ion ct du o tr in - algaecal · chapter 1 am i really calcium ... the unsung hero chapter 5 new...
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Table of Contents
I nt roduct ion The Silent Killer - An Epidemic in the Making
Chapter 1 Am I Really Calcium and Mineral Deficient?
Chapter 2 Why Your Calcium Supplem ent is Not Building Bone
Chapter 3 AlgaeCal® , a Calcium Com plex from Plant not Rock!
Chapter 4 Magnesium - the Unsung Hero
Chapter 5 New Research on Vitam in D Changes Everything
Chapter 6 A Special Vitam in from Japan supports Bone re-m ineralizat ion
Chapter 7 St ront ium - A Com m on Mineral with Uncom m on Results!
Chapter 8 A Bone Density Study with a Difference
Copyr ight 2 0 1 6 AlgaeCal.com
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Introduction A Direct Response to the US Surgeon General
m erica’s top doctor shocked the m edical com m unity with his 2004 Bone
Health Report . I n this unprecedented work, US Surgeon General, Richard H.
Carm ona warned that by the year 2020, half of all Am erican cit izens older than 50 will be at
r isk of fractures from osteoporosis and low bone m ass if no im m ediate act ion is taken by
individuals, doctors, health system s, and policy m akers. Please not ice, he did not say half
of all cit izens over age 80. He said half of people over age 5 0 will be r isking fractures!
…And he didn’t suggest half of people over age 50 will risk osteoporosis - his warning
specifies fractures from osteoporosis. I t is one thing to picture 80 year olds laid up in
hospital with a broken hip or wrist , or losing 4-5 inches of height due to the crum bling brick
vertebra, but it is quite another t o think that this will begin to occur for som e of us in our
40‟s so that half of the population are affected by bone fractures in our 50’s!
How could Dr. Carm ona and his elite research team com e to such a dram at ic conclusion?
The answer is m ult i- factorial, but lies m ainly in our changed nutr it ion pat terns. For
exam ple, the Surgeon General ident ified that “85% of adolescent girls and 65% of boys do
not get enough calcium and bone building nut r ients to support norm al bone growth,” placing
“America's bone health in jeopardy.” The children of the 70‟s and subsequent decades have largely exchanged calcium - rich m ilk for phosphate- laced sodas. Calcium builds bone
m ineral density, and phosphates de-m ineralize bones creat ing a double j eopardy for bone
health.
This is especially alarming when you understand that from birth to about your mid 30‟s are your peak bone building years. You have a lim ited window of opportunity to build bone
m ass, and then the calcium and m inerals are lost at rate of alm ost 1% every year unt il
death. I f you live long enough, everyone will lose enough bone m ineral density to be
classified as osteoporot ic. I n other words, it is crit ical to reach the m axim um bone m ass
possible during your building years, because each year after that you will have less and less
bone density.
The increased use of com puters, television and hand-held gam es is having a negat ive
im pact on the physical act ivit y and bone health of young children, adolescents, and adults of
all ages. A spokesperson for the Nat ional Osteoporosis Society encouraged parents to
develop ways to increase their children’s physical act ivit y levels report ing the decline in
physical act ivit y in young children over the last decade could have a det r im ental effect on
the nat ion’s bone health. The Society cited the f indings on their website from a recent study
of 200 four year-olds that found the greater the four year-old child’s physical act ivit y level,
the st ronger their bones.
The increasingly sedentary lifestyle we have adopted has another sinister side effect on our
bone health. We are not outdoors in the sunshine where vitam in D is converted from the
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sun light on bare skin. When we do venture outside, we slather on sunscreen com pounding
the vitam in D deficiency. Vitam in D is also crit ical for calcium absorpt ion and other aspects
of bone health, yet deficiency is ram pant .
Another piece of the bone health disaster puzzle is an increased reliance on drugs, plus we
have a greater num ber of drugs available in Am erica over the last few decades. Because
the FDA has ruled only drugs can t reat disease, the drug com panies have responded by
creat ing new “diseases” each year t o expand their m arketplace. I t is alm ost com ical to
watch television ads warning of “acid reflux disease” which we used to refer t o as
indigest ion. A lit t le-publicized, but well-docum ented fact is that m ost classes of drugs have
a st rong negat ive im pact on bone density!
The list includes com m on pain relievers, cort icosteroids and other im m une-suppressants,
ant i-diabet ic drugs, som e cont racept ives, cyclooxygenase inhibitors, proton pum p inhibitors
(pharm aceut ical ant i-acids like the one advert ised to t reat “acid reflux disease” ) , t otal
parenteral nut r it ion, arom atase inhibitors, gonadot ropin- releasing horm one agonists,
ant iconvulsants, cytotoxic drugs, ant i-depressants and m ore.
I f lowered calcium consum pt ion, increased soda intake, reduced exercise, increased reliance
on an increasing array of drugs, and vitam in D deficit s are not enough for Dr. Carm ona to
predict a bone health catast rophe, we have added an addit ional burden to our bones by
adopted eat ing habits which focus on m eat and grains as our staples. Meat and grains each
form acids in our bodies which require im m ediate m ineral t ransfer from bones to
counterbalance! Our agrarian-based forefathers enjoyed bet ter qualit y vegetables and even
thought they were canned for winter use, the m inerals were intact . When Grandm a insisted
on eat ing your vegetables, she was on to a good thing, because now we know the m inerals
in vegetables are t rem endously alkalizing and offset the acids produced by m eat and grain.
Stress is also acidifying to your body, and it has been shown to reduce bone m ineralizat ion
in a sim ilar m anner t o eat ing a diet high in protein and grain.
Taken together, this st ream of individual assaults on bone health, has turned into waterfall
which Am erica is unable to negot iate. No wonder the Surgeon General issued a “ call to
act ion” saying “you are never too old or too young to improve your bone health” . The t im e
to act is now, and Dr. Carm ona issued a call to act ion which we are responding to.
The Surgeon General’s Call to Act ion
His directed his call to the nut r it ional and healthcare indust ry to develop bone-health program s that incorporate the three basic com ponents:
1. im proved nut r it ion 2. increased physical act ivit y 3. im proved health literacy
I n response to the SG’s guidance for products that would “ im prove nut r it ion,” scient ists at
I ntegrat ive Health Technologies, I nc. in San Antonio, Texas conducted an exhaust ive
review of published studies to ident ify the nut r ients and nut r ient am ounts that had the
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highest probabilit y of enhancing bone-health. Once ident ified, these nut rients were then
com bined with AlgaeCal I nternat ional’s plant -derived calcium to create an evidence-based
bone-health supplem ent .
To “ increase physical act ivit y,” a pract ical, well researched pedom eter-based behavior
m odificat ion program was incorporated into the plan.
To “ im prove health literacy,” a reader fr iendly sum m ary of the scient ific literature along with
pract ical steps that can be taken to im prove bone health was added to the Plan. Now, we
have writ ten this book in hopes of increasing health literacy. This book is the result of four
years of research. Please read it , benefit from it , and pass it on to people you care about !
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Chapter 1
Am I Really Calcium and Mineral Deficient?
m erica’s top doctor, the United States Surgeon General, sum m ed it up very well when he stated “Calcium has been singled out as a m ajor public health concern today because it is crit ically im portant to bone health, and the average Am erican consum es levels of calcium that are far below the am ount recom m ended for opt im al bone health.” (1)
We now know that our bone health in our youth and m iddle years will set the stage for the lat ter years, yet the Surgeon General reported a staggering 85% of adolescent gir ls and 65% of boys do not get enough calcium and bone building nut r ients to support norm al bone growth, placing “Am erica's bone health in j eopardy.”
Sadly, calcium deficiency is only the beginning of nut r it ional short falls. We see our favorite celebrit ies and athletes wearing a „m ilk mustache‟ to stay healthy – and we are led to believe sim ply drinking a glass or two of calcium - rich m ilk a day, will provide all we need for st rong, healthy bones. While crit ical for bone health, calcium alone is not the ant idote to bone degenerat ion that doctors, osteoporosis foundat ions, and the m edia have been prom ot ing. Nor is calcium com bined with vitam in D the rem edy. Although this one- two punch has
m ore m erit than calcium alone, it is st ill far from a com plete nut r it ional solut ion for bone health. Today’s research, standing on the shoulders of all previous knowledge indicates that calcium and vitam in D are essent ial, but so are m any, m any other m inerals.
Bones, after all, are not com posed of calcium . They are a m at rix of m ore than 70 m inerals. By weight , calcium is certainly the largest cont r ibutor, but by funct ion it m ay not be the m ost im portant m ineral in your bone t issue. Yet , when is the last t im e you heard the m edia report on the benefits of silica to support your bone health? Has your doctor asked you to test for zinc, m anganese, or copper to im prove your bone density? Which osteoporosis foundat ion prom otes boron or m agnesium as a support for your bone health? Each of these m inerals have been shown in significant hum an clinical studies to play key roles in support ing bone health. Other studies indicate you are alm ost certainly deficient in m any t race m inerals from your diet alone!
I n a two year study of 225 postm enopausal wom en, the group taking only calcium lost bone m ineral density, but another group taking calcium plus zinc, m anganese and copper gained
bone m ineral density4. Unfortunately if you are eat ing a typical Am erican diet , studies show levels of m agnesium , iron, zinc, copper and m anganese intake is less than 80% of the RDA, and the RDA levels are considered low by som e expert s! A
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Several other properly cont rolled studies underscore the crit ical need for t race m inerals for your bones, yet these “m inor” m inerals are not prom oted because there is lit t le financial incent ive to prom ote som ething that is unlikely to be patentable. For exam ple, if a com pany could file a patent on m agnesium carbonate, it could be prom oted heavily because com pet it ion is lim ited for 17 years, but m agnesium in this form is not new, so it is un- patentable. With no patent protect ion available, com panies are quite understandably reluctant to spend advert ising dollars on a product that is shared by an unlim ited num ber of com pet itors. The sad result of no m ineral advert ising is that calcium supplem ents are not form ulated with a full spect rum of t race m inerals because consum ers don't know about their im portance, and it j ust ends up cost ing the com pany m ore m oney to m ake the product with no payoff.
But how did we get to this calcium and m ineral deficient state as a nat ion? With the advent of agri-business in the m iddle of the last century, vitam in and m ineral levels in our vegetables and m eat has dropped significant ly. Broccoli, one of t he highest calcium containing vegetables, has lost an amazing 50% of its calcium since the 1960‟s! The average vitam in and m ineral content has fallen between 5-35% for all fruits and veggies over the last 50 years! Farm ers get paid by weight , so they’ve been choosing the biggest variet ies of vegetables, not the m ost nut r ient r ich. The result is the fuel that our bodies depend on has been diluted. I f you have had the luxury of picking veggies from your own organic garden, you know you can taste the m ineral- rich difference between your garden produce and the washed-out store bought vegetables! You don’t need any research paper to tell you the vegetables we eat are m issing som ething!
