ionic compounds - ms. goldenberg
TRANSCRIPT
Univalent, Multivalent, Polyatomic, Binary acid, Oxyacid, Hydroxide bases, Bicarbonate bases
Ionic Compound Nomenclature
+ =
Na Cl NaCl
Definition of Compounds
pure substance two or more elements chemically combined
Types of Compounds
Grade 9 definitions Ionic compound: consists of a metal
and nonmental
Molecular compound: consists of 2 nonmetals
Ionic Compounds It is more accurate to say that ionic
compounds form when atoms transfer electrons
Ionic compounds consists of: ions of opposite charges an electron donor and acceptor
Molecular Compounds
It is more accurate to say that molecular compounds form when atoms share electrons
There is no donor or acceptor
(We will study this in more detail in another lesson)
+ =
Na Cl NaCl
Example of Ionic CompoundFormation of NaCl, or table salt
Example of Ionic Compound Sodium has 1 valence electron and
wants to remove it to be stable Chlorine has 7 valence electrons and
wants to gain one to be stable Thus, one electron from sodium is
transferred to chlorine
Na Cl
Ionic Compound
A cation will react with an anion to acquire a full valence shell
The attraction between the cation and the anion is known as an ionic bond
Na Cl
Properties of Ionic CompoundAt room temperature, most are hard,
brittle solids that can be crushed
Properties of Ionic Compound
Ionic compounds form crystals that have an alternating arrangement of positively charged ions and negatively charged ions
When they break their edges are well-defined
Properties of Ionic Compound
In an ionic crystal, every ion is attracted to every other ion
Thus, ionic crystals have very high melting points
Eg. NaCl melts at 800oC
Properties of Ionic Compound
When an ionic compound dissolves in water, the crystal structure breaks down and the ions become free to move.
Properties of Ionic Compound
Solutions of ionic compounds can conduct electricity
Nomenclature
A system used to name things In this case, we will be naming a
variety of different types of ionic compounds: Univalent Multivalent Polyatomic Acids: Binary & Oxyacid Bases: Hydroxide & Bicarbonate
Univalent & Multivalent Ions
Univalent ions: Ions that only have one possible charge
Multivalent ions: Ions that have two or more possible charges
Univalent & Multivalent Compounds
Univalent compounds: Compounds where the cation only has one possible charge
Multivalent compound: Compounds where the cation has more than one possible charge
** Only some metals are multivalent
Naming Univalent Ionic Compounds
1. Name the cation first• Cations have the same name as the element name
2. Name the anion second• Anions change the ending of its name changes to “ide”
3. Subscripts can be ignored when determining the name
(Chemical Formula--> Chemical Name)
Examples: KBr, Na3P, ZnF2
Naming Univalent Ionic Compounds
1. Identify the charges of the Ions
2. Determine the number of positive and negative ions needed to make the compound neutral
3. Use the lowest common multiple
(Chemical Name -->Chemical Formula)
Examples: Calcium Chloride
RULE for all compounds
Although ionic compounds are made of charged particles, the compound itself has no net charge
All ion charges must be equal and add up to zero
Aluminum oxide
• What are the charges on the ions?
• How many of each do we need to make the compound neutral?
• Write the chemical formula using subscripts as needed.
Naming Univalent Ionic Compounds
Calcium oxide
• What are the charges on the ions?
• How many of each do we need to make the compound neutral?
• Write the chemical formula using subscripts as needed.
• Use the lowest common multiple
Naming Univalent Ionic Compounds
Multivalent Ionic Compounds
Multivalent compound: Compounds where the metal ion has two or more possible charges.
Naming Multivalent Ionic Compounds
1. Identify all the possible charges of the ions
2. Determine which charge on the multivalent ion is needed to make the compound neutral
3. Name the cation• Indicate the charge in brackets using Roman numerals
(I,II,III,IV)
4. Name the anion• Change the ending to ‘ide’
(Chemical Formula--> Written Name)Examples: FeO, Cu2S
Naming Multivalent Ionic Compounds
CoCl2, MnCl41. Identify all the possible charges of the ions
2. Determine which charge on the multivalent ion is needed to make the compound neutral
3. Name the metal ion • Indicate the charge in brackets using Roman numerals
(I,II,III,IV)
4. Name the non-metal ion • Change the ending to ‘ide’
Naming Multivalent Ionic Compounds
Cobalt (II) Chloride
• What are the charges on the ions?
• How many of each do we need to make the compound neutral?
• Write the chemical formula using subscripts as needed.
Writing Chemical Formula for
Multivalent Ionic CompoundsBismuth (V) Phosphide
• What are the charges on the ions?
