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Investigating the Mineral Potential of Brines in Southeastern Saskatchewan of Brines in Southeastern Saskatchewan Examining the potential of a Examining the potential of a brine industry in Saskatchewan G.K.S. Jensen www.er.gov.sk.ca

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Page 1: Investigating the Mineral Potential of Brines in Southeastern Saskatchewan … · 2010. 3. 18. · contaminated sample from a drill stem test. No potash shaft samples at this

Investigating the Mineral Potential of Brines in Southeastern Saskatchewanof Brines in Southeastern Saskatchewan

Examining the potential of aExamining the potential of a brine industry in Saskatchewan

G.K.S. Jensen

www.er.gov.sk.ca

Page 2: Investigating the Mineral Potential of Brines in Southeastern Saskatchewan … · 2010. 3. 18. · contaminated sample from a drill stem test. No potash shaft samples at this

Study MotivationStudy Motivation• Possibility of a new industry in 

Saskatchewan.• Global demand increasing for• Global demand increasing for 

Lithium, Iodine and other trace elements.

• Utilizing  a substance that is already b h fbrought to surface.

www.er.gov.sk.ca

Page 3: Investigating the Mineral Potential of Brines in Southeastern Saskatchewan … · 2010. 3. 18. · contaminated sample from a drill stem test. No potash shaft samples at this

Previous ResearchPrevious Research

• 2002‐ Brine Sampling Program involved the Ministry of Energy andinvolved the Ministry of Energy and Resources. 

• This study is building upon the y g presults from the 2002 paper. 

• This study will only investigate samples collected from currentlysamples collected from currently producing wellheads  therefore minimizing the risk of a contaminated sample from a drill stem test No potash shaft samplesstem test. No potash shaft  samples at this point.

• Markets have changed.g

www.er.gov.sk.ca

Page 4: Investigating the Mineral Potential of Brines in Southeastern Saskatchewan … · 2010. 3. 18. · contaminated sample from a drill stem test. No potash shaft samples at this

Why trace ion data is limitedWhy trace ion data is limited

• Oil companies typically aren’t interested in trace ions Major ions

Formation water Stiff plots

interested in trace ions. Major ions that are analyzed include:Cl, Na, K, Mg, HCO3, SO4, Fe, CO3

• Stiff plots are produced to hi ll di l h h i fgraphically display  the chemistry of 

the formation water.• Recently trace elements have been 

utilized to “fingerprint” and g pdetermine the evolution of the formation water.

• The reproducibility is often a problem with trace ions, dilutionproblem with trace ions, dilution factor.

• New analytical techniques for Br,I have increased measurement precisionprecision.

www.er.gov.sk.ca

Page 5: Investigating the Mineral Potential of Brines in Southeastern Saskatchewan … · 2010. 3. 18. · contaminated sample from a drill stem test. No potash shaft samples at this

Neutron Activation AnalysisNeutron Activation Analysis

• Developed at the University of Alberta with the SLOWPOKE N l R t D t iNuclear Reactor. Determines the total Bromine and Iodine in solution.  

• Iodine is scavenged from solution via sorption to iron hydro oxides once the sample is subjected to atmospheric conditions. 

• This talk will focus on Lithium & Iodine

Page 6: Investigating the Mineral Potential of Brines in Southeastern Saskatchewan … · 2010. 3. 18. · contaminated sample from a drill stem test. No potash shaft samples at this

World  Lithium Production & Demand World  Lithium Production & Demand 

• 2011‐ Lithium production will be 104‐115,000 tonnes.1

• By 2020‐ world demand could reach  between 280, 000 to 360,000 tonnes.1

www.er.gov.sk.ca 1. Industrial minerals Apr. 2011

Page 7: Investigating the Mineral Potential of Brines in Southeastern Saskatchewan … · 2010. 3. 18. · contaminated sample from a drill stem test. No potash shaft samples at this

Lithium demand next decadeLithium demand next decade

• Future demand looks to at least to• Future demand looks to at least to double by 2020.1

• The surge in demand is based upon g pmobile energy. i.e phones batteries  (a few grams) and electric car batteries ( 30 kg).2

• Li prices have increased 10 times in the last 5 years.2

www.er.gov.sk.ca

1. Industrial minerals Apr. 20112. Scientific American Mar. 18, 2010

Page 8: Investigating the Mineral Potential of Brines in Southeastern Saskatchewan … · 2010. 3. 18. · contaminated sample from a drill stem test. No potash shaft samples at this

Lithium Potential from Brines• Two recent articles from 2011

• Developing industry

www.er.gov.sk.ca

Page 9: Investigating the Mineral Potential of Brines in Southeastern Saskatchewan … · 2010. 3. 18. · contaminated sample from a drill stem test. No potash shaft samples at this

Iodine ProductionIodine Production

• World Production, 2010Country (Metric tons)1 Chil 18 0001. Chile 18, 0002. Japan 9,8003. China 5904. Russian Federation             3005. Azerbaijan                            3006. Turkmenistan                       2707. Indonesia                                758. Uzbekistan                                28 U be sta

• United States produces Iodine in Oklahoma and Montana (Iofina), however production volumes are i hh ldwithheld.3

• Iofina, wellhead extraction technology (WET), mobile

www.er.gov.sk.ca 3. USGS 2011

Page 10: Investigating the Mineral Potential of Brines in Southeastern Saskatchewan … · 2010. 3. 18. · contaminated sample from a drill stem test. No potash shaft samples at this

Iodine ConsumptionIodine Consumption

• USA accounts for around 3% of global production. Which supplies b t 12% f d ti d d

Iodine consumption by countryabout 12% of domestic demand.