Now I know you’re thinking “ I ’ve heard this all before. Sure m y diet isn’t ideal, but I feel fine” . I n your youth you got away with it . You stayed up all night , ate whatever cam e your way, and felt reasonably fine through it all. Probably this eat ing pat tern becam e the tem plate for your m iddle years with consequences that are not fully apparent . What we don’t think of day to day, is that your body is like a big fat bank account with too few m ineral deposits and too m any withdrawals; everything is fine for years unt il one day your check bounces, your credit cards are m axed out , and you are forced to face the painful life- altering consequences of m ineral bankruptcy.
Like borrowing from Peter to pay Paul, calcium and other m inerals, are drawn from your bones to neut ralize the acid form ed in your cells by excessive consum pt ion of m eats and grains. I f the acid is not “sponged up” with m inerals from your diet im m ediately, you will die, so the next step is to take the m inerals from your bone to counter balance the acid. To avoid this cont inual m ineral deficit , it is im portant to eat m ore alkalizing vegetables and fruits (high in m inerals) and less acid form ing m eats and grains; and to supplem ent any short fall in your diet with calcium and t race m inerals.
An excellent online tool that helps you get a picture of your dietary intake of calcium and m agnesium is found at www.algaecal.com Click on the “Bone Health Calculator” link and enter in the foods you have eaten yesterday to get an est im ate of your m ajor m ineral intake based on USDA data. This crit ical tool m akes clear to m ost that you need to supplem ent t o reach adequate m ineral deposit levels. Be sure to average your scores over a week or m ore to get a bet ter idea of how your eat ing habits are m easuring up com pared to your calcium and m agnesium needs for your age and gender.
But , you say, “ I 'm get t ing m y calcium and m inerals from m y calcium supplem ent , am I not? Or m aybe from m y m ult i- vitam in supplem ent?” Prepare to be am azed as lit t le-known t ruths about your calcium supplem ent are unearthed in chapter 2.
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- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - References
Supplementing with trace minerals alongside calcium has been proven to increase bone density in post-
menopausal women more than with just calcium alone. Patrick, Lyn, N.D., Comparative Absorption of Calcium
Sources and Calcium Citrate Malate for the Prevention of Osteoporosis, Alternative Medicine Review, Vol. 4, No. 2,
1999.
While everyone is aware of the benefit calcium has on bone health, studies show that supplementing with calcium
and trace minerals together increases bone density in post-menopausal women more than calcium alone.5
Calcium alone is not enough! 5. Patrick, Lyn, N.D., Comparative Absorption of Calcium Sources and Calcium Citrate
Malate for the Prevention of Osteoporosis, Alternative Medicine Review, Vol. 4, No. 2, 1999.
1.Surgeon General Report on Bone Health: “Calcium has been singled out as a major public health concern because
it is critically important to bone health and the average American consumes levels of calcium that are far below the
amount recommended for optimal health.” US Dep’t of Health and Human Services. Bone Health and
Osteoporosis: a report of the Surgeon General (2004)
2.“roughly %85 of the female population after childhood fails to get the recommended intake of
calcium…”.Heaney Bone Health. Amer Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2007
3.‘about %30 of boys and only %10 of girls were achieving the recommended daily intake of calcium.’ Journal of
Pediatrics
(vol117pp578-585).
4. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition(1993;vol 12,No.4,pp384-389).
5.Mineral content of foods and total diets: the Selected Minerals in Foods Survey, 1982 to 1984.
7 Scientists Concerned at Plummeting Nutrient Levels, www.foodnavigator-
usa.com/news/printNewsBis.asp?id=66440, visited 3/15/2006
‘Despite the abundance of evidence supporting the positive effects of dietary Ca on bone, national surveys
indicate that Ca intakes in females of all age groups in the US are consistently lower than current
recommendations” Journal of the American College of Nutrition Vol. 19 ‘Nutrition in Bone Health Revisited’
‘National surveys consistently show low intakes of Mg among females of all age groups…’ (Ibid)
Pennington JA, Young BE, Wilson DB, Johnson RD, Vanderveen JE.
J Am Diet Assoc. 1986 Jul;86(7):876-91.
The 234 foods of the FDA's Total Diet Study were collected four times per year form mid-1982 to mid-1984 and
analyzed for 11 essential minerals. Daily intakes of the minerals were estimated for eight age-sex groups of the U.S.
population. Levels of calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, and manganese were low (less than 80% of the RDA
or below the low end of the Estimated Safe and Adequate Daily Dietary Intake range) for some or all age-sex
groups. Those most at risk of low intakes were young children, teenage girls, adult women, and older women. Non-
discretionary sodium intake exceeded the upper Estimated Safe and Adequate Daily Dietary Intake range for two
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age-sex groups, and iodine was considerably above the RDA for all age-sex groups. Levels of potassium,
phosphorus, and selenium were adequate for all groups.
‘…intestinal calcium absorption in men decreases progressively with advancing age, and this impaired absorption is
caused by a lack of vitamin D3 combined with inadequate dietary calcium intake.’ Calcified Tissue International
(1998,Vol 63).
Ca RDI is 1300/ mg day (from AlgaeCal site).
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Chapter 2
Your Calcium Supplement Is Absolutely NOT Building Bone!
s we discovered in Chapter 1, you are probably calcium and m ineral
deficient with no visible warning signs. I f you are reading this book, chances
are you are m ore educated on health m at ters and probably taking
a calcium supplem ent . Unfortunately, the benefit you are receiving from your calcium
supplem ent , is only a t iny fract ion of what you believe it is!
Part of the problem com es from a com m on m isunderstanding of calcium studies. A typical
double blind calcium study m ight organize part icipants into two groups. One will take the
calcium supplem ent and the other group will take a placebo pill which looks the sam e as the
calcium supplem ent . Neither the study part icipant nor the doctors knows which group is
taking the real calcium supplem ent . Every person over age 40 is losing bone m inerals at
the rate of alm ost 1% per year, so we expect t he placebo group to show an average loss of
bone density of about - 1% in a one year study.
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The group taking the calcium and vitam in D will norm ally st ill lose bone density, but they
lose a lit t le less than the placebo group, for exam ple - .9% . I t is norm al pract ice for
clinicians to report a 10% gain in bone density over the placebo group from this result ,
because the calcium group did outperform the placebo group by 10% . While the calcium
supplem ented group has reported a gain in bone density com pared to the placebo, they
have actually LOST bone density out r ight , and if they cont inue to lose at this rate, they will
eventually have osteoporosis.
Now you understand why m any believe they can increase their bone density with calcium.
Marketers take data which is really report ing a slowdown in bone loss, and report it as a
gain in bone density. Clinical studies involving calcium in any form , along with vitam in D do
not support an out r ight gain in bone density.
That is why a recent m eta-study which sum m arized 15 clinical t r ials involving post -
m enopausal wom en taking typical calcium supplem ents concluded that “calcium was m ore
effect ive than placebo at reducing rates of bone loss…” Not ice this sum m ary of calcium
studies does not show calcium increasing bone density – only reducing the loss of density.
This m eta-study showed a com bined difference of only 2.05% between the calcium group
and the placebo after two years.
Put t ing it in laym an’s term s, the placebo group lost the typical 1% of their bone density and
the calcium group lost darn near 1% ! In other words this study shows you do benefit from
typical calcium supplem ents, but precious lit t le!
Here are som e reasons why your calcium supplem ent is NOT increasing your bone density:
You are Lim ited to Replacing the Losses Only
You are sim ply part ially replacing the losses that occur through excret ion of calcium in
urine, sweat and feces. There are no st im ulants to tell your body to build new bone in a
calcium plus D form ula. According to the leading calcium science authority in Am erica,
Robert Heaney, you can only replace the losses of bone calcium . I t is im possible to increase
bone density with a calcium supplem ent alone.
Mineral I m balance From Too Much Calcium Yo
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Large quant it ies of any m ineral can force a deficit of another im portant m ineral. Calcium
taken alone in am ounts found in your typical supplem ent m ay drive im portant zinc,
m agnesium , and other m inerals out of your body. Magnesium and Zinc are im portant for
bone health and difficult to consum e adequate am ounts of in your diet , so you certainly
don't want to create im balances with high calcium supplem entat ion.
Missing Co- Factors to Aid Mineral Absorpt ion
As we discussed in the previous chapter, m any m inerals beside calcium are needed to
support bone health, yet how m any calcium supplem ents offer m ore than calcium and
m aybe m agnesium ? To absorb m inerals and place them properly in the bones, you need co-
factors like vitam in D at 1000 IU per day or m ore, and vitam in K2 in the MK-7 form at 80
m cg or m ore per day. Take a look at your calcium supplem ent label. Does it have these
crit ical co- factors? You can have all the m inerals in a form ula, but if it isn't being absorbed
due to a vitam in D shortage, you are wast ing your m oney and giving yourself false hope.
I nsoluble Tablets
Carr and Shangraw showed som e calcium tablets are so closely
bound with glues that they take 4 – 6 hours to dissolve in
stom ach acid condit ions! Since m ost food passes through your
stom ach in m uch less than 4 hours, people have actually had
calcium tablets appear ing in their stool. Gelat in or vegetable
capsules are preferable to hard tablets for this reason. The
content of gelat in capsules is a loose powder which has greater
potent ial to dissolve than a t ight ly bound tablet .
Poor Com pliance
Tablets have the added disadvantage of being harder to swallow than capsules, som et im es
result ing in low pat ient com pliance in studies. Many calcium supplem ent consum ers are not
only having a tough t im e swallowing their pills, they are experiencing gas, bloat ing and
const ipat ion. This all adds up to taking the pills infrequent ly or giving up altogether. We
have a news flash – if you don’t take your calcium supplem ent , the chances of it working
are reduced significant ly!
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Absorpt ion
Calcium is notorious for having relat ively low absorpt ion, especially when taken apart from
m eals. Most com m ercially available calcium supplem ents are m ade from rock calcium , so it
is not ent irely surprising that your body m ay only absorb around 30% .
For now, it should be abundant ly clear that your current calcium supplem ent is not going to
stop your bone loss, let alone help you gain any bone density! Please think about who you
know and love that is taking a calcium supplem ent religiously r ight now. Have them read
this chapter, check the research references, and see for them selves that they need to take
a different approach in order to gain bone density and excellent health.
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Chapter 3
AlgaeCal®, a Calcium Complex from Plant not Rock!
n chapter 2 we discussed the short falls of m ost calcium supplem ents
including the lack of t race m inerals, the absence of key co- factors like
adequate vitam in’s D and K2, the problem s with solubilit y for som e
m anufactured tablets, and the const ipat ion and other digest ion challenges.
