ionic compounds: - are made up of positive and negative ions arranged in a crystal structure. (metal...
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Ionic Compounds: - are made up of positive and negative ions arranged in a crystal structure.(metal and non-metal)
Covalent Molecules: - are made up of atoms sharing electrons.(non-metal and non-metal)
Salt, NaCl
4.2 – Ionic and Covalent Compound Naming4.2 – Ionic and Covalent Compound Naming
Water, HWater, H22OO
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Naming Ionic Compounds: name of an ionic compound = positive ion
negative ion-ide Ex.1: magnesium and oxygen
positive ion negative ion-ideMagnesium ox + ide Magnesium oxide
Ex.2: what is the name of Ca3N2? Ca = calcium; N = nitrogen Drop the end of the negative ion and add –ide Calcium nitride
Ex.3: What is the name of BaCl2? Barium chloride
Magnesium oxide is used as a drying agent.
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Writing formulas for Ionic CompoundsRemember: positive charges must = negative charges
Ex.1: What is the formula for magnesium phosphide?
Magnesium is Mg2+ Phosphorous is P3–
Lowest common multiple of 2 and 3 is 6 3 Mg2+ ions & 2 P3– ions (6 +ve’s & 6 –ve’s) Magnesium phosphide = Mg3P2
Ex.2: What is the formula for calcium oxide?Calcium is Ca2+ Oxygen is O2–
1 Ca2+ ion & 1 O2– ionCalcium oxide = CaO
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Drawing Formula Diagrams
More Examples: Lithium nitride Barium sulphide
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Ionic Compound with a Multivalent Metal Multivalent: some transition metals have
more than one charge. Roman numerals are used after the metal
name to indicate which ion was used
Ex. 1 What is the formula manganese(III) sulphide?
This manganese is Mn3+ Sulphur is S2–
Lowest common multiple of 3 and 2 is 62 Mn3+ ions and 3 S2– ionsMn2S3
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You try!
What is the name for TiF4?Titanium can be Ti4+ or Ti3+ Fluorine is F–
From the ratio in the formula you can find out it is Ti4+
1 Ti4+ ion and 4 F– ionsTitanium (IV) fluoride
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Polyatomic Ions are made up of several atoms joined
together by covalent bonds The whole group has a + or – charge, not
individual atoms.
Ex.1 What is the formula of sodium sulphate?
Na+ and SO42–
Na2SO4
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Ex.2: What is the name of the compound KClO? K+ = potassium ClO– = hypochlorite
Potassium hypochlorite
Ex.3: What is the formula for Calcium nitrate?Ca2+ and NO3
-
Ca(NO3)2
* Note the brackets around NO3 show there are two of the nitrate ions present
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Naming Simple Covalent Compounds
Prefixes are used before the atom name to indicate the number of atoms in the molecule.
Examples: CO = carbon monoxide
CO2 = carbon dioxide
Write the most metallic atom (furthest left) first, then add -ide to the end of the second atom’s name
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Examples:
What is the name of the molecule Si3P6? Trisilicon hexaphosphide
What is the chemical formula for the molecule trinitrogen tetrachloride? N3Cl4
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How do you know which type it is?
To determine whether a compound is ionic or covalent:- Examine the formula• Ionic compounds start with a metal or the
ammonium ion• Covalent compounds start with a non-metal
Take the Section 4.2 Quiz