• How many of each do we need to make the compound neutral?
• Write the chemical formula using subscripts as needed.
Polyatomic Ions Poly = 2 or more Atomic = atoms
A polyatomic ion is a group of atoms, usually of different elements, that act as a single ion
Example: one atom of sulphur and four atoms of oxygen form the polyatomic ion called sulphate, or SO4
2-
Name Formulaammonium NH4
+
carbonate CO32-
bicarbonate HCO3-
hydroxide OH-
nitrate NO3-
nitrite NO2-
permanganate MnO4-
phosphate PO43-
phosphite PO33-
sulphate SO42-
sulphite SO32-
Polyatomic Ions
Polyatomic Ions Similar polyatomic ions are named using the
suffixes “-ate” or “-ite”
Example: NO3- is nitrate NO2- is nitrite
Most common polyatomic ions have a negative charge
Exception: ammonium ion (NH4+) has a positive charge
Naming Polyatomic Ionic Compounds
LiHCO31.Name the cation:
2. Identify the polyatomic ion (Use table)
3.Combine the names. Do not change the polyatomic ending.
Naming Polyatomic Ionic Compounds
FeSO31. Name the cation:
2. Identify the charge of the multivalent ion used for the compound to be neutral. Indicate the charge using I,II,III,IV
3. Identify the polyatomic ion (Use table)
4. Combine the names. Do not change the polyatomic ending.
Naming Polyatomic Ionic Compounds
Cu(NO3)21. Name the cation:
2. Identify the charge of the multivalent ion used for the compound to be neutral. Indicate the charge using I,II,III,IV
3. Identify the polyatomic ion (Use table)
4. Combine the names. Do not change the polyatomic ending.
Writing Chemical Formula for Polyatomic Ionic Compounds1. Identify the charge of the ions in the compound
2. Determine the number of positive and negative ions needed to make the compound neutral
3. Write the metal atom first.
4. If subscripts are needed for the polyatomic ion, place a bracket around it first. Make sure to use the lowest common multiple.
Calcium chlorate
Writing Chemical Formula for Polyatomic Ionic CompoundsArsenic (III) acetate
• What are the charges on the ions?
• How many of each do we need to make the compound neutral?
• Write the chemical formula using subscripts and brackets as needed.
Recognizing Acids Acids have their own special naming
system
All acids will have the word ‘acid’ in it’s name.
Examples: Hydrochloric acid Sulphuric acid Acetic acid
Recognizing Acids
All acids have a chemical formula that starts with an H
Example: HCl, H2SO4
Types of Acids
Binary or Simple acids Consist of hydrogen and a nonmetal Example: HCl
Oxyacids Consists of hydrogen and a polyatomic Example: H2SO4 Example: CH3COOH
Binary Acids
Naming rules: ‘hydro’ + nonmetal ‘ic’ + ‘acid’
Examples: HCl H3P HI
Binary Acids
Nonmetal Formula NameFluorine HF Hydrofluoric acidChlorine HCl Hydrochloric acidBromine HBr Hydrobromic acidIodine HI Hydroiodic acid
Sulphur H2S Hydrosulfuric acidPhosphorus H3P Hydrophosphoric acid
Oxyacids
Consists of a hydrogen and a polyatomic ion containing an oxygen
Naming rules: 1. Identify the polyatomic in the formula 2. Look for the oxyacid name on the
reference chart 3. add ‘acid’
**Notice that you do NOT use ‘hydro’
Oxyacids
H2SO4
1. Identify the polyatomic in the formula
2. Look for the oxyacid name on the reference chart
3. add ‘acid’
Oxyacids
HC2H3O2
1. Identify the polyatomic in the formula
2. Look for the oxyacid name on the reference chart 3. add ‘acid’
Practice
Acid name Chemical formula
HBr
Hydrophosphoric acid
H3PO4
Carbonic acid
Practice
Acid name Chemical formula
HBr Hydrobromic acid
H3P Hydrophosphoric acid
H3PO4 Phosphoric acid
H2CO3 Carbonic acid
Oxyacids
Polyatomic name Oxyacid name Relative # of
oxygensHypo---ite Hypo---ous acid -2
----ite ---ous acid -1
---ate ---ic acid reference
Per--ate Per---ic acid +1
Oxyacids
Polyatomic name Oxyacid name Formula
Hypochlorite Hypochlorous acid HClO
chlorite chlorous acid HClO2
chlorate chloric acid HClO3
Perchlorate Perchloric acid HClO4
Ionic Nomenclature Summary
X YUnivalent
cationHydrogen
(acid)Multivalent
cationAnion Polyatomic Anion
Ionic Binary acid
Ionic Oxyacid