Most im portant , we learned that the m ajorit y of calcium supplem ents you find in your health
food store are m ade from ground up rock, and they show no clinical evidence of increasing
your bone density!
What if there was a calcium supplem ent that suffered from none of these problem s? One
that was loaded with bone-enhancing t race m inerals; one that was form ulated with
adequate vitam in D3 and K2; one that was highly soluble and non-const ipat ing? What if
there was a calcium which was sourced from a sea vegetable rather than rock?
Mult iple studies on children and adults have shown direct bone health benefit s from eat ing a
diet high in vegetables 1,2. Som e of these studies have concluded that the m inerals in the
vegetables are in large part responsible for alkalizing the body to prevent bone loss
( references) . The t rouble with m ost vegetable sources of calcium is they do not have
enough calcium to be useful in a supplem ent . You could dry broccoli and m ake capsules
from the powder, but you would need to eat the whole bot t le each day to get your RDA of
calcium !
There is, however, an ocean algae, called AlgaeCal® , which is ideally suited to role of uber-
calcium supplem ent . AlgaeCal, ( research nam e DN0361 Plant Mineral Com plex) is a
patented form of m arine algae called algas calcareas which is ecologically harvested by
hand off the prist ine shores of rem ote South Am erica.
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The algas calcareas is the size of a tennis ball. I t is picked from knee-deep water, r insed in
fresh water, dried in the sun, then m illed into a powder. AlgaeCal is the world's only
pract ical pure plant -source of calcium !
The fact that AlgaeCal is a plant calcium is hugely significant once you understand that m ost calcium products are m ade from rock. That ’s r ight , 90% of calcium supplem ents com e from lim estone. Please go to your cupboard, pull out your current calcium supplem ent and look at the label to see if it says “calcium carbonate” . I f it does, then you have been eat ing ground up rocks. I f it says “calcium cit rate” that is rock calcium that has been chem ically reacted with cit ric acid – you are st ill eat ing rocks. Most other chem ical-sounding calcium nam es are rock calcium which has been reacted with other chem icals to different iate it and give it a m arket ing advantage, although none exhibit any real advantage in hum an t r ials.
A W ord About Other Algae Calcium s
There are one or two other European m arine algas available, but they far from pure
since they are vacuum ed from the ocean bot tom along with rocks, shells, and sand. As
the giant vacuum s suck the bot tom of the ocean, they create m iles of silt which set t les
on local flora and fauna choking it . They then process this im pure product using
chem icals like hydrogen peroxide result ing in a product that is not pure, not ecologically
fr iendly and arguably not even natural in the end. I f the bot t le does not include the
research nam e DN0361, it is not the original.
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AlgaeCal is naturally 30% calcium , but it is m uch m ore than a calcium supplem ent . I t is really m ore like a com plete m ult i-m ineral supplem ent since it contains every m ineral in hum an m ilk and hum an plasm a.
I n the research world, there are 13 m inerals which have been proven to support bone health, and AlgaeCal contains each of them ! AlgaeCal has surprisingly large am ounts of som e of these m inerals as well. For exam ple, alm ost half of the norm al am ount of silica found in a typical diet is in the clinical daily dose of AlgaeCal (2.4 gram s) . Silica is responsible for support ing the collagen part of bone. The Magnesium naturally occurring in AlgaeCal is at half the Dietary Reference Intake set by the US Food and Nut rit ion Board's I nst itute of Medicine. Boron, st ront ium and vanadium are also naturally found in significant quant it ies in a typical daily dose of AlgaeCal.
Calcium is the biggest part of AlgaeCal and the m ost prom inent bone building ingredient . So what are the steps scient ists use for evaluat ing a new calcium form ? Let 's apply these tests t o AlgaeCal.
The Three Steps for Evaluat ing a Good Calcium Supplem ent
These three steps follow the order calcium is processed in your body. First you swallow it
and it enters your stom ach where it needs to dissolve properly. I f it passes the solubilit y
test , then it m oves to the next step which is absorpt ion (also called bio-availabilit y) through
the intest inal t ract into the bloodst ream . Once adequate absorpt ion is dem onst rated,
calcium is then tested for the “holy grail” which is the hum an benefit of reducing fracture 1
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r isk. Since m easuring fracture r isk is incredibly expensive requir ing huge groups of people
and long t im e fram es, m ost studies focus on bone m ineral density (BMD) because high bone
m ineral density is closely related to reduced fracture r isk.
Let ’s evaluate AlgaeCal at each level as it passes from the m outh through to hum an
benefits.
1 . Solubility in Stom ach Acid
We know AlgaeCal has a unique porous nature, like a sponge so it has a lot m ore surface
area than regular calcium carbonate. More surface area m eans m ore opportunity for
stom ach acid to com e in contact with the calcium and dissolve it . (elect ron photo)
We have proven this theory is t rue – in a USP standard dissolut ion test sim ulat ing stom ach
condit ions, 97% of the calcium in AlgaeCal went into solut ion 3. I n other words 97% is
available for absorpt ion, even for elderly people if they take AlgaeCal with m eals. I n one
hour, 100% goes into solut ion, and is available for absorpt ion through the intest inal wall.
How m uch goes into the bloodst ream varies by 3 fold am ong individuals, depending on your
body’s need for calcium , size of dose taken, etc according to Dr. Heaney. I n other words
AlgaeCal does 100% of it 's j ob at stom ach level. Now the dissolved calcium m oves to the
intest inal t ract .
2 . Absorpt ion Through the I ntest ine
AlgaeCal absorpt ion was tested at the fam ous French seaweed test ing inst itute, CEVA,
where it was subjected to an in vit ro sim ulat ion of the absorpt ion process. As you m ight
expect from the world’s only pure plant form of calcium , it perform ed very well surpassing
the bio-availabilit y of com m on calcium containing foods including yogurt 4.
3 . Hum an Bone Health Benefits
The only reason scient ists check the solubilit y and absorpt ion of a calcium is to be sure that
it has a chance of benefit ing hum an health! I f it doesn't break down in your stom ach, or
cannot be absorbed through your gut , there is no way it can enter your bloodst ream for
dist ribut ion to bones and other im portant areas. AlgaeCal, com bined with vitam in D3 and
K2, along with a st ront ium cit rate product was the subject of a 400 person clinical t r ial. The
results can be sum m arized as follows. AlgaeCal with it 's appropriate co- factors increased
bone density in each group of adults! This is not an increase over the placebo group as we
talked about before, but a real increase from their baseline score m easured at the six m onth
m ark. As such the AlgaeCal Bone Health Program is the only credible hum an calcium study
to show an increase in bone density. Excit ing details are discussed in Chapter 8!
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References
1. Tucker KL, Hannan MT, Kiel DP, The acid-base hypothesis: diet and bone in the Framingham Osteoporosis Study.
Eur.J. Nutr. 2001 Oct;(5):231-7. (Pub Med)
2.Prynne CJ, Mishra GD, O’Connell MA, Laskey MA, Yan L, Prentice A, Ginty F. Fruit and Vegetable intakes and bone
mineral status: a cross sectional study in 5 age and sex cohorts. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Jun;83(6):1254-5.
3. JR Laboratories Analysis Certificate, Jun 29, 2005.
4. CEVA Report p.7, Feb.2007.
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Chapter 4
Magnesium - the Unsung Hero
s the fourth m ost abundant m ineral in the body, m agnesium is essent ial to your good health. Approxim ately half of your total body m agnesium is found in your bones and the other half is dist ributed throughout cells of your t issues and organs. This crit ical m ineral is needed for m ore than 300
biochem ical react ions! I t helps m aintain norm al m uscle and nerve funct ion, keeps your heart rhythm steady, supports a healthy im m une system , and keeps your bones st rong.
Only 1% of m agnesium is found in your blood, but the body works very hard to keep blood
levels of m agnesium constant 1. Magnesium also helps regulate blood sugar levels, prom otes norm al blood pressure, and is known to be involved in giving energy to your cells
and m aking proteins.2,3 Magnesium plays a role in support ing and m anaging norm al blood pressure, im m une funct ion, cardiovascular health, and norm alizing blood sugar, so obviously it plays a cent ral role in your health.
You Are Probably Magnesium Deficient !
The 1999-2000 US Nat ional Health and Nut rit ion Exam inat ion Survey suggest that substant ial num bers of adults in the United States fail to consum e recom m ended am ounts of m agnesium .
Research done throughout the world shows that the United States RDA for Magnesium is not sufficient to m ake up for the am ount lost in bowel m ovem ents and sweat . Aggravat ing m at ters m ore, sports, physical work, m ental exert ion, com pet it ion or other st resses, all increase your m agnesium requirem ents.
The shocking part is am ounts actually consum ed in Am erican diets is even less than the RDA! The am ounts consum ed are generally far less than enough to maintain equilibrium in m etabolic balance studies. For m any people, dietary intake m ay not be high enough to prom ote an opt im al m agnesium status, which m ay be protect ive against num erous
disorders.5-6
According to recent USDA surveys, the average intake of m agnesium by wom en 19 to 50 years of age was about 74 percent of the RDA. Men of the sam e age got about 94 percent of the recom m ended am ount . About 50 percent of wom en had intakes below 70 percent of their RDA.
These are the recom m ended daily requirem ents of m agnesium :
• Children
o 1-3 years old: 80 m illigram s 1
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o 4-8 years old: 130 m illigram s
o 9-13 years old: 240 m illigram s o 14-18 years old (boys) : 410 m illigram s o 14-18 years old (girls) : 360 m illigram s
• Adult fem ales: 310 m illigram s • Pregnancy: 360-400 m illigram s • Breast feeding wom en: 320-360 m illigram s • Adult m ales: 400 m illigram
W hen can m agnesium deficiency occur?
I f your digest ive system or kidney funct ion is com prom ised, it can significant ly influence your m agnesium status because m agnesium is absorbed in the intest ines and then t ransported through the blood to cells and t issues.
The bio-availabilit y of Magnesium is reasonable with one- third to one-half of dietary
m agnesium being absorbed into your body.7-8 Gast rointest inal disorders that im pair absorpt ion such as Crohn's disease can lim it your body's abilit y to absorb m agnesium . These disorders can deplete your stores of m agnesium and m ay result in m agnesium deficiency.
Chronic or excessive vom it ing and diarrhea m ay also result in m agnesium deplet ion.1-8 I t is interest ing to note that healthy kidneys lim it urinary excret ion of m agnesium to com pensate for low dietary intake. However, som e m edicat ions cause excessive loss of m agnesium in urine as a side effect . Also, poorly-cont rolled diabetes and alcohol abuse causes your body
to lose excessive am ounts of m agnesium .9-10
W hat is the Best W ay to Get Ext ra Magnesium ?
