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Restricted Distribution IOC/SC-WESTPAC-XI/11.20 Bangkok, 16 March 2017 English only

INTERGOVERNMENTAL OCEANOGRAPHIC COMMISSION (of UNESCO) Eleventh Intergovernmental Session of the IOC Sub-Commission for the Western Pacific (WESTPAC-XI) Qingdao, China, 21-23 April 2017

Item 5.4.4 of the Provisional Agenda

PROGRESS REPORT ON IOC REGIONAL TRAINING AND RESEARCH CENTER ON MARINE

BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM HEALTH (RTRC-MARBEST) (May 2015–April 2017)

In accordance with Terms of Reference of IOC Sub-Commission for the Western Pacific, the report is provided to facilitate the consideration by the Sub-Commission on the progress made on the IOC Regional Training and Research Center on Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Health (RTRC-MarBEST).

The report presents a summary of the activities and results of MarBEST over the last intersessional period. The Sub-Commission is invited to consider its workplan for the next intersessional period.

IOC/SC-WESTPAC-XI/11.20 page 1

I. Programme

1. IOC Regional Training and Research Center on Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Health (RTRC-MarBEST): the Crustacean Taxonomy Training

II. Programme objectives and expected outputs/outcomes

2. OBJECTIVE: For the first Crustacean Taxonomy training, we had a major goal addressing the “taxonomic impediment” in tropical marine biodiversity studies in view of the dramatic declining numbers of taxonomic specialists on specific organisms. The training would enhance the students and/or young scientists in taxonomic research of tropical marine biota. This training course is designed to Introduce a crustacean taxonomy, to enhance biosystematics sharpening capabilities in the sea , particularly crustacean taxa and also to develop techniques crustacean taxonomy (identify , know the characteristics , character and be able to write to be published taxonomic publications, both national and international)

3. EXPECTED OUTPUTS/OUTCOMES: The participants are expected to improve their understanding about taxonomic research of tropical marine biota, especially in crustacean taxonomy

III. Principal Investigator (Chairperson) and Programme Steering Group

4. Organization of MarBEST Center is divided into 2 (two) groups, these include the program steering and the executive groups. The program steering group consists of the higher level of some government and private institutes. The member of executive group is coming from mostly the RCO LIPI.

5. The organization of executive group is developed based on the functions that carried out by this organization. Based on UNESCO/IOC guideline, at least two services should be carried out by an RTRC, include training and research cooperation activities. Following is the organizational structure and the person in charge (PIC).

Programme Steering Group Head: Prof. Dr. Iskandar Zulkarnain, Chairman of LIPI Secretary: Dr. Zainal Arifin, Deputy Earth Science of LIPI Member: 1. Prof. Dr. Arief Rahman, Head of KNIU 2. Dr. Muhammad. Dimyati, DG Strengthening Research and Development of MORTHE 3. Prof. Dr. Widi Agus Pratikto, Executive Director of Regional Secretariat of CTI-CFF 4. Andi Mukhsia, MBA, PR of Freeport Indonesia

Executive Group Director: Dr. Dirhamsyah Vice Director: Prof. Dr. Suharsono Training Course Division: Triyono Planning and Program: Hilda Novianty Implementation & Evaluation: Indra Bayu Vimono Research and Scientist Exchange Division: Dr. Irma Shita Arlyza Research Cooperation: Deny Sutisna Scientists exchange: Dr. Hagi Yulia Sugeha General Affairs: Siti Kholiyah Administration and Finance: Beben Hidayat Research Facilities: Kemis al Sutikna Public Relation and Legal: Sofia Yuniar Sani

IOC/SC-WESTPAC-XI/11.20 page 2 IV. Terms of Reference of the Programme Steering Group

6. The Program Steering Group has main function to direct the executive group in developing training and research programs that should be carried out by the executive group. This group also has the duty to find funding resources from government institutions as well as from private sector.

V. Activities carried out and/or to be carried out during the last intersessional period (May 2015 – April 2017)

INAUGURATION CEREMONY OF RTRC MARBEST CENTER

7. Before starting the implementation of Crustacean Taxonomy Training, it began by the inauguration ceremony of the establishment of UNESCO/IOC WESTPAC RTRC MarBEST Center on 17 October 2016. The event was conducted at the office of the Research Center for Oceanography-Indonesian Institute of Sciences (RCO LIPI) in Jakarta, Indonesia.