• The price of Iodine jumped following the Japanese nuclear disaster, from

p y y

the Japanese nuclear disaster, from $24/kg to $80 /kg

www.er.gov.sk.ca1. Source: SQM

Page 11: Investigating the Mineral Potential of Brines in Southeastern Saskatchewan … · 2010. 3. 18. · contaminated sample from a drill stem test. No potash shaft samples at this

First Stage is Lower Paleozoic in First Stage is Lower Paleozoic in Southeastern SaskatchewanSoutheastern SaskatchewanSoutheastern SaskatchewanSoutheastern Saskatchewan

• Sampled lower Paleozoic wells in southeastern Saskatchewan

• Sampled 30 wells over 5 days.• Each sample taken directly from well 

head.• Next phase will be Mississippian SE• Next phase will be Mississippian SE 

and southwest portion of the province.

www.er.gov.sk.ca

Page 12: Investigating the Mineral Potential of Brines in Southeastern Saskatchewan … · 2010. 3. 18. · contaminated sample from a drill stem test. No potash shaft samples at this

Samples by FormationSamples by Formation

• Devonian aged Birdbear formation: 6 samples6 samples

• Devonian aged Duperow formation: 1 sample1 sample

• Devonian aged Winnipegosis formation:  9 samples 

• Ordovician aged Red River formation: 13 samples

Page 13: Investigating the Mineral Potential of Brines in Southeastern Saskatchewan … · 2010. 3. 18. · contaminated sample from a drill stem test. No potash shaft samples at this

Sample LocationsSample Locations

Page 14: Investigating the Mineral Potential of Brines in Southeastern Saskatchewan … · 2010. 3. 18. · contaminated sample from a drill stem test. No potash shaft samples at this

Importance of Sampling ProtocolImportance of Sampling Protocol

• Only 2 Duperow wells are currently producing in Saskatchewanproducing in Saskatchewan.

• However due to flooding only one well was operating when we were 

lisampling.

• Watercut on lone producing well was low 12% uncertain of volumewas low, 12%, uncertain of volume of water for analysis.

• Sample from the treater tank was taken.T k l h d ll• Treater tank only had one well supplying it. Oil and brine are separated within the treater tank.

www.er.gov.sk.ca

Page 15: Investigating the Mineral Potential of Brines in Southeastern Saskatchewan … · 2010. 3. 18. · contaminated sample from a drill stem test. No potash shaft samples at this

Importance of Sampling ProtocolImportance of Sampling Protocol

• Wellhead sample only Chloride and bromide was analyzed due to lowbromide was analyzed due to low sample volume.Cl 185 800 mg/LBr 262 mg/L

• Treater SampleCl 95 200 mg/LB 137 /LBr 137 mg/L

• Treater  sample is not representative of Duperow formation waterof Duperow formation water

• Always take a sample directly from the well head/ pump jack.

www.er.gov.sk.ca

Page 16: Investigating the Mineral Potential of Brines in Southeastern Saskatchewan … · 2010. 3. 18. · contaminated sample from a drill stem test. No potash shaft samples at this

Preliminary Results of Sample Preliminary Results of Sample AnalysisAnalysisAnalysisAnalysis

• Lithium ranged from 9 to 79 mg/LDuperow treater sample was 79 mg/LDuperow  treater sample was 79 mg/LWinnipegosis samples Li>45 mg/LBirdbear samples Li~40 mg/LRed River Samples Li> 40 mg/LRed River Samples Li> 40 mg/L

• Iodine 3 analysis at presentRed River  7.1mg/Lg/Winnipegosis 11.5 mg/LBirdbear 33 mg/L

www.er.gov.sk.ca

Page 17: Investigating the Mineral Potential of Brines in Southeastern Saskatchewan … · 2010. 3. 18. · contaminated sample from a drill stem test. No potash shaft samples at this

Mass calculation of Li & I (2 wells)  Mass calculation of Li & I (2 wells)  

• 2 Birdbear producing wells:I= 33 mg/LI= 33 mg/LLi= 40 mg/LCombined average daily production is 195 m3 of formation water.So..

195 m3 = 195 000 L33mg/L *195 000 L = 6 435 000 mg or 6.435 kg of I

40 mg/L * 195 000L = 7 800 000 mg or 7.8 kg of  Li

B d 100%• Based on 100% recovery• Feasibility will depend on  the recovery rate.    

www.er.gov.sk.ca

Page 18: Investigating the Mineral Potential of Brines in Southeastern Saskatchewan … · 2010. 3. 18. · contaminated sample from a drill stem test. No potash shaft samples at this

SummarySummary

• Initial results seem promising .

• More sampling needs to be done to determine the concentrations in other formations.

• As market price increases the economics will help the development of a brine industrydevelopment of a brine industry.

• Better recovery rates will also help the development of the industry. 

• Full set of results will be released in an open file report in 2012

www.er.gov.sk.ca

Page 19: Investigating the Mineral Potential of Brines in Southeastern Saskatchewan … · 2010. 3. 18. · contaminated sample from a drill stem test. No potash shaft samples at this

AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements

Scott McKnight for help in d i f ll li iproduction of well list, trip 

preparation and field sampling.  

The oil companies for allowing us to sample their wells. As well as the field operators for taking timethe field operators for taking time to collect samples for us.

www.er.gov.sk.ca