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Ionic Bonds and Ionic
Compounds
IonsAtoms with a charge are called ions
Cation
Metals
+
Anions
Nonmetals
-
If an atom loses electrons it will become an
ion with a positive (+) charge
11 Protons +
11 electrons -
11 Protons +
10 Electrons -
Na
Cation
Na+
Positive Ions: Cations
Metals Positive IonsOnly metals will lose electrons to form positive
ions, or cations.
Some metals lose their
electrons more easily
than others and are said
to more reactive.
The alkali metals and the alkaline metals lose
their valence electrons easily and are the
most reactive metals.
Transition MetalsWhen forming ions, transition metals commonly
lose their s2 electrons, forming +2 ions.
However, many
transition metals can
also lose some of
their d electrons to
form +3 ions.
Some transition metals can lose electrons to
form ions with up to a +7 charge.
If an atom gains an electron it will become an ion
with a negative (-) Charge
17 Protons +
17 Electrons -
17 Protons +
18 Electrons -
Cl -
Anions
Cl
Nonmetals Negative Ions
Only nonmetals will gain electrons to form
negative ions, or anions.
Nonmetals will gain
enough electrons to
complete a full outer
valence configuration.
To designate an anion, the ending – ide is
added to the root name of the element.
Non-Metals
In order for an atom to lose an electron, it must
first be near an atom that will accept that electron
After the electron
exchange takes
place, the atoms
become two
oppositely charged
ions
Ion Exchange
Ionic BondsIons of opposite charges attract each other, in a
similar fashion to how opposite ends of magnets
attract each other, to form an ionic bond.
Ionic Compounds
Ionic compounds
are held together
by an electrostatic
attraction force
between oppositely
charged ions.
Metal and Nonmetal
Compounds formed by ionic bonds are called
ionic compounds and have different properties
than their individual atoms.
Ionic Compounds
Explosive
Metal
Poisonous
GasTable Salt
Types of Ionic CompoundsWhen a metal forms an
ionic bond with oxygen
atoms, they are called
oxides.
When a metal forms
an ionic bond with
the halogens, they
from salts.
Aluminum Oxide
Lithium Chloride
Ionic Compounds
Sodium Chloride NaCl
When ionic compounds form, the negative
and positive ions become packed into
regular repeating patterns, or crystals.
When ionic compounds are dissolved in
water they can conduct electricity and so are
called electrolytes
Ionic Compounds
Na+
Cl-
K+
Mg+
Ca+
Ionic compounds have high melting and high
boiling points
Ionic Compounds
Sodium Chloride’s Melting Point = 8010C
Sodium Chloride’s Boiling Point = 14130C
Allows us the
separate ionic
compounds
through distillation