Eat a variety of whole grains, legum es, and vegetables (especially dark-green, leafy vegetables with chlorophyll) to increase dietary m agnesium intake.
Magnesium tablets also m ay be recom m ended by your doctor, although taken alone, it can
cause diarrhea.11 A m ore balanced approach is to take m agnesium along with your calcium supplem ent as the two m inerals work together in several ways to m aintain balance. I t is always best to get any m ineral from a food, so we recom m end AlgaeCal® , a m arine algae naturally containing a balance of m agnesium , calcium , t race m inerals and phyto-nut rients in a whole food com plex.
I t is im portant to have the cause, severity, and consequences of low blood levels of m agnesium evaluated by your doctor. I f you have kidney disease you m ay not be able to excrete excess am ounts of m agnesium , and you should not consum e m agnesium supplem ents unless prescribed by a physician.
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Magnesium and Bone Health
Magnesium deficiency m ay be a r isk
factor in cases of extensive bone loss12
because m agnesium deficiency alters calcium m etabolism and the horm ones
that regulate calcium .13 Several hum an studies have suggested that supplem ent ing with m agnesium can
im prove your bone m ineral density.12
I n a study of older adults, a greater m agnesium intake m aintained bone m ineral density to a greater degree
than a lower m agnesium intake.14
Diets with recom m ended levels of m agnesium are beneficial for bone
health, but further invest igat ion on the exact role of m agnesium in bone m etabolism is needed.
There are m any health benefit s of m agnesium beyond bone health. According to the Nat ional I nst itutes of Health, Magnesium m ay be Involved in support ing and protect ing several vital funct ions.
Magnesium and Your Blood Pressure
Magnesium m ay play an im portant role in regulat ing your blood pressure naturally.12 Diets including plenty of fruits and vegetables, which are good sources of potassium and
m agnesium , are consistent ly associated with lower blood pressure.15-17 The DASH study suggested that high blood pressure could be significant ly lowered by a diet that em phasizes fruits, vegetables, and low fat dairy foods. This kind of diet is high in potassium ,
m agnesium , and calcium , and low in sodium and bad fats.18-20
Foods high in m agnesium are usually high in potassium and dietary fiber too. This m akes it difficult to evaluate the independent effect of m agnesium on blood pressure. However, newer scient ific evidence from DASH clinical t r ials has m ade m agnesium ’s independent role in regulat ing blood pressure clear.21-23
Magnesium and Blood Glucose Managem ent
Magnesium plays an important role in carbohydrate m etabolism , so it influences the release
and act ivit y of insulin, the horm one that helps cont rol blood glucose levels.24 This low m agnesium state worsens insulin resistance, a condit ion that often precedes diabetes. I f you have insulin resistance, you do not use insulin efficient ly and require greater am ounts of insulin to m aintain blood sugar within norm al levels. Your kidneys lose their abilit y to retain m agnesium during periods of severe hyperglycem ia (elevated blood glucose) . Losing
m agnesium through your urine results in lower blood levels of m agnesium .12 I f you are an older adult , correct ing m agnesium deplet ion m ay im prove your insulin response and
act ion.25
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W rapping Up
AlgaeCal naturally contains 7-9% m agnesium , which is ext rem ely high. That m eans a
typical 2.4 gram daily dose of AlgaeCal, yields 200 m g of pure m agnesium in a nice body-
fr iendly plant form ! After reading this chapter, it should be evident why AlgaeCal, with it 's
natural m agnesium was chosen for inclusion in the clinical t rial that form ed the response to
the Surgeon General's call to act ion!
References:
1. Rude RK. Magnesium deficiency: A cause of heterogeneous disease in humans. J Bone Miner Res 1998;13:749-58.
2.Wester PO. Magnesium. Am J Clin Nutr 1987;45:1305-12.
3.Saris NE, Mervaala E, Karppanen H, Khawaja JA, Lewenstam A. Magnesium: an update on physiological, clinical,
and analytical aspects. Clinica Chimica Acta 2000;294:1-26.
4. Aaseth J., Osteoporosis-minerals and trace substances, Department of Internal Medicine, Kongsvinger Hospital.
5.Vormann J. Magnesium: nutrition and metabolism. Molecular Aspects of Medicine 2003:24:27-37.
6.Feillet-Coudray C, Coudray C, Tressol JC, Pepin D, Mazur A, Abrams SA. Exchangeable magnesium pool masses in
healthy women: effects of magnesium supplementation. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;75:72-8.
7. Ladefoged K, Hessov I, Jarnum S. Nutrition in short-bowel syndrome. Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl 1996;216:122-
31.
8. Rude KR. Magnesium metabolism and deficiency. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1993;22:377-95.
9.Kelepouris E and Agus ZS. Hypomagnesemia: Renal magnesium handling. Semin Nephrol 1998;18:58-73.
10. Abbott L, Nadler J, Rude RK. Magnesium deficiency in alcoholism: Possible contribution to osteoporosis and
cardiovascular disease in alcoholics. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1994;18:1076-82. [PubMed abstract]
11. DePalma J. Magnesium Replacement Therapy. Am Fam Phys 1990;42:173-6.
12. Institute of Medicine. Food and Nutrition Board. Dietary Reference Intakes: Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium,
Vitamin D and Fluoride. National Academy Press. Washington, DC, 1999.
13. Elisaf M, Milionis H, Siamopoulos K. Hypomagnesemic hypokalemia and hypocalcemia: Clinical and laboratory
characteristics. Mineral Electrolyte Metab 1997;23:105-12.
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14. Tucker KL, Hannan MT, Chen H, Cupples LA, Wilson PW, Kiel DP. Potassium, magnesium, and fruit and vegetable
intakes are associated with greater bone mineral density in elderly men and women. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;69(4):727-
36.
15 .Appel LJ. Nonpharmacologic therapies that reduce blood pressure: A fresh perspective. Clin Cardiol
1999;22:1111-5.
16. Simopoulos AP. The nutritional aspects of hypertension. Compr Ther 1999;25:95-100.
17. Appel LJ, Moore TJ, Obarzanek E, Vollmer WM, Svetkey LP, Sacks FM, Bray GA, Vogt TM, Cutler JA, Windhauser
MM, Lin PH, Karanja N. A clinical trial of the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure. N Engl J Med
1997;336:1117-24. [
18. Sacks FM, Obarzanek E, Windhauser MM, Svetkey LP, Vommer WM, McCullough M, Karanja N, Lin PH, Steele P,
Praschen MA, Evans M, Appel LJ, Bray GA, Vogt T, Moore MD for the DASH investigators. Rationale and design of
the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension trial (DASH). A multicenter controlled-feeding study of dietary
patterns to lower blood pressure. Ann Epidemiol 1995;5:108-18.
19. Sacks FM, Appel LJ, Moore TJ, Obarzanek E, Vollmer WM, Svetkey LP, Bray GA, Vogt TM, Cutler JA, Windhauser
MM, Lin PH, Karanja N. A dietary approach to prevent hypertension: A review of the Dietary Approaches to Stop
Hypertension (DASH) Study. Clin Cardiol 1999;22:6-10.
20. Svetkey LP, Simons-Morton D, Vollmer WM, Appel LJ, Conlin PR, Ryan DH, Ard J, Kennedy BM. Effects of dietary
patterns on blood pressure: Subgroup analysis of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) randomized
clinical trial. Arch Intern Med 1999;159:285-93.
21. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and
Treatment of High Blood Pressure. The sixth report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection,
Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Arch Intern Med 1997;157:2413-46.
22. Schwartz GL and Sheps SG. A review of the sixth report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention,
Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Curr Opin Cardiol 1999;14:161-8.
23. Kaplan NM. Treatment of hypertension: Insights from the JNC-VI report. Am Fam Physician 1998;58:1323-30.
24. Kobrin SM and Goldfarb S. Magnesium Deficiency. Semin Nephrol 1990;10:525-35.
25. Paolisso G, Sgambato S, Gambardella A, Pizza G, Tesauro P, Varricchio H, D'Onofrio F. Daily magnesium
supplements improve glucose handling in elderly subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 1992;55:1161-7.
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When can magnesium deficiency occur?
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Chapter 5
Forget What You Think You Know About Vitamin D
Requirem ents! 2 0 0 6 Research Reveals The Truth.
itam in D is unique am ong vitam ins in that it can be provided to your body
through food, or from exposure to ult raviolet rays from the sun or a tanning
bed. Sunshine is your m ost im portant source of vitam in D because UV rays
t r igger vitam in D synthesis in your skin, easily boost ing your D levels, but
get t ing adequate vitam in D from norm al diet is m ore difficult . I f you look at the food
sources of vitam in D table at the end of this chapter, you will see it is nearly im possible to
get all of your required vitam in D from food alone.
Vitam in D funct ions as an im portant horm one by sending a m essage to your intest ines to
increase the absorpt ion of calcium by as m uch as 80% . Vitam in D is well known for
m aintaining norm al calcium levels(1) , but new research shows it plays an im portant role in
st rengthening your im m une system , insulin secret ion, blood pressure regulat ion, and m uch
m ore.
You Are Probably Vitam in D Deficient !
I n March 2006, Mayo Clinic Proceedings printed a shocking art icle about the high prevalence
of vitam in D deficiency (2) . The highly respected author, Michael Holick of the Boston
University School of Medicine says “Vitam in D inadequacy has been reported in
approxim ately 36% of otherwise healthy young adults and up to 57% of general m edicine
inpat ients in the United States and even higher percentages in Europe! Low sunlight
exposure, age related decreases in vitam in D synthesis in your skin, and diets low in
vitam in D cont r ibute to the high prevalence of v itam in D inadequacy.
“Supplem ental does of vitam in D and sensible sun exposure could prevent deficiency in
m ost of the general populat ion,” according to Holick. I n a previous published paper, he
wrote “vitam in D deficiency is now recognized as an epidem ic in the United States! ” After
you read the rest of this chapter, we think you will agree.
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Don’t Believe the Sunscreen Com panies Propaganda
Thanks to repeated art icles subm it ted to the press by sunscreen com panies, picked up by
health organizat ions and presented as unbiased news, the whole nat ion is fearful of sun
exposure. Art icles use fr ightening phrases like “unprotected skin” , “prem ature aging” , and
“UV radiat ion” . Let 's not forget for 1000s of years our ancestor's skin was in the sun for
m uch of the day, and this sun exposure is fundam ental to your good health. These art icles
do not usually offer the balancing perspect ive that we absolutely need to be plugged into
the sun, or we increase our r isk of breast cancer, prostate cancer, colon cancer, m ult iple
sclerosis, alzheim er's disease, hypertension and diabetes! For m any decades researchers
have known increased sun exposure reduces cancer death rates, yet we seldom see an
art icle published on this topic in the m ainst ream press.