8. The inauguration ceremony started by the performing of famous traditional dance “Saman” from Aceh Province and continues with report from Dr. Zainal Arifin, Deputy Chairman for Earth Sciences LIPI and also as the Indonesia UNESCO/IOC focal point. There were several remarks presented by some eminent persons. These included the remark from Prof. Dr. Arief Rahman, Head of Indonesian Commission for UNESCO, Dr. Somkiat Khokiattiwong, the Chair of the UNESCO/IOC Sub Commission for the Western Pacific (WESTPAC). During the remark session, there also were aired a video recorded of Dr. Vladimir Ryabinin, the Executive Secretary of UNESCO/IOC, who congratulated LIPI for the establishment of the MarBEST Center and wished the first training of MarBEST would be successful.

9. The MarBEST Center officially inaugurated and established by Chairman of LIPI, Prof. Dr. Iskandar Zulkarnain, signed by the Commemorative Plaque signing between Chairman of LIPI and Chair of the UNESCO/IOC WESTPAC. Ceremonial event was ended by press conference with several famous media in Indonesia. Several eminent persons jointed in the press conference included the Chairman of LIPI, Head of Indonesian Commission for UNESCO, Deputy for Earth Sciences LIPI, Director of RCO LIPI, Chair of UNESCO/IOC WESTPAC and also Head and Programme Specialist of WESTPAC.

The signing of MarBEST Center’s Plaque by Head of LIPI and

Director IOC/ Executive Secretary of IOC


Token of Appreciation from LIPI to the Director of IOC WESTPAC, Executive Secretary of IOC

WESTPAC, Head of KNIU and representative of Minister of Education and Culture of Republic Indonesia

TRAINING ACTIVITIES

Keynote Speakers

10. At the first day of the crustacean taxonomy training (October 17), Training started with the remark from Dr. Somkiat Khokiattiwong, Chair of UNESCO/IOC WESTPAC who welcomed all participants from the WESTPAC region to the training. Remark continued by Dr. Wenxi Zhu, the Head and Programme Specialist of WESTPAC. He highlighted the importance of Marine Science Development and Cooperation Matters. After those speakers, it continued by two other keynote speakers. :Prof. Dr. Suharsono from Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences and the invited speaker, Prof. Dr. Shuhei Nishida from the Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute-The University of Tokyo Japan. Prof. Suharsono presented “Biogeography of Marine Biota in Southeast Asia Region” and Prof. Shuhei Nishida, presented "Marine Biodiversity in Southeast Asia: Efforts for Research / Education and Recent Advances".


Lecture session on taxonomy

Active participation of the participant in the class room

General Lectures

11. In the training, the lecturers for each group of taxa gave a detailed explanation their studied of taxa. There were five topics that were discussed in the Crustacean training:


1. Plankton (Zooplankton): Definition of planktonic copepoda; classification, character morphology

2. Barnacle: Definition of barnacles, classification, character morphology 3. Shrimp: Definition of penaeoidea, caridea; alpheidae and stomatopoda;

classification, character morphology 4. Hermit crab: Definition of hermit crabs, classification, character morphology, habitat,

general biology (life cycle, reproduction, growth). 5. Brachyura: Definition of brachyuran crab, classification, character morphology,

habitat, general biology (life cycle, reproduction, growth).

12. After keynote speaker’s session, Prof. Dr. Dwi Listyo Rahayu from Marine Bio Industry Division Indonesian Institute of Science presented the three topics of taxonomy studies, with the title of "Phylum Crustaceans, An Introduction to morphological taxonomy and Zoological Nomenclature". The lecture includes the understanding of general characters, classification, life cycle, growth, reproduction, habitat and distribution of crustaceans. The lecture of the Introduction of Morphological Taxonomy. included the general morphological characters for invertebrates (external and internal morphological characters); food, feeding habit; ecological and geographical characters. The lecture was talking about the definition of Zoological nomenclature, the understanding on important role on zoological nomenclature based on The International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) and the use of The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Understanding the general classification and binomial system is following the system that was proposed by Linnaeus (1707-1778).

