Investing in Climate and Disaster Resilience through

NCDR

Wei-Sen Li

Secretary General

National Science and Technology Center for Disaster Reduction (NCDR)

Project Launch: COASTAL CITIES AT RISK IN THE PHILIPPINESInvesting in Climate and Disaster Resilience

January 24, 2018

“The extreme” of Absolute Economic Exposure published by Maplecroft in 2011

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4 Taiwan*

Japan *US*

China *

Mexico *

IndiaPhilippines *

TurkeyIndonesia *

Italy

Canada *

Taiwan

extreme

extremeextreme

extreme

Japan

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Maplecroft's Socio-economic Resilience Index 2013- mitigate, prepare for and respond to natural disasters

Taiwan

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Institutional efforts on science-oriented disaster risk management

Program for

Enhancing Innovation

and Implementation

of Disaster Risk

Reduction

NAPHM

98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07

Phase 1 Phase 2

Pre

para

tion

08 09 10

4 Years

National Science & Technology

Program for Hazard Mitigation

11 12 13 14

4 Years

Program for

Application of

S&T on Disaster

Management

8 Years

Chi-Chi (E)Toraji (T)

Mindulle (T) Kalmaegi (T)Morakot (T)

Megi (T)

Key elements to follow

• Integrated research projects, but emphasize feasibility and

practical implementation

• Inter-and-intra government partnership for topics design and

implementation

• Always “Learn from Disasters !”

Historical events

Investment and Promotion on Sceince-based Disaster Risk Reduction – actions based on evaluations

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1

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3

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1982-1998 1998-2006 2007-2010 2011-2014 2015-2018

LPDRP

0.74 bn 2.76 bn1.48 bn3.36 bn 3.32 bn

Chi-Chi Earthquake(1999)

Typhoon Morakot(2009)

1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018

NAPHM (1,2) PEIIDR ASTDR 1 ASTDR 2

bn: billion NTD (NTD 1 bn = USD 32.3 M) LPDRP: Large-scale Projects on Disaster Research ProgramNAPHM: National Science and Technology Program for Hazard MitigationPEIIRD: Program for Enhancing Innovation and Implementation of Disaster ReductionASTDR: Program on Applying Science and Technology for Disaster Reduction

• Policy white book

• Annual review report

• Natural science, social

science, engineering,

medical science

To identify solutions for focal topics through inventory check on demand and supply of

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Topic 1. Large-scale slope-landdisaster

Topic 2. Floods

Topic 7. Systems of DRMinformation

Topic 5. Earthquakes

Topic 6. Infrastructure Safety

TyphoonFloods

Earthquakes

Social Economics

Information Platform

Focal issues

Topics setting

Progress

Topic 3. CCA and DRR

Topic 4. Drought and water resources

Topic 8. Nuclear disasters

Topic 9. Emerging issues

Sediment impacts and mitigation

Flood management platform

Extreme weather events

Mega quake in urban areas

Nuclear power, Volcano, ……

Evaluation on emergency response

Using Big Data and Open Data

Phase 1 (2010-2014) Phase 2 (2015-2018)

Infrastructure

Emerging issues

Data Model Management

Program on Applying Science and Technology for Disaster Reduction

Legal position of S&T at national government DRR framework

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(Cabinet)

How NCDR applies science and technology for disaster risk reduction and management

NCDR

Ministry of Sceince and Technology

SuperviseProvide operation funds

Propose topics

Since 2003

100 full-time staff•Natural science•Social science•Engineering•Emergency management•Business management

Major services•S&T transfer•S&T innovation•Knowledge base•Data base•International collaboration

Major products•Applied and inter-disciplinary research•Policy of DRR for central and local government•Information integration•Emergency operation (not search and rescue)•Identification of urgent needs and long-term demands•Integration of potential risk maps

Public sector•Central government

•Ministries and agencies•Local Government

•Municipalities and townships

Private sector• Universities, research

institutes• NGOs, NPOs• Communities

International outreach• IRDR, ICoE Taipei• ADRC, NIED, DPRI (JP)• PDC (US)• ADPC (TH)• NDMI (KR)• APEC EPWG

Partners and key stakeholders

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NCDR works with public and private sector – from top decision makers to communities

Assessment

Premier

Assessment

TrainingScenario-based drill

Group Discussion

Understanding disaster risk

NCDR Director

Premier and President

NCDR Director

Minister

Decision supports• Information integration• Common operating picture

Practical implementations• Knowledge transfer to co-work on hazard map• Table top exercise to raise leadership

Evidence-based operation 9

Evolutions of Emergency Management in Taiwan- collective involvement among stakeholders

Experience-based

Science-based

Information-based

• Leader: emergency responders• Tools: paper maps, radio, fax……• Actions: evacuations, S&R (during and afterwards)• Info source: 911, faxes, news……• Other stakeholders: limited participation