Of course we need to avoid sunburn, and due to ozone thinning we should spend less t im e
in the sun than our relat ives of yesteryear. With no vested interest in present ing the flip
side of the sun protect ion equat ion, there is no balancing publicit y cam paign warning you of
the greater danger of avoiding all sun exposure!
How Much Sun Do You Need?
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Sunlight is the best source of vitam in D, plus it confers other health benefit s that are st ill
poorly understood. Children and young adults who spend a short t im e outside two or three
t im es a week will generally synthesize all the vitam in D they need. I f you are older, you
have dim inished capacity to synthesize vitam in D from sunlight exposure and possibly use
sunscreen or protect ive clothing so you m ay consider get t ing ext ra vitam in D from food and
supplem ents.
The applicat ion of sunscreen with an SPF factor of 8 reduces product ion of vitam in D by
95% . In lat itudes around 40 degrees north or 40 degrees south (as an exam ple, Boston is
42 degrees north) , there is insufficient UVB radiat ion available for vitam in D synthesis from
Novem ber to early March. I f you live ten degrees farther north, (Edm onton, Canada) this
“vitam in D winter” extends from m id October t o m id March.
As lit t le as 5-10 m inutes of sun exposure on arm s and legs or face and arm s three t im es
weekly between 11: 00 am and 2: 00 pm during the spring, sum m er, and fall at 42 degrees
lat itude should provide a light -skinned individual with adequate vitam in D and allow for
storage of any excess for use during the winter with m inim al r isk of skin dam age (35) .
Not ice this t im e fram e is to provide adequate levels, but not necessarily opt im al levels.
Understand too, the less skin you have exposed, the darker your skin tone, or the older you
are, the m ore t im e you need in the sun to synthesize adequate vitam in D. A good
recom m endat ion is to cover up or put sunscreen on after you have had a reasonable t im e
exposed to direct sunlight . I t should be noted that there m ay be other non-vitam in D
related benefits of sun exposure which are not within the scope of this book.
Vitam in D and Your Bones
Osteoporosis is m ost often associated with inadequate calcium and vitam in D intake. I t is well established that long term vitam in D inadequacy cont r ibutes to osteoporosis by reducing calcium absorpt ion [ 33] . While r ickets and osteom alacia are exam ples of ext rem e vitam in D deficiency, osteoporosis is an exam ple of the long- term effect of vitam in D insufficiency [ 34] . Unfortunately nat ional nut r it ional policies such as the RDA and AI (adequate intake) have focused prim arily on short - latency deficiency diseases – that is diseases where the results of deficiency are apparent quickly. I n the case of vitam in D deficiency over a longer period of t im e, osteoporosis develops, but the D am ounts required to be protect ive are considerably higher than the policies based on short - latency deficiency have dictated.
New Research Proves You Need Much More Vitam in D!
I n 2006, three significant research papers were published in peer- reviewed m edical j ournals by different respected authors, each com ing to the sam e conclusion. You need m ore
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vitam in D than the recom m ended am ount for adults of 400 IU per day – actually much m ore! Most calcium supplem ents and m ult i- vitam ins are form ulated to this AI (Adequate Intake) level. Listen to what the new research is showing.
Bischoff-Ferrari‟s art icle in The Am erican Journal of Clinical Nut rit ion reviewed the current literature and found that for bone m ineral density and fracture r isk reduct ion, lower- ext rem ity funct ion, dental health, and imm une system support , the best serum concent rat ion of 25 hydroxy vitam in D are at 90 - 100nm ol/ L. (Vitam in D that is synthesized in your skin becom es 25 hydroxy vitam in D circulat ing in your blood st ream . This is the best m easurem ent of the level of vitam in D you have available for use in your various t issues) . The Bischoff-Ferrari team found that healthy outdoor workers have 135 - 163 nm ol/ L. The first sign of D toxicity begins at 220 nm ol/ L.
He recom m ends 2000 I U/ day as a new safe RDA to bring 97% of the populat ion to 90-100 nm ol/ L. To bring concent rat ions in 50% of populat ion up to a conservat ive 75nm ol/ L, he recom m ends adult intake of 1000 IU/ day. His conclusion states “a large m ajorit y of the US populat ion could benefit from vitam in D supplem entat ion.”
A second significant art icle by one of the top bone health researchers in the world, Robert Heaney published in the Journal of Nut rit ion, says "Available data on m etabolic ut ilizat ion of vitam in D3 indicate a total daily requirem ent of approxim ately 4000 internat ional units or twice the current tolerable upper intake level (UL) ... Est im ates of the populat ion dist r ibut ion of serum 25 hydroxy vitam in D values, coupled with available dose- response data, indicate that it would require input of an addit ional 2600 iu/ d (65 m icrog/ d) of oral vitam in D3 to ensure that 97.5% of older wom en have 25 hydroxy vitam in D values at or above desirable levels." Dr. Heaney’s art icle was addressing older wom en, so the am ounts needed for younger adults are generally less.
A third com prehensive 2006 art icle published in Mayo Clinic Proceedings by Michael Holick concludes 400 IU per day should represent a m inimum for vitam in D supplem entat ion rather than a recom m ended daily am ount . Vitam in D toxicity has not been reported from long-term exposure to sunlight1,4 and has only been observed from dietary intake when daily
doses exceed 10,000 I U.245,246 Doses of 4000 IU/ d for 3 m onths and 50,000 IU/ wk for 2 m onths have been adm inistered without toxicity.11,247,248
Risk Factors for Vitam in D Deficiency
I f you find yourself in any of the categories below, you would be well advised to see your
local physician and get a blood test to determ ine your circulat ing vitam in D levels.
• Sunscreen Use
Osteom alacia, a severe bone softening disease, has been docum ented in wom en who
cover all of their skin whenever they are outside for religious or cultural reasons (26,
27) . The applicat ion of sunscreen with an SPF factor of 8 or higher blocks product ion
of vitam in D creat ing a sim ilar problem to covered skin(1) . I t should also be noted
that sun's rays going through glass acts like sunscreen producing very lit t le vitam in
D.
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• Dark Sk in
People with dark skin synthesize less vitam in D on exposure to sunlight than those
with light skin (1) . The r isk of vitam in D deficiency is part icularly high in dark-
skinned people who live far from the equator.
• Breast Fed I nfants
I nfants who are exclusively breast fed are at high r isk of vitam in D inadequacy,
part icularly if they have dark skin and/ or receive lit t le sun exposure (19) . Hum an
m ilk generally provides 25 IU of vitam in D per liter, which is not enough for an infant
if it is the sole source of vitam in D. Older infants and toddlers exclusively fed m ilk
subst itutes and weaning foods that are not v itam in D fort ified are also at r isk of
vitam in D deficiency (18) . The Am erican Academ y of Pediat r ics recom m ends that all
infants that are not consum ing at least 500 m l (16 ounces) of vitam in D fort ified
form ula or m ilk be given a vitam in D supplem ent of 200 IU/ day (19) .
• Aging
The elderly have reduced capacity to synthesize vitam in D in the skin when exposed
to UVB radiat ion, and are m ore likely to stay indoors or use sunscreen.
I nst itut ionalized adults are at ext rem ely high r isk of vitam in D deficiency without
supplem entat ion 24, 25. A 70-year-old produces approxim ately 4 t im es less vitam in D
via cutaneous synthesis com pared with a 20-year-old. I f you have a parent or fr iend
who is in a long term care hom e, please be sure they are receiving adequate vitam in
D.
• I nf lam m atory Bow el Disease
If you suffer from inflammatory bowel disease like Crohn‟s disease or irr itable bowel
syndrom e, you m ay be at increased risk of vitam in D deficiency, especially if you
have had sm all bowel surgery (29) . You are also at r isk for vitam in K2 deficiency
which further puts your bones, am ong other t issues, at r isk. Please read our chapter
on this crit ically im portant vitam in.
• Fat Malabsorpt ion Syndrom es
Cyst ic fibrosis and cholestat ic liver disease im pair the absorpt ion of dietary vitam in D
(28) .
• Obesity
I f you are overweight , it increases your r isk of vitam in D deficiency (30) . Once
vitam in D is synthesized in the skin or ingested, it is deposited in body fat stores,
m aking it less bio-available if you have large stores of body fat .
Vitam in D Supplem ents
I t is not always pract ical to get your vitam in D from sunshine, and quite difficult to get
adequate am ounts from your diet so for m any people, a vitam in D supplem ent is a pract ical 2
3
0
way to ensure adequate levels of this im portant protector are always available in your
bloodst ream .
Since a large body of science shows vitam in D works closely with calcium and m agnesium , it
is best to take your vitam in D in com binat ion with calcium and m agnesium to m aintain a
proper balance. Most calcium supplem ents have too lit t le vitam in D to be effect ive - and
som e of them use synthet ic vitam in D2. A m uch bet ter form is natural vitam in D3
(cholecalciferol) which stays in your system longer and with m ore effect .
Food Sources of Vitam in D
I n the 1930s, a vitam in D deficiency disease called r ickets was a m ajor public health
problem in the United States so a m ilk fort ificat ion program was im plem ented nearly
elim inat ing this disorder. Current ly, about 98% of the m ilk supply in the US is fort ified with
400 Internat ional Units ( IU) of vitam in D2 per quart .
Although m ilk is fort ified with vitam in D, dairy products m ade from m ilk, such as cheese and
ice cream s, are generally not fort ified. I t should be noted that the less effect ive, synthet ic
form , vitam in D2 (ergocalciferol) is used for m ilk and cereal fort ificat ion. Vitam in D2 is
about 70% less effect ive at raising serum 25 hydroxyvitam in D levels, am ong several other
deficiencies, com pared to vitam in D3.
There are only a few foods that are good sources of vitam in D, so vitam in D3 supplem ents
are often recom m ended unless you are exposed to sunlight regularly.
Suggested dietary sources of vitam in D are listed below.
Selected food sources of vitamin D
Food International
Units(IU) per serving
Percent DV
(Daily Value)*
Pure Cod liver oil, 1 Tablespoon (Note: most cod liver oils
today have the vitamin D removed! Check your label to be
certain.)
