityChapter 33
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The Ancestors
• Protists: Choanoflagellates– Colonies formed/ turned into super
colonies
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Porifera – The Sponges
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Porifera – The Sponges
• Asymmetrical body plan• No tissue layer• Sexual reproduction -
hemaphroditic• Sessile filter feeder• Grouped based on
“skeleton” type.• Can form gemmules for
protection.
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Gemmules
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Cnidaria
• Examples: jellyfish, anemones, hydra and coral
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Cnidaria
• Named for cnidocytes
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Cnidaria
• Diploblastic• Two body forms: polyp & medusa• Grouped based on amount of life spent as
polyp or medusa
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Cnidaria
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Platyhelminthes - Flatworms
• Examples: planaria, liver flukes, tapeworms
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Platyhelminthes - Flatworms
• Bilateral symmetry• Simple organ
systems• Reproduce sexually
and asexually• Acoelomate• Triploblasitc• Most are parasitic
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Rotifera
Named for feeding rotorsPseudocoelomatesReproduce via parthenogenisisHave an anus!
Images from http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk
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Nematoda – Roundworms• Found in most aquatic habitats, soil, and in plant and animal tissues• Parasitic – hookworms, pinworms, round worms, heart worms
.
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Nematoda – Roundworms
• Pseudocoelomates
• Simple organs
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Annelida – Segmented Worms
• Examples: earthworms, fireworms, leeches
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Annelida – Segmented Worms
• “Little rings” –repeating segments, some specialized
• Coelomates• Setae• Parapodia
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Annelida – Segmented Worms
• Fairly complex anatomy
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Mollusca
• Largest classes:– Gastropods– Bivalves– Cephalopods
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MolluscaMuscular foot Head
Visceral Mass
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Arthropoda• “Jointed foot”• Crustaceans-hexapods-myriapods-cheliceroforms
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Arthropoda
• Most successful animal phyla – 67% of all species!
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Arthropoda• Exoskeleton – ecdysis• Open circulatory system• Tracheal tubes• Spiracels vs. book lungs• Malpighian tubules
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Echinodermata
• “Spiny Skin”• No head or brain• Radial symmetry• Simple anatomy• Deuterostomes• Endoskeleton• Tube feet• Water vascular system
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classificationKingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Arachnida
Order: Araneae
Family: Theridiidae
Genus: Latrodectus
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Species• Latrodectus Walckenaer, 1805• Latrodectus antheratus (Badcock, 1932) — Paraguay, Argentina• Latrodectus apicalis Butler, 1877 — Galapagos Islands• Latrodectus bishopi Kaston, 1938 — USA• Latrodectus cinctus Blackwall, 1865 — Cape Verde Islands, Africa, Kuwait• Latrodectus corallinus Abalos, 1980 — Argentina• Latrodectus curacaviensis (Müller, 1776) — Lesser Antilles, South America• Latrodectus dahli Levi, 1959 — Middle East to Central Asia• Latrodectus diaguita Carcavallo, 1960 — Argentina• Latrodectus elegans Thorell, 1898 — China, Myanmar, Japan• Latrodectus erythromelas Schmidt & Klaas, 1991 — Sri Lanka• Latrodectus geometricus C. L. Koch, 1841 — Cosmopolitan• Latrodectus hasselti Thorell, 1870 — Southeast Asia to Australia, New Zealand• Latrodectus hesperus Chamberlin & Ivie, 1935 — North America, Israel• Latrodectus hystrix Simon, 1890 — Yemen, Socotra• Latrodectus indistinctus O. P.-Cambridge, 1904 — Namibia, South Africa• Latrodectus karrooensis Smithers, 1944 — South Africa• Latrodectus katipo Powell, 1871 — New Zealand• Latrodectus lilianae Melic, 2000 — Spain• Latrodectus mactans (Fabricius, 1775) — probably native to North America only (introduced elsewhere)• Latrodectus menavodi Vinson, 1863 — Madagascar, Comoro Islands• Latrodectus mirabilis (Holmberg, 1876) — Argentina• Latrodectus obscurior Dahl, 1902 — Cape Verde Islands, Madagascar• Latrodectus pallidus O. P.-Cambridge, 1872 — Cape Verde Islands, Libya to Russia, Iran• Latrodectus quartus Abalos, 1980 — Argentina• Latrodectus renivulvatus Dahl, 1902 — Africa, Saudi Arabia, Yemen• Latrodectus revivensis Shulov, 1948 — Israel• Latrodectus rhodesiensis Mackay, 1972 — Southern Africa• Latrodectus tredecimguttatus (Rossi, 1790) — Mediterranean to China• Latrodectus variegatus Nicolet, 1849 — Chile, Argentina• Latrodectus variolus Walckenaer, 1837 — USA, Canada