13. General lecture also continued in the second and third day (18- 19 October) in the MarBEST Center’s building. In 18 October 2016 the lectures were presented as follows:

1. Dr. Gavin Gouws (South African Institute of Aquatic Biodiversity, South Africa) with teaching material titled "The View of the Other Side: Informing Molecular Biology Marine Biodiversity in the South West Indian Ocean "

2. Dr. Nicholas Hubert (Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD) - France) with the title: "DNA Barcoding and Its Application for Molecular Taxonomy"

3. Indra Bayu Vimono, M.App.Sc (Research Center for Oceanography (RCO), with the title: "Collection Management"

4. Dr. Teguh Triono (KEHATI Foundation-Indonesia) with the title: "Basic Phylogenetic Analysis for Morphology and Molecular Data"

5. Prof. Dr. Shuhei Nishida entitled "An Introduction to Marine Planktonic Copepoda"

14. On the third day, 19 October 2016, the class sessions were continued. Six lectures were presented. The Lecturer and the topics were presented as follows:

1. Prof. Dr. Mulyadi (Research Center for Biology Indonesian Institute of Sciences) presented "Marine Planktonic Calanoida (Crustacea, Decapoda, copepods) in Southeast Asian Waters"

2. Prof. Dr. Shuhei Nishida, talked about plankton with the headline: "Marine Planktonic Copepoda, Order Cyclopoida, Family Oithonidae"

3. Dr. Daisy Wowor M.Sc (Research Center for Biology Indonesian Institute of Sciences), gave presentation entitled "Shrimps"

4. Romanus Edy Prabowo, Ph.D. (Faculty of Biology, University of General Sudirman Indonesia) presented: "Barnacles"

5. Dr. Christopher Meyer (Director, Moorea Biocode Project Research Zoologist & Curator Dept. of Invertebrate Zoology National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution 10th & Constitution Ave NW Washington DC 20560 USA), talked about: “ARMS (Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structure)”

6. Bayu Prayudha, M.Sc, (Research Center for Oceanography) presented “Database Management”


Field Work

15. Field work were conducted in Pari Islands (at the Seribu Islands, Jakarta), especially at Burung and Burung Islands. The fieldwork was conducted in 20-22 October 2016. The crustacean specimens were collected from intertidal area during low tide. Due to there was no low tide during day time, the collection sessions was conducted in the evening (about 6.00 PM) when the tide start to recede.

16. Participants were divided into 4 groups based on the expertise field of the participants, included a) Plankton Group (2 peoples; from Indonesia and Bangladesh), b) Shrimps Group (8 peoples, from: Indonesia, China and Malaysia); c) Brachyura & Hermit Crab Group (11 peoples; from: Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam) and d) Barnacles Group (3 peoples, from: Indonesia, Iran and Bangladesh).

17. The specimens were collected by common method of each group. The methods used for specimen collection as summarized below:

1. Plankton: the specimens of zooplankton were collected using a plankton net (300 μm mesh size of the net mouth diameter 31 cm and 180 cm long/Norpac) drawn horizontally and vertically. In the drop vertically from a depth of 50 meters up to the surface of the water. Sampling is done on the Tikus island.

2. Shrimps: the specimens were collected by random sampling on the Burung and Tikus islands inside in dead coral. The dead corals were broken using a hammer. The samples of shrimps were removed into plastic bags or small bottles and labeled. The other method was collection of the shrimp only using a hand net or even barehanded as more shrimps came out swimming on the surface of the water at the night.

3. The brachyuran and anomuran were collected by hand from sandy muddy substrate in mangrove and seagrass areas. Some trap nets were placed at 3-5 meter depth in sandy substrate for 24 hours to catch larger crabs. The collected samples were placed inside plastic bag with some leaves as separator and provide a hiding shelter.

4. Barnacles: random sampling method was applied by searching the barnacles which were attached on the drifted wood, or attached to the trunks of mangrove and in the hard substrate on the rock and base of the port. Barnacles are found removed using tools of thin aluminum (spatula) and put in a small bottle and labeled.


