ionizing radiation. lecture outline ionizing radiation 1. x-ray radiation 2. complex roentgen...
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Ionizing RadiationIonizing Radiation
Lecture outline Ionizing radiation
1. X-ray radiation2. Complex Roentgen equipmentЗ. Medical equipment based on
use of ionizing radiation
Roentgen medical equipment1. Roentgen (X-ray) radiation2. X-ray tube 3. X-ray devices4. Computed Tomography (CT)
Roentgen (X-ray) radiation
• X-ray radiation – are electromagnetic waves with wavelength range
between 10-2 and 10 nm.
Ivan Pulyui Lamp
4
3
А
К
X-ray tube with rotating anode
Intensity of X-rays
zikuÔ 2
Roentgen diagnostic complex hardware
Roentgen diagnostic computer operated complex hardware
Block Scheme of X-ray diagnostic device
Examination of a patient using mobile X-ray diagnostic device
Mobile X-ray diagnostic device
Monoblock of an X-ray device ,,Арман-1’’
Block Scheme of an “РДА”
Computer system for X-ray CT examination
Mammography
Scheme of CT examination
Internal view of a CT scanner
Block Diagram of a CT scanner
Procedure for CT scanning
Roentgen equipment for examination of blood vessels
1. Roentgen spectra2. Moseley's lawЗ. Angiography 4. Angiographs
Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen – inventor of X-rays
Ivan Pavlovich Pulyui – inventor of Roentgen tube prototype
Dependence of Х-ray intensity on voltage
Dependence of X-ray minimal wavelength on voltage
eUhcmin
minmax 2
3
23 eUhc
Characteristic X-ray spectrum
Mechanism of characteristic x-ray spectra generation
Moseley's law
ZC
,
Moseley's constant
22
11
mnRC
Coefficient of Х-ray absorption
33Zk
Comparison of X-ray absorption coefficients for bones and water
688112
8815220333
333
2
243
OH
POca
Angiograph
Angiography
Angiograph from the 2nd City Hospital, Ternopil
Vascular visualization using angiography
Vascular angiography of human hands
Angiography
Medical equipment based on use of ionizing radiation
1. Laws of radioactive decay.2. Types of radioactive decay.
3. Composition of gamma-knife, cyber-knife, positron-emission tomography (PET), linear
accelerator.
Law of Radioactive Decay
NdtdN
Law of Radioactive Decay
tNN exp0
/693,0/2ln T
Law of Radioactive Decay
T0
N 0 /2
N 0
N
t(c)
The activity of a radioactive substance
/// dtdNA
The activity of a radioactive substance
TNNeNA t 2ln
0
Alpha (α)-Decay
HeYX AZ
AZ
42
42
Beta (β) -decay
~0
001
6028
6027 eNiCo
Radioactive radiation
Three types of radioactive radiation
Gamma-chamber
Gamma-radiation based device
Gamma (γ)-knife
Cyber-knife
Linear Accelerator
Schematic visualization of operational principle for linear accelerator
Operational principles for Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
Principle of Positron Emission Tomography
References1. Ємчик Л.Ф., Кміт Я.М. Медична і біологічна фізика: Підруч.-Львів: Світ, 2003.- 592 с. 2. Марценюк В.П., Дідух В.Д., Ладика Р.Б., Баранюк І.О., Сверстюк А.С., Сорока І.С. Підручник „Медична біофізика і медична аппаратура” Тернопіль: Укрмедкнига, 2008, 355 с.3. Зисман Г.А., Курс общей физики. / Г.А. Зисман, О.М. Тодес //– М.: Наука, 1972. 366 с.4. Ремизов А.Н. Медицинская и биологическая физика. / А.Н. Ремизов // - М.: Высшая школа, 1987. – 634 с. 5. Чалий О.В. Медична і біологічна фізика в 2-ох томах. / О.В. Чалий //– К.:ВІПОЛ, 2001 – 840 с.6. Яворський Б.М., Курс фізики ч.ІІ, / Б.М. Яворський, А.А. Детлаф, Л.Б. Милковська // - К.: Вища школа, 1972. 345 с.
7.В. Д. Дідух . Заняття № 10. Кафедра медичної фізики з діагностичним та лікувальним устаткуванням. ТДМУ.