1,360
340
Salmon, cooked, 3½ ounces 360 90
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1
Mackerel, cooked, 3½ ounces 345 90
Tuna fish, canned in oil, 3 ounces 200 50
Sardines, canned in oil, drained, 1¾ ounces 250 70
Milk, nonfat, reduced fat, and whole, vitamin D fortified, 1
cup 98 25
Margarine, fortified, 1 Tablespoon 60 15
Pudding, prepared from mix and made with vitamin D
fortified milk, ½ cup 50 10
Ready-to-eat cereals fortified with 10% of the DV for vitamin
D, ¾ cup to 1 cup servings (servings vary according to the
brand)
40
10
Egg, 1 whole (vitamin D is found in egg yolk) 20 6
Liver, beef, cooked, 3½ ounces 15 4
Cheese, Swiss, 1 ounce 12 4
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34. Heaney RP, Dowell MS, Hale CA, Bendich A. Calcium absorption varies within the reference range for
serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D. J Am Coll Nutr. 2003;22(2):142-146. (PubMed)
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bone loss and fractures and therapeutic implications. Endocr Rev. 2001;22(4):477-501. (PubMed)
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postmenopausal women randomly assigned to one of two dosages of vitamin D. Am J Clin Nutr.
1995;61(5):1140-1145. (PubMed)
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41. Dawson-Hughes B, Harris SS, Krall EA, Dallal GE. Effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on
bone density in men and women 65 years of age or older. N Engl J Med. 1997;337(10):670-676.
(PubMed)
42. Dawson-Hughes B, Harris SS, Krall EA, Dallal GE. Effect of withdrawal of calcium and vitamin D
supplements on bone mass in elderly men and women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;72(3):745-750. (PubMed)
43. Ooms ME, Roos JC, Bezemer PD, van der Vijgh WJ, Bouter LM, Lips P. Prevention of bone loss by
vitamin D supplementation in elderly women: a randomized double-blind trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab.
1995;80(4):1052-1058. (PubMed)
44. Heikinheimo RJ, Inkovaara JA, Harju EJ, et al. Annual injection of vitamin D and fractures of aged
bones. Calcif Tissue Int. 1992;51(2):105-110. (PubMed)
45. Chapuy MC, Arlot ME, Delmas PD, Meunier PJ. Effect of calcium and cholecalciferol treatment for
three years on hip fractures in elderly women. BMJ. 1994;308(6936):1081-1082.
46. Trivedi DP, Doll R, Khaw KT. Effect of four monthly oral vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) supplementation
on fractures and mortality in men and women living in the community: randomised double blind
controlled trial. BMJ. 2003;326(7387):469-474. (PubMed)
47. Lips P, Graafmans WC, Ooms ME, Bezemer PD, Bouter LM. Vitamin D supplementation and fracture
incidence in elderly persons. A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Ann Intern Med.
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48. Blutt SE, Weigel NL. Vitamin D and prostate cancer. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1999;221(2):89-98.
(PubMed)
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49. Terry P, Baron JA, Bergkvist L, Holmberg L, Wolk A. Dietary calcium and vitamin D intake and risk of
colorectal cancer: a prospective cohort study in women. Nutr Cancer. 2002;43(1):39-46. (PubMed)
50. Martinez ME, Giovannucci EL, Colditz GA, et al. Calcium, vitamin D, and the occurrence of colorectal
cancer among women. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1996;88(19):1375-1382. (PubMed)
51. Kearney J, Giovannucci E, Rimm EB, et al. Calcium, vitamin D, and dairy foods and the occurrence of
colon cancer in men. Am J Epidemiol. 1996;143(9):907-917. (PubMed)
52. Bostick RM, Potter JD, Sellers TA, McKenzie DR, Kushi LH, Folsom AR. Relation of calcium, vitamin D,
and dairy food intake to incidence of colon cancer among older women. The Iowa Women's Health
Study. Am J Epidemiol. 1993;137(12):1302-1317. (PubMed)
53. McCullough ML, Robertson AS, Rodriguez C, et al. Calcium, vitamin D, dairy products, and risk of
colorectal cancer in the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort (United States). Cancer Causes
Control. 2003;14(1):1-12. (PubMed)
54. Peters U, McGlynn KA, Chatterjee N, et al. Vitamin D, calcium, and vitamin D receptor polymorphism
in colorectal adenomas. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2001;10(12):1267-1274. (PubMed)
55. Holt PR, Arber N, Halmos B, et al. Colonic epithelial cell proliferation decreases with increasing levels
of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2002;11(1):113-119. (PubMed)
56. Garland CF, Garland FC, Gorham ED. Calcium and vitamin D. Their potential roles in colon and breast
cancer prevention. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1999;889:107-119. (PubMed)
57. Grant WB. An ecologic study of dietary and solar ultraviolet-B links to breast carcinoma mortality
rates. Cancer. 2002;94(1):272-281. (PubMed)
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58. John EM, Schwartz GG, Dreon DM, Koo J. Vitamin D and breast cancer risk: the NHANES I
Epidemiologic follow-up study, 1971-1975 to 1992. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1999;8(5):399-406. (PubMed)
59. Shin MH, Holmes MD, Hankinson SE, Wu K, Colditz GA, Willett WC. Intake of dairy products, calcium,
and vitamin d and risk of breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2002;94(17):1301-1311. (PubMed)
60. Young MV, Schwartz GG, Wang L, et al. The prostate 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1{alpha}-hydroxylase is
not influenced by parathyroid hormone and calcium: implications for prostate cancer chemoprevention
by vitamin D. Carcinogenesis. 2004 Jan 16; Epub ahead of print. (PubMed)
61. Corder EH, Guess HA, Hulka BS, et al. Vitamin D and prostate cancer: a prediagnostic study with
stored sera. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1993;2(5):467-472. (PubMed)
62. Braun MM, Helzlsouer KJ, Hollis BW, Comstock GW. Prostate cancer and prediagnostic levels of
serum vitamin D metabolites (Maryland, United States). Cancer Causes Control. 1995;6(3):235-239.
(PubMed)
63. Gann PH, Ma J, Hennekens CH, Hollis BW, Haddad JG, Stampfer MJ. Circulating vitamin D
metabolites in relation to subsequent development of prostate cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers
Prev. 1996;5(2):121-126. (PubMed)
64. Nomura AM, Stemmermann GN, Lee J, et al. Serum vitamin D metabolite levels and the subsequent
development of prostate cancer (Hawaii, United States). Cancer Causes Control. 1998;9(4):425-432.
(PubMed)
Ahonen MH, Tenkanen L, Teppo L, Hakama M, Tuohimaa P. Prostate cancer risk and prediagnostic serum
25-hydroxyvitamin D levels 65. (Finland). Cancer Causes Control. 2000;11(9):847-852. (PubMed)
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3
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66. Tuohimaa P, Tenkanen L, Ahonen M, et al. Both high and low levels of blood vitamin D are
associated with a higher prostate cancer risk: a longitudinal, nested case-control study in the Nordic
countries. Int J Cancer. 2004;108(1):104-108. (PubMed)
67. Deluca HF, Cantorna MT. Vitamin D: its role and uses in immunology. FASEB J. 2001;15(14):2579-
2585. (PubMed)
68. Hypponen E, Laara E, Reunanen A, Jarvelin MR, Virtanen SM. Intake of vitamin D and risk of type 1
diabetes: a birth-cohort study. Lancet. 2001;358(9292):1500-1503. (PubMed)
69. Munger KL, Zhang SM, O'Reilly E, et al. Vitamin D intake and incidence of multiple sclerosis.
Neurology. 2004;62(1):60-65. (PubMed)
70. Merlino LA, Curtis J, Mikuls TR, Cerhan JR, Criswell LA, Saag KG. Vitamin D intake is inversely
associated with rheumatoid arthritis: results from the Iowa Women's Health Study. Arthritis Rheum.
2004;50(1):72-77. (PubMed)
71. Rostand SG. Ultraviolet light may contribute to geographic and racial blood pressure differences.
Hypertension. 1997;30(2 Pt 1):150-156. (PubMed)
72. Krause R, Buhring M, Hopfenmuller W, Holick MF, Sharma AM. Ultraviolet B and blood pressure.
Lancet. 1998;352(9129):709-710.
73. Pfeifer M, Begerow B, Minne HW, Nachtigall D, Hansen C. Effects of a short-term vitamin D(3) and
calcium supplementation on blood pressure and parathyroid hormone levels in elderly women. J Clin
Endocrinol Metab. 2001;86(4):1633-1637. (PubMed)
74. Pan WH, Wang CY, Li LA, Kao LS, Yeh SH. No significant effect of calcium and vitamin D
supplementation on blood pressure and calcium metabolism in elderly Chinese. Chin J Physiol.
1993;36(2):85-94. (PubMed)
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75. Scragg R, Khaw KT, Murphy S. Effect of winter oral vitamin D3 supplementation on cardiovascular
risk factors in elderly adults. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1995;49(9):640-646. (PubMed)
76. Vieth R, Chan PC, MacFarlane GD. Efficacy and safety of vitamin D3 intake exceeding the lowest
observed adverse effect level. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001;73(2):288-294. (PubMed)
77. Heaney RP, Davies KM, Chen TC, Holick MF, Barger-Lux MJ. Human serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol
response to extended oral dosing with cholecalciferol. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;77(1):204-210. (PubMed)
78. Vitamin D. Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database [Web site]. March 1, 2004. Available at:
www.naturaldatabase.com. Accessed March 1, 2004.
79. Hendler SS, Rorvik DR, eds. PDR for Nutritional Supplements. Montvale: Medical Economics
Company, Inc; 2001.
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Chapter 6
Vitam in K2 Cleans Calcium Deposits from Your Arter ies
And Moves it to Your Bones!
s we have discussed earlier, bone health is m ult i- factorial. Som e of the
leading calcium consum ing count ries like the USA and Norway have the
highest incidence of osteoporosis, yet other count ries who consum e less
calcium , like Japan, have lower osteoporosis rates. I t appears we are
m issing som e im portant nut r it ional elem ent or balance of ingredients in our
typical western diet . St rong evidence is now available that vitam in K2 is
one im portant piece of t he bone health puzzle. Japan, where m ost of t he vitam in K2 studies
were done, is the first count ry to approve K2 as a t reatm ent for osteoporosis, with several
other count ries soon to follow.
Vit
am
in K
2 C
lea
ns
Ca
lciu
m D
ep
osi
ts f
rom
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eri
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2
Vitam in K is the nam e of a group of com pounds that are all related to one another. The
first one discovered was Phylloquinone or K1. I n the last decade m ost of the research has
turned to the m ore effect ive Menaquinones, or vitam in K2. More than a dozen high quality
hum an studies have been done on K2 with significant findings, yet it is alm ost unheard of in
the western world.
Form s of Vitam in K2
Unfortunately the form found in your m ult i- vitam in is alm ost always K1 which has som e
blood clot t ing benefit s, but has shown lit t le benefit for bone health. Vitam in K2 is further
divided into MK-4, MK-7 and several other form s. Most of the clinical studies support ing
bone growth to date have been with MK-4, and MK-7. More recent ly the at tent ion of
scient ists is focused on the MK-7 version which is natural and stays in the blood st ream
longer than MK-4 creat ing benefit s beyond bone health.