• Leader: ERs, scientists• New tools: digital risk maps, scenarios• Actions: early warning and evacuations,

deployments of personnel and equipment (before)• Info source: models, readings, Internet, • Other stakeholders: invited participation

• Leader: ERs, scientists, general public• New tools: social media, real-time data• Actions: risk communication, impact-based

preparedness(before)• Info source: live videos, social media,• Other stakeholders: active participation

Risk understanding

Demands on intelligencefor impact assessments

Innovations on data and information to deliver action for DRR and emergency preparedness

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Integrated information intelligence• Channels to acquire useful information – multiple sources• System of systems to integrate information – demand-oriented

Help to make timely operations• Well-organized teams – evidence-based decisions• Digital emergency preparedness – information sharing

Common operating picture to coordinate actions• Potential risk maps for planning – real time video + GIS info.• Situation maps for operation – decisive operations

learned lessons actions after Typhoon Marokot in 2009

N (data sources) to 1 (unified operation biddies) to Many (diverse users) – an example of synergy

• N kinds of data sources

– Monitoring data, numerical outputs, physical data, statistic data

– Social data, geo-data, historical data,

– Non-structure data (to foresee trend)

• 1 unified operation bodies

– EOCs at central or local governments

• Many diverse users

– Tailor-made product

– Citizens

– Decision makers

– LNGOs, INGOs

– Channel to reach users

One of the key role: Helping emergency operarion

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Operation

DivisionAdministrative

Division

Se

arc

h &

Re

scu

e

Eva

cu

atio

n

Sh

elte

ring

Life

line

syste

m

Evla

ua

tion

De

plo

ym

en

t

Ge

ne

ral s

taff

Ne

ws re

lea

s

Co

ord

ina

tion

with

priv

ate

se

cto

rs

Fo

reig

n a

id

Ad

min

istra

tion

Central Emergency

Operation CenterCommander, Co-Commanders,

Deputy Commanders

Tra

nsp

orta

tion

Ag

ricu

ltura

l loss a

nd

su

pp

ly

Chief Staff

Division

News and

Medias

Division

Fin

an

ce

Me

dic

al a

nd

en

viro

nm

en

tal a

id

Lo

gis

tics

We

b In

form

atio

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co

llectio

n

Situ

atio

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ss

es

sm

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t

Situ

atio

n M

on

itorin

g

Command Post

NCDR

• Hydro info. of river• Dam and pumping

station operation.

• Potential streams of debris flow

• monitoring and warning

• Dynamic data of Typhoon.

•Risk assessment• Technology Support

• Loss estimation,• co-ordination and

communication.

Central Emergency Operation Center (CEOC)

SituationAssessment Group

NCDR summons the meeting

NCDR

Directorate General of Highways

Central Weather Bureau

The Soil and Water

Conservation Bureau

National Fire Agency

Water Resources

Agency

• consultation

Operation of the CEOC Assessment Group (Typhoon)

Office ofDisaster Management

Situation Repost on Typhoon NESAT

No.2

National Science and Technology Center for Disaster Reduction

2017.07.29 09:30

After strength increase, NESAT continues approaching to east Taiwan. All models show its trajectory shifting northward. It will

make a landfall in Hualien tonight (7/29)

7/29 08:00

7/30 08:00

Typhoon NESAT (1709), Center Location 22.3N 123.3E, Movement: NW BECOMING WNW 18KM/HR. Minimum Pressure 960 hpa, Maximum Wind Speed 38m/s, Gust 48m/s, Radius of 15m/s 180km, Radius of 25m/s 60km.

7/29 20:00

NESAT

Tropical Depression

07/29 06 am infrared reflection

Predictions by regional weather agencies

CWB (Taiwan)JTWC (US)JMA (Japan)KMA (Korea)NMC (China)HKO (Hong Kong)

During 07/29~30, NESAT will directly affect Taiwan

Based on forecasts, NESAT will make a landfall in Hualien around 22:00 on 07/29. The impacting period will continue during 07/29-30.

Areas to be impacted by strong winds: Yilan, Hualien, Taitung, New Taipei, Taipei, Keelung, Taoyuan, Hsinchu, Miaoli

Estimated landfall time7/29 22:00

7/29 05:00

7/30 05:00

Risk of strong winds

wind speed at the level 7

wind speed at the level 7

Predicted pathwind speed at the level 10

Hualien

Taitung

Yilan

KeelungTaipeiTaoyuan

Hsinchu

Miaoli

Forecast on rainfalls concentrating in eastern and southern-middle parts

7/29 22:00

7/30 05:00

1

2

3

Approaching

Landfall

Leaving

Approaching7/28/08~7/29/20

Landfall7/29/20~7/30/08

Leaving7/30/08~7/31/08

Risk of strong rainfalls

Areas to get high intensity rainfalls: eastern, southern and central Taiwan

At phase 1 (approaching): Yilan, Hualien, Taitung, Pingtung, Kaohsiung

At Phase 2 (landfall):Hualien, Taitung, Pingtung, Kaohsiung, Tainan

At Phase 3 (leaving): Pingtung, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Chiayi, Nantou, Yunlin, Changhua, Taichung