Demonstration on crustacean sampling by participants

Demonstration on sorting and preserving of the specimens

Laboratory Work

18. All collected samples were preserved using 70% alcohol, except for plankton that need to be preserved in 40% formalin. Samples were transported to the laboratory in Oceanography Research Center for identification. All samples in each group were observed using a microscope, photographed and then identified. Measurement species of male and female were conducted for

IOC/SC-WESTPAC-XI/11.20 page 8 main observed characters that important for proper identification. For the enumeration and identification of zooplankton, samples were carried by the cup Bogorov under the microscope. Enumeration results expressed in individuals/m3.

19. The samples of brachyuran and anomuran were sorted by participants in the laboratory at Pari Island and to be placed in the fridge overnight. In the next day, the specimens were defrosted and photographed. After photography session, the specimens were preserved in 70% alcohol and brought to laboratory in RCO, Jakarta. In the laboratory, the participant sorted out the specimens according to specimen’s family and matched them with the photograph. In the end, the specimens were identified up to species.

Laboratory session led by Sensei Nishida on Plankton taxonomy

Identification

20. Identification of the specimens was conducted using identification key provided by lecturer. Identification was performed by observing the characters of the specimen of and reading the crustacean identification key starting from the key for the Family, Genus until Species. Additional terminology of the crab, shrimp, hermit crabs, plankton or barnacles was provided in the textbook and had to be remembered or memorized by participants.

21. Identification was also supported by crustacean textbooks or literature for the base of correct nomenclature according to taxonomy. The result of the identification (the name of the species) was checked using the taxonomy web portal “World Register of Marine Species” (WORMS) to ensure the validity of the accepted species name. In the WORMS’s web portal, the


participants were able to track down the synonyms of the observed species and find out the origin of the species classification.

Presentation and Writing

22. The teachers presented to all participants about how each specimens from each group were found, the sampling locations, the methods and the specimens processing. After that, a session of presentation was presented by each participant by selecting one of crustacean in each group. Each participant had 10 minutes for their presentation, including questions and answers. The guidelines for the presentation were consisting of: introduction, the species name, synonyms, diagnosis, habitat, distribution, remarks and references.

Group photo from all participants, instructors and organizing committee

VI. Problems encountered and actions to be considered by the 11th Intergovernmental Session, tentatively scheduled for April 21-23, 2017, Qingdao, China

23. In general, the Crustacean Taxonomy Training could be considered success. Almost no significant problems encountered in the implementation of this training course. However, there are some points should be noted for improving the output quality of next training activities. These include:

The various backgrounds and the level of knowledge of the participants in taxonomic works. This is resulted in the difficulties to the mentor and the committee to apply the best practiced of teaching.

Period of the training course (2 weeks). It considered too limited. It is impossible for the participants to perform as a true taxonomist due to the lack of experienced even though the participants learned the basic knowledge and skill of taxonomist and experienced taxonomic works.

Budget limitation. Scarcity of taxonomist is not a national or regional problem only, it also encountered around the world. The importance of taxonomy studies arose in all regions. The Crustacean Taxonomy Training that has been conducted provides a lesson to us that many students, scientists, and managers from the outside of


WESTPAC region, such as Africa (Ivory Coast, Congo, Benin), South America (Chili), and Central America (Haiti) interested to joint this training. However, due to the limitation of budget forced to the training committee to reject their applications.


VII. Work plan and Budget for May 2017 – May 2018

Program

Funding Required

Remark Activities Objectives Expected

outputs/outcomes Date and place IOC Other sources (i.e.

from national or international)

IOC Regional Training and Research Center on Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Health (RTRC-MarBEST)

Molecular Taxonomic Research of Tropical Marine Biota (MT)

To train 20 participants from IOC WESTPAC countries

Participants will be able to prepare marine biota for taxonomy and molecular analysis.

October 2017 US$ 25,000 US$ 24,500

Methodology and Monitoring the Health of Marine Ecosystems (EH)


Participants will be able to monitor the health of coral reef ecosystems in accordance with the methods and procedures and be able to prepare a report in accordance with the rules of scientific writing.

September 2018 US$ 25,000 US$ 24,500

Marine Taxonomy Training for beginner


This training focuses to introduce and educate participants’ marine taxonomy studies.

October 2018 US$ 25,000 US$ 24,500

Note: US$ 1 = IDR 13,250

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