ionic equations
DESCRIPTION
Ionic Equations. What’s really swimming around. And what’s not swimming around. Electrolytes: cmpds whose aqueous solutions conduct electricity. (refer to solubility rules). Electrolytic solutions must contain ions. Nonelectrolytes: cmpds whose solutions don’t conduct - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Ionic Equations....What’s really swimming around.
And what’s not swimming around.
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For a RXN to occur, at least one product must a non-electrolyte. An insoluble solid (s) or a molecular substance such as a gas (g), or liquid (l) [as in H2O(l)]
If everything remains aqueous (aq), no reaction occurs. All particles are ions and are spectators.
Electrolytes: cmpds whose aqueous solutions conduct electricity. (refer to solubility rules). Electrolytic solutions must contain ions.
Nonelectrolytes: cmpds whose solutions don’t conductelectricity. No ions are present in solution.
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Double Replacement Reactions
Also called:Metathesis reactions
Or to impress your friends.
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KI(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) KNO3(aq) + PbI2(s)
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2KI(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) 2KNO3(aq) + PbI2(s)
2K+ + 2I-
Equation:
Overall Ionic Equation:
+ Pb2+ + 2NO3- 2K+ + 2NO3
- + PbI2(s)
Beaker A Beaker B Beaker C
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2KI(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) 2KNO3(aq) + PbI2(s)
2K+ + 2I-
Equation:
Overall Ionic Equation:
+ Pb2+ + 2NO3- 2K+ + 2NO3
- + PbI2(s)
Net Ionic Equation: (Cross out the spectator ions)
Pb2+ + 2I- PbI2(s)
These are the ions that form the product
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All group 1 cmpds are soluble!
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Which one of the following substances is insoluble in water?
a) RbOH b) KSCNc) BaCO3
d) LiBre) Na3PO4
Let’s Take a Quiz!!
What do these cmpds look like when they dissolve?
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Which one of the following substances is insoluble in water?
a) RbOH b) KSCNc) BaCO3
d) LiBre) Na3PO4
What do these cmpds look like when they dissolve?
H2O
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Which one of the following is an insoluble base?
a) RbOHb) Ba(OH)2 c) Al(OH)3
d) LiOHe) KOH
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Which one of the following salts is insoluble in water?
a) FeCl3
b) Al2(SO4)3
c) Cr(NO3)3
d) (NH4)2CO3
e) AgCl
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Which one of the following salts is insoluble in water?
a) MgSO4
b) KNO3
c) AgBrd) FeCl3
e) NaBr
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What is the total ionic equation for the following formula unit equation?
BaCl2(aq) + Na2SO4(aq) --> BaSO4(s) + 2NaCl(aq)
[Ba2+(aq)+2Cl-(aq)] + [2Na+(aq)+SO42-(aq)]
BaSO4(s) + 2Na+(aq)+2Cl-(aq)
Let’s find the net ionic equation:(Cross out all the Spectator ions.)
Ba2+ + SO42- BaSO4(s) Net ionic equation:
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Common Strong Acids and Bases:
Strong Acids:
Chloric, HClO3
Hydrobromic, HBrHydrochloric, HClHydroiodic, HINitric, HNO3
Sulfuric, H2SO4
Perchloric HClO4
Strong Bases:
Group 1A metal hydroxides(LiOH, NaOH, KOH,RbOH, CsOH)
Heavy Group 2A metal hydroxides[Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, andBa(OH)2]
Strong acids are completely separated into their ions in water.
Strong bases are strong electrolyes also. (high solubility)
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What is a strong Acid?
An Acid that is 100% ionized in water.
often written as:
HCl H+ + Cl-
Strong Acids:100% ionized (completely dissociated) in water.
HCl + H2O H3O+ + Cl-
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What is a strong Base?
A base that is completely dissociated in water (highly soluble).
NaOH(s) Na+ + OH-
Strong Bases:
Group 1A metal hydroxides(LiOH, NaOH, KOH,RbOH, CsOH)
Heavy Group 2A metal hydroxides[Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, andBa(OH)2]
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RXN: Strong acid and a strong base.
HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) HOH(l) + NaCl(aq)strong
H+ + Cl- +strong
Na+ + OH- H2O(l) + nonelectrolyte electrolyte
Na+ + Cl-
“this is the total or overall ionic equation”
Cross out the spectators to find theNET IONIC EQUATION
H+ + OH- H2O(l)
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Strong and Weak acids
Strong Acids:HClO4 H2SO4
HNO3 HIHBr HClHClO3
Weak Acids:“The Rest”
Strong electrolytes
Weak electrolytes
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Strong Acids:100% ionized (completely dissociated) in water.
HCl + H2O H3O+ + Cl- Note the “one way arrow”.
Weak Acids:Only a small % (dissociated) in water.
HC2H3O2 + H2O H3O+ + C2H3O2-
Note the “2-way” arrow.
Why are they different?
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Strong Acids:
HCl HCl HClHCl HCl
ADD WATER to MOLECULAR ACID
(H2O)
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Strong Acids:
(H2O)H3O+
H3O+
H3O+
H3O+
H3O+
Cl-
Cl-
Cl-
Cl-
Cl-
Note: No HCl molecules remain in solution, all have been ionized in water.
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HC2H3O2
HC2H3O2
HC2H3O2
HC
2H3O
2
HC2H3O2
(H2O)
Weak Acid Ionization:
Add water to MOLECULES of WEAK Acid
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HC2H3O2
HC2H3O2
HC2H3O2
HC
2H3O
2
HC2H3O2
H30
+ C2H3O2-
(H2O)
Weak Acid Ionization:
Note: At any given time only a small portion of the acid molecules are ionized and since reactions are running in BOTH directions the mixture composition stays the same.
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What is the total ionic equation for the following formula unit equation? HF(aq) + KOH(aq) KF(aq) + H2O(l) weak strong strong electrolyte non-electrolyte
HF(aq) + K+(aq)+OH-(aq) K+(aq)+F-(aq) + H2O(l)
Overall ionic equation:
Net ionic equation: (Cross out the spectators)
HF(aq) + OH-(aq) F-(aq) + H2O(l)
HF is a weak acidweak electrolyte
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What is the total ionic equation for the following formula unit equation? HC2H3O2(aq) + NaOH(aq) NaC2H3O2(aq) + H2O(l) weak acid strong base strong electrolyte weak electrolyte
HC2H3O2(aq) + Na+(aq)+OH-(aq) Na+(aq)+ C2H3O2 -(aq) + H2O(l)
Overall ionic equation:
Net ionic equation: (Cross out the spectators)
HC2H3O2(aq) + OH-(aq) C2H3O2 -(aq) + H2O(l)
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Net Ionic equations with Single Replacement RXNs:
Cu(s) + 2AgNO3(aq) Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2Ag(s)
Cu(s) + 2Ag+ + 2NO3- Cu2+ + 2NO3
- + 2Ag(s)Over-all:
Cross out the spectator ions.
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Net Ionic equations with Single Replacement RXNs:
Cu(s) + 2AgNO3(aq) Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2Ag(s)
Cu(s) + 2Ag+ + 2NO3- Cu2+ + 2NO3
- + 2Ag(s)Over-all:
Net ionic Eq.:
Cu(s) + 2Ag+ Cu2+ + 2Ag(s)
Copper is more reactive than silver!
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Let’s try: Mg in HCl(aq)
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) MgCl2(aq) + H2(g) Mg + 2H+ + 2Cl- Mg2+ + 2Cl- + H2(g)
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Fe in AgNO3(aq)
HCl and NaHCO3(aq)
NaOH and H3PO4(aq)
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Study for a Quiz!