Vitam in K2 Sources
Vitam in K2 m ust com e direct ly from your diet on a regular basis since your body is unable
to synthesize it .
When you eat vitam in K1 in your food, only 5-10% of ingested K1 is absorbed and reaches
your blood, but alm ost 100% of K2 is absorbed into your blood st ream where it can be
dist ributed for beneficial use in t issues including bones and arteries.
More than 80% of the Vitam in K in western diets consists of vitam in K1. The m ore
beneficial form , K2, is difficult to find in your diet with the except ion of the Japanese
t radit ional food, nat to ( 1) . Sm all am ounts of K2 can be found in m eat , fruit , fish, and dairy
products, but the dom inant source, by far, is nat to. Measurem ents in norm al subjects show
the m ajorit y of the populat ion is deficient in vitam in K2 for opt im al bone health, especially
for the elderly (2) .
Nat to – the Food of the Sam urai W arr ior , Builds Your Bones
Natto, a typical breakfast food, is made from steamed and fermented soy beans. It‟s use in Japan dates back hundreds of years to the age of Sam urais who believed it increased their
st rength and quickened their reflexes.
an
d M
ove
s it
to
Yo
ur
Bo
ne
s!
4
3
Today about 7.5 billion packages of Nat to are sold in Japan each year and Japanese health
authorit ies have invested resources prom ot ing regular use of Nat to, including m aking it an
integral part of the Japanese school breakfast program s. I n the last ten years several
studies have found nat to, containing the act ive com ponent vitam in K2, to increase bone
m ineral density and reduce bone fractures (3-6) .
Also, several studies on Vitam in K2 specifically has been found to prom ote bone m etabolism
and reduce the incidence of fracture in osteoporosis (7-13) As com pared to vitam in K1,
K2 has been found to be m ore effect ive in decreasing bone turnover in vit ro (14,15) and in
viv0 (16) suggest ing that it offers m ore bone health benefit s than K1.
I n 2006, a Brit ish m eta-study published in the Archives of I nternal Medicine, found that of
13 significant hum an studies involving vitam in K, all but one reported a bone loss reduct ion
from vitam in K supplem entat ion. Of the 7 studies which reported fracture data, all showed
a reduct ion in fractures from vitam in K2 supplem ents.
I n another recent Japanese t r ial, osteoporot ic wom en taking vitam in K2 supplem ents sustained nearly no bone loss over two years, while cut t ing fracture r isk by 64% as com pared with non-supplem ent ing wom en.
The abilit y of bones to withstand fractures is not j ust determ ined by the quant it y of bone (as m easured by Bone Mineral Density (BMD)) , but also by the quality of bone. Evidence suggests that vitam in K2's m ost im portant effect s are on bone qualit y m ore than bone quant it y.
Vitam in K2 and Your Heart
Four large scale studies have shown vitam in K2 to have a protect ive benefit for heart
disease, and no studies have shown the cont rary.
K2 has been reported to decrease serum cholesterol and cholesterol deposits in the aorta,
cont r ibut ing to the suppression of atherosclerosis (17,18) . Vitam in K2 has been linked to a
reduct ion in coronary heart disease. i I n fact one very large and significant study conducted
in the Netherlands in 2004 followed 4800 healthy m en and wom en for ten years. I t found
vitam in K2 reduced the r isk of coronary heart disease m ortalit y by 50% ! (20) I t is believed
that this reduct ion in heart disease m ortalit y is a direct result of aort ic calcificat ion reduct ion
of 30-40% from K2 shown in this fam ous Rot terdam study. Rosenhek’s 2000 study showed
only the extent of aort ic- valve calcificat ion was an independent predictor of cardiovascular death
in pat ients with aort ic stenosis, whereas age, sex, and the presence or absence of coronary
artery disease, hypertension, diabetes, and even excessive cholesterol, were not . I n other
words, the best way to predict heart at tack is by looking the calcif ied plaque buildu p in your
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aorta. This build up has been stopped and even reversed in rat studies with adm inist rat ion of
vitam in K2.
Other Health Benefits Under I nvest igat ion
Arthrit is
Two recent studies show an associat ion between K status and cart ilage health so it m ay
have a future applicat ion for osteoarthrit is once further studies verify these early results.
Cancer
Several new studies suggest vitam in K m ay help the fight against cancer. Prelim inary
research shows it has an influence on the unregulated growth of certain types of cancer
cells. Som e encouraging early studies have been done involving vitam in K and leukem ia,
liver, pancreat ic, and ovarian cancer cells.
Ant i- Aging
Vitam in K2 is a st ronger ant ioxidant than vitam in E or coenzym e Q10, so in addit ion to it 's
clearly established benefits for bone and heart health, it has a role in ant i-aging.
Vitam in K2 Safety
I f you take Coum adin, Heparin, or another ant i- coagulant you should consult your physician
before taking vitam in K2 supplem ents. Vitam in K2 helps norm al coagulat ion of blood. High
levels of K2 do not cause abnorm al blood clot t ing. Most vitam in K2 supplem ents should
offer 45 – 150 m icrogram s per day. No tolerable upper lim it has been established for
vitam in K2, but studies with very high am ounts, like 45 m g per day (1000 t im es m ore than
45 m icrogram s) have shown no adverse effects. Adults should not be concerned about
taking levels of 45 m g/ day or less, as num erous Japanese studies have shown even this
high level is safe for adults. Vitam in K in the United States has GRAS status, m eaning it is
recognized by the FDA to be “Generally Regarded As Safe” .
I s Vitam in K2 safe for Pregnant W om en?
Pregnant wom en should be especially conscious of their vitam in K intake because the
following birth defects have been linked to vitam in K deficiency:
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Cardiac dysfunct ion
Craniofacial abnorm alit ies
Flat nasal bridge
Growth disorders
Learning disorders
Microcephaly
Neural tube defects
W hy Have You Not Heard of This Bone and Heart Health W onder?
I t 's alm ost like the old good news/ bad news jokes. The good news is Vitam in K2 has been
clinically proven to provide ext raordinary benefit s for bone health and cardiovascular health,
plus it is a powerful ant i-oxidant and som e em erging science indicates it m ight help your
j oints and intest inal health. Now for the bad news. I t costs $1.5 m illion per kilogram so
m ost supplem ent com panies find it is not cost effect ive to include in their form ulas. As long
as we can buy a house and a Porcshe for the price of a kilo (about the size of 2 lbs of
but ter) of K2, it m ay rem ain a secret that is relegated to research papers!
As interest builds in the scient ific com m unity, consum er dem and increases and we predict
the price will becom e m ore reasonable with m ore vitam in K2 form ulas available. Current ly
only a few vitam in K2 supplem ents exist in the Am erican m arketplace.
References
1. Kaneki, M et al 2001: Japanese fermented soybean food as the major determinant of large geographic
difference in circulating levels of vitamin K2: Possible implications for hip-fracture risk. Nutrition. Vol 17, page 315-
321
2. Ikeda, Y. et al 2006: Intake of fermented soybeans, Natto, is associated with reduced bone loss in post
menopausal women. J Nutr Vol 136, page 1323 - 1326
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3. Katsumaya, H. et al 2002: Usual dietary intake of fermented soybeans (Natto) is associated with bone mineral
density in premenopausal women. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol June 48(3) page 207-215
4. Katsumaya, H. et al 2004: Promotion of bone formation by fermented soybean (Natto) intake in premenopausal
women. J Nutri Sci Vitaminol Apr 50(2) page 114-120
5. Hodges, S.J et al 1991: Depressed levels of circulating menaquinones in patients with Osteoporotic fractures of
spine and femoral neck. Bone vol 12, page 387-389
6. Ikeda, Y. et al 2006: Intake of fermented soybeans, Natto, is associated with reduced bone loss in post
menopausal women: Japanese population based osteoporosis study. J Nutri Vol 136, page 1323-1328
7 Orimi et al.1992 &1998
8 Hara et al.,1995
9 Kameda et al., 1996
11 Shiraki et al., 2000
12 Vermeer, 2003b
13 Vermeer et al., 2004
14 Hara et al., 1995
15 Kameda et al., 1996
16 Vermeer, 2003b
17 Graul & Castaner, 1996
18 Spronk et al., 2003
19. Geleijnse, J.M. et al 2004: Dietary intake of menquinone (Vitamin K2) is associated with a reduced risk of
coronary heart disease: The Rotterdam Study. Am Soc Nutr Science. May 2004. Nutritional Epidemiology
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Chapter 7
Strontium – The first Bone BUILDING Supplement!
our landm ark studies have been conducted in the last 5 years, uncovering
am azing increases in bone m ineral density and reduced fracture r isk with St ront ium
supplem entat ion.1-6 Exist ing drugs for osteoporosis, including calcium and vitam in D, work by reducing bone resorpt ion, but do not form new bone. These drugs and nut rients can add m inerals to the bone, but they sim ply cannot form new bone t issue. Actually, within weeks of start ing bisphosphonate drug t reatm ent such as Fosam ax, your body's form at ion of new bone actually decreases som ewhat . The result of taking Fosam ax is your bone becom es m ore m ineralized and less prone to fracture, but certainly not the sam e as new bone. St ront ium is the only t reatm ent known to increase the product ion of new bone without com prom ising the quality of your bone. As such it is the only supplem ent or drug proven to build new, com plete bone.
W hat is St ront ium ?
Stront ium is a com m on elem ent which is naturally found in your bones. Studies show supplem entat ion with Stront ium in it 's various form s is well tolerated and com pletely safe. St ront ium ’s ext raordinary safety should not be surprising since it lies direct ly below calcium
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on the periodic table of elem ents so calcium , st ront ium and m agnesium are all in the sam e chem ical fam ily. They are all naturally occurring m etals which easily form into stable salts like calcium cit rate, m agnesium cit rate and st ront ium cit rate. They also form carbonates, sulfates, lactates and ranelate.
As an alkaline earth elem ent , st ront ium is sim ilar to calcium in it s absorpt ion in the gut , incorporat ion in bone, and elim inat ion from the body through the k idneys. St ront ium is naturally present in t race am ounts with around 100 m icrogram s in every gram of bone, and one Finnish study est im ated you eat about 2 m g per day in your diet norm ally. St ront ium use in the largest clinical t r ials found it m ost effect ive at 680 m g per day of st ront ium. When you supplem ent with st ront ium you are m aking large doses of this elem ent available for incorporat ion into your bone.
New Evidence Show s Am azing Results on Bone!