Hualien

TaitungKaohsiung

Tainan

Chiayi

Nantou

Pingtung

Yilan

Forecasts and observations on storm surges

• From 07/29 afternoon: wave height 8-

12 meter in Yilan, Hualien

• During 07/29 night and 07/30 early

morning: wave height 4-8 meters at

waters near Penghu

High tide time on 07/29

Su-ao09:5222:41

Hualien10:0522:42

Taitung09:5622:32

Chenggong10:0022:36

Hengchun09:2722:32

Lanyu10:0822:44

21

Magong03:2415:33

Buoy data of outer sea of Taitung: wave height 8.4 meters increased from 3 meter on 07/28

Buoy data of Hualien Port: wave height 2.6 meters

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07/29

07/29

Potential flood risks

Approaching& Landfall

07/29 8:00 am-07/30 08:00 am

Leaving07/30 8:00 am-07/31 08:00 am

Areas could have floods: New Taipei, Yilan, Hualien, Pingtung, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Chiayi, Nantou, Yunlin

New Taipei

Yilan

Hualien

Pingtung

Kaohsiung

Tainan

Chiayi

Yunlin Nantou

Pingtung

Kaohsiung

Tainan

Chiayi

Yunlin

Areas with potential risksHistorical sites of floods

Potential risks of slope-land hazards

HW #8

HW #9

HW #11

HW #26

HW #20

HW #24

HW #14

HW #21

HW #11A

HW #29

HW #18

HW #27

Areas with risks: Hualien, Taitung, Yilan, Chiayi, Tainan, Kaohsiung ,Pingtung, Nantou, New Taipei, Taichung

Highways connecting to mountainous villages need monitoring, shown below.

2017/06/01 heavy rains

Disaster spots

HW #23

HW #9

HW #7

HW #7A

HW #2

2016 typhoon season

Using science and technology during typhoon emergency operation

Water pump

Personnel dispatch

Early evacuation

Teamwork and dialogues among scientists, emergency responders and decision makers

Scientific outputs

Cross-cutting synergies

In-time operations

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Common Operating Picture through Web-GIS platform to bridge information gap at local level

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OverlappedGeo-spatialinformation

Situationalinformation

Real-timeData display

Bookmarks forhighlights

Open Data Platform for Disaster Information (Common Alerting Protocol format)

Combine 14 kinds of alerts from DGPA, CWB, SWCB, WRA,

THB, TRA, THSRC and etc.

Released a total of 14 categories of instant

supporting information

Develop disaster information open data platform(https://alerts.ncdr.nat.gov.tw)

Public-private partnership on enhancing information coverage (with Google)

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Google Crisis Map

Easy-to-use

Google Public Alerts

Location-based

• In 2014, the total number of accessing Google services is around 14 million

• In 2015, the total number of accessing Google services is around 16 million

• In 2016, the total number of accessing Google services is around 21 million

• Initiation of Open Data in 2013, through Google Crisis Map andGoogle Public Alerts to disseminate typhoon warning messages.

Typhoon Soulik (7/10-14) : number of system access about 1.3 million

Structural diagram of PWS in Taiwan

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1

Government Agency Alert delivery Broadcasting Applications

Alert Aggregator

Types of warnings

Alert Gateway

Pandemics

Int’l outbreak

Big thunder stormEarthquake

Debris flow

Dam discharge

Road closure

Suspension of office

and school

Attack incident

XMLAPI

Five 4G mobile service provides (15.2 m users)

C Interface

CMSP Gateway

D Interface

CMSP NetworkInfrastructure

CA

P m

ess

age

sC

AP

me

ssag

es

2014 ~ 2015 2015 ~ 2017

Cell Broadcast Entity Cell Broadcast Center

Common Alerting Protocol (CAP) CMAS / EAS-CAP

Internet Gateway

APP developers

Automatic devices

Policy-framework for large-scale earthquake

Enhancement on old building• Structural safety

Citizens’ safety and support• Evacuation and sheltering

Functional continuity• government and business

1. Seismic retrofitting

2. Early warning & alarm3. Massive demands

3. Business continuity plan and management

Scientific supports4. Scenarios and impact assessment

Practical implementation5. Perception, drill & promotions

Geo-spatial distribution maps of lifeline systems

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Water

Hydro-utilities

Pipelines PipelinesNatural gas

Bridges Highways Power

Geospatial meshed Data

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500m x 500m Meshed Map Sheet

Number of Meshes :13,2712

Challenges to work on uncertainties

• Back swan event (low-frequency, high-impact)

– Much beyond coping capacities

– How to tell facts

• Our cities are aging day by day

– Infrastructure, buildings,

population …….

– Never-ending preparedness, DRR

life cycle

• Generation gaps of DRR knowledge

– Typhoon vs Earthquake

– Fading memories, young

generation

Thanks for your attention

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