Post -m enopausal wom en norm ally lose about 1% of their bone per year, but the st ront ium
ranelate studies are showing 3 year bone grow th of 8 .1 % ! These excit ing results were published in a large phase three study that followed two other very posit ive m ult inat ional st ront ium random ized clinical t rials. I n this m ost recent study, 1,649 postm enopausal wom en were random ized to receive either st ront ium ranelate or placebo for three years. Both groups also took calcium and vitam in D with the st ront ium to achieve these am azing results.
Several form s of st ront ium are available in the m arket , but st ront ium ranelate was used in the study because it was not a com m on form and hence patentable. Once patents are granted, it is protected so that it m akes it worthwhile for a drug com pany to invest in the above-m ent ioned large clinical studies. St ront ium Ranelate has becom e a new prescript ion drug called Protelos® which is approved for osteoporosis t reatm ent in Europe and seeking approval in the United States current ly. Expect to hear m ore about this St ront ium form in the future.
Stront ium ’s Double Benefit for Your Bones
Scient ists have discovered St ront ium has a unique m ethod of act ion which provides a dual act ivit y in your bones. Your bone cells are cont inuously growing and being re-absorbed at the sam e t im e; bone growth drugs or calcium plus vitam in D supplem ents effect only one side of the equat ion. St ront ium inhibits bone resorpt ion w hile sim ultaneously
st im ulat ing bone grow th , an excit ing double benefit . No other natural substance or drug is known to provide this dual effect .
History of St ront ium Supplem entat ion
Stront ium was studied in both anim als and hum ans from the early 1950s to the early 1960s and was shown to have bone health propert ies. For exam ple, in 1959, Mayo Clinic discussing a study involving another form of st ront ium , called st ront ium lactate for bone health, reported “ the therapeut ic value of st ront ium appears to be established” . However, it prom pt ly fell out of favor, perhaps because atom ic bom b test ing converted a lot of the natural st ront ium into a radioact ive form called st ront ium -90. I n spite of these encouraging early results, few studies were conducted unt il m any years later. a
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I n 1981, a McGill University study involving 142 pat ients took st ront ium carbonate or st ront ium gluconate in doses ranging from 100 m g to 1.5 gram s per day dem onst rat ing a dose/ response relat ionship along with increasing bone m ineral density.
I n 1985, a sm all study pointed to a potent ial role for st ront ium in the t reatm ent of hum ans. This t im e st ront ium carbonate was used with sim ilar posit ive results to the st ront ium lactate used 30 years earlier. Three m en and three wom en were each given 600 to 700 m g/ day of st ront ium . Bone biopsies were taken in each pat ient at the hip bone, before and after six m onths of t reatm ent with st ront ium . Biopsy sam ples showed a 172 % increase in the rate of bone form at ion after st ront ium therapy, with no change in bone resorpt ion. The pat ients receiving st ront ium rem arked that the pains in their bones had dim inished and their abilit y to m ove around had im proved.
In the 1990‟s animal studies involving strontium ranelate were common and from 2001 to 2007 the first hum an studies involving st ront ium ranelate have been report ing ext raordinary results and safety.
Effects on Joints
I n one very recent study, 7 researchers hypothesized that st ront ium m ight also im prove
cart ilage m etabolism . More studies are required on j oint health to reach any conclusions.
A Few Com m ents Regarding the Use of St ront ium
Although st ront ium seem s to be a rem arkably safe supplem ent , please follow these guidelines to m axim ize it s benefit :
1. St ront ium supplem ents need to be taken along with adequate calcium consum pt ion.
Anim al studies suggest st ront ium is not effect ive and m ay even be counterproduct ive if your calcium intake is not norm al.
2. For best results, do not take st ront ium together with calcium because these two chem ically sim ilar m inerals com pete at the sites of absorpt ion. I n the above noted studies, st ront ium was adm inistered first thing in the m orning, half an hour t o an hour before breakfast , or three hours after the last m eal of the day; t hey took their calcium supplem ents separately, with a m eal.
3. I t should not be used as a t reatm ent in children since it m ay alter the architecture of rapidly growing bones. No studies have been done using high dose st ront ium on children.
4. St ront ium is not a “m agic bullet ” and a com prehensive approach to regaining bone st rength is needed. Other natural m odalit ies of bone support include calcium , vitam in D, m agnesium , vitam in K2, and weight bearing exercise.
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References
1. McCaslin FE Jr, Janes JM. The effect of strontium lactate in the treatment of osteoporosis. Proc Staff Meetings
Mayo Clin. 1959;34:329-334.
2. Marie PJ, Skoryna SC, Pivon RJ, et al. Histomorphometry of bone changes in stable strontium therapy. In: Trace
substances in environmental health XIX, edited by D.D. Hemphill, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 1985,
193-208.
3. Marie PJ, Hott M. Short-term effects of fluoride and strontium on bone formation and resorption in the mouse.
Metabolism. 1986, 35:547-551
4. Meunier PJ, Slosman DO, Delmas PD, et al. Strontium ranelate: dose-dependent effects in established
postmenopausal vertebral osteoporosis: a 2-year randomized placebo controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab.
2002;87(5):2060-2066.
5. Meunier PJ, Roux C, Seeman E, et al. The effects of strontium ranelate on the risk of vertebral fracture in women
with postmenopausal osteoporosis. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:459-468.
6. Reginster JY, et al. Strontium ranelate reduces fractures in osteoporotic women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;
90(5):2816-2822.
7. Nutr Rev 1983; 41:342–4
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Chapter 8
A Bone Density Study with a Difference!
veritable m ountain of science supports calcium as a cont r ibutor to bone
health. A large body of clinical studies also supports the safety and efficacy of vitam in D3,
vitam in K2, st ront ium , and m agnesium . And a sm aller group of studies supports boron,
silica, and other t race m inerals as im portant individual cont r ibutors to bone health. Using
the typical pharm aceut ical m odel, m ost of the t im e each of these ingredients is tested
individually, or m aybe with one other co- factor. Drug test ing is norm ally done on a single
m olecule so that any outcom e is clearly at t r ibutable to the m olecule. The Surgeon
General’s call to act ion recom m ended a program rather than test ing of a single com ponent .
We kept this concept in m ind as we discussed designing a t rial for the new AlgaeCal
calcium . Why not put ALL the clinically supported natural ingredients into one program ?
Maybe if you have 100 people losing bone density, som e of them are calcium deficient ,
som e of them just need m ore vitam in D, som e of them are m issing one or m ore t race
m inerals, etc. We thought with a whole program of ingredients, we can help as m ore
people get bet ter results, so we did exact ly that .
A clinical study with hundreds of subjects was done, with several leading University doctors
m onitoring the process. The results, by anyone’s standards, are am azing!
Rather than AlgaeCal slowing down bone loss, as other calcium supplem ents predictably do,
it actually helped part icipants grow it back! Hundreds of bone density studies have been
conducted with regular calcium supplem ents, all result ing in reducing the losses of bone.
The scient ific outcom e of increased bone density am ong part icipants of both genders and all
ages from the algaecal study is a m ilestone. a
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The AlgaeCal® Clinical Study
Based on three com ponents suggested by the Surgeon General in his “call to act ion”
( increased calcium and vitam in D3, increased physical act ivit y and increased health
educat ion) the bone health program was undertaken by 400 subjects aged 8-80, for a six
m onth period. The plan was subsequent ly tested by exam ining changes in BMD.
I n the study, the subj ects com pleted a baseline DEXA screening test to determ ine bone
m ineral density. They were supplied with a pedom eter based act ivity program to m onitor
and encourage weight bearing exercise, as recom m ended by the Surgeon General, as well
as a Health Literacy Notebook to increase the chance of com pliance. They were also given
680 m g of st ront ium to consum e daily, as well one of two versions of the AlgaeCal Bone
Health dietary supplem ent . Although all the subjects received the sam e st ront ium cit rate,
pedom eter to gauge exercise, and health brochure, they were unaware that different
subjects were to consum e two different AlgaeCal versions.
Two versions of AlgaeCal were used (see below) to see if the form ula could be im proved
upon. This was decided in light of bet ter ingredients, and new theories on vitam in and
m ineral dosages em erging. 5
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To ensure accuracy, com pliance to the product usage was m easured using the part icipant ’s
daily t racking form s. For each subject , com pliance was rated by the research technician on
a scale of one to five. One was considered the least com pliant , and five was for the
subjects who m ost closely followed the plan.
274 subjects took AlgaeCal-1, and 80 took AlgaeCal-2. As to be expected with all studies, a
certain num ber of subjects dropped out for various reasons. I n this study, 125 subjects
taking AlgaeCal-1 and 51 subjects taking AlgaeCal-2 m ade it to the six m onth finish line.
I n order to facilitate ease of com paring changes in BMD during studies of different periods, a
com m on convent ion is to annualize changes in BMD to one year. Thus, a two-year study
would divide the observed changes by two, and a six-m onth study would double the
observed changes. This annualized convent ion was em ployed when the results of
approxim ately six m onths were com piled.
A num ber of studies have established norm al or expected changes in BMD with age. I n
general, BMD increases with age unt il about the m id- thirt ies, rem ains constant for a few
years and then progressively declines. The expected decline for wom en is about 1% per
year and is about one-half a percent for m en. Since the part icipants in this study ranged
from 18-85 and were a m ixture of m ales and fem ales, norm s provided by the Nat ional
Osteoporosis Foundat ion (www.nof.org) were used to calculate the expected decline in BMD
for each person in the study, based on their age and sex, and calculated the average for all
part icipants.
W hat Happened?
The outcom e far surpassed expectat ions. Both groups experienced greater increases in BMD
than expected, based on age-adjusted nat ional norm s. The m ost am azing results happened
for the m ost com pliant subjects taking AlgaeCal-2. They experienced a 3.7% increase in
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bone density, when calculated over the year! I n an indust ry where slowing down the
expected bone loss from 1% to ½ % is considered a victory, these rates of increase are
am azing!
Another result was that the m ean increase in BMD over the expected losses in subjects
taking AlgaeCal-2 was significant ly greater than the m ean increase BMD over expected, in
subjects taking AlgaeCal-1 by alm ost 100% . This result t ruly validates AlgaeCal’s research
and convict ion that we need m ore than just calcium , m agnesium and conservat ive am ounts
of vitam in D3 for general bone health.
I n both groups, subjects highly com pliant to the Plan significant ly out -perform ed those not
highly com pliant to the Plan, with regard to the change in BMD. This speaks for it self, but
one can never have too m uch evidence to give us the m ot ivat ion we need to “ st ick with the
program .‟ Thankfully there is hope for you, if you are losing bone density. Science has
proven that you can add to your bone density at any age, naturally!
References
1,The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994)
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and Moves it to Your Bones!
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