ios110 introduction to operating systems using windows session 3 1

IOS110Introduction to Operating Systems using Windows

Session 3

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Objectives:

•Installing Windows XP – Attended mode•Installing Windows XP – Unattended mode•Multi-boot with Linux

Attended Installation

Hardware RequirementsThe following are the requirements (minimum and recommended to install Windows XP:

Component Minimum RecommendedCPU Pentium-compatible 233MHx Pentium-compatible 300MHz+

Memory 64MB 128MB + (4GB maximum)

HardDisk 2GB with 1.5GB free space 2GB+ free space (2TB maximum)

Networking Network adapter card Network adapter card

Display VGA adapter and monitor SVGA adapter and monitor

CD-ROM 12x 12x

Accessories Keyboard and pointing device Keyboard and pointing device

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Type of InstallThere are two basic classifications of install:

Clean Install all settings and information is lost

Upgrade Install Retains registry and account information Upgrade possible from: Win98 WinME Win NT 4.0 Workstation Win2000 Professional

Upgrade to one of the above or perform a clean install if you have Win 3.1 Win95 Win NT < 4.0

You must perform a clean install for all other non-Windows O/S (UNIX, MS-DOS, Linux, OS/2...)

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Partitioning Hard DriveThe set up program will provide you with choices, depending on your current HD configuration:

New, unpartitioned disk: you must create partition(s)Existing partitioned disk with partition large enough for WinXP: you may install on this partitionNo existing partitions large enough: You may create a partition from HD freespace, provided it meets minimum requirementsYou may delete existing contiguous partitions to create enough freespace for WinXP install. Deleted partitions will loose all information. Backup partitions to be deleted before altering your partition table.

The partition for WinXP must be what size minimum? Recommended?

Virtual Memory Manager uses some of this space. (What does VMM manage? What is the name of the file?)

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Partitioning Hard Drive, continuedFor installations, the set up program creates temporary folder called $Win_NT$.~bt

For installations over the network, it also creates $Win_NT$.~ls

The folder sizes are dependent on cluster size of the disk, and can be found at the end of: \I386\TXTSETUP.SIF

TempDirSpace512 = 339518464,13448704TempDirSpace1K = 340993024,13496320TempDirSpace2K = 343906304,13568000TempDirSpace4K = 350388224,13787136TempDirSpace8K = 364478464,14008320TempDirSpace16K = 396541952,15024128TempDirSpace32K = 463765504,17170432TempDirSpace64K = 612040704,21561344TempDirSpace128K = 924057600,31719424TempDirSpace256K = 1584922624,52953088

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Partitioning Hard Drive, continuedNew partitions must be formatted.

Selecting the format will define the accessibility of the data on the partition:

FAT(16) - MS-DOS compatible, inefficient for partitions > 511MB

FAT32 - Minimum partition size is 512MB. Less error prone than FAT

NTFS - Allows for more granular security, file encryption, disk quotas, faster

NTFS is the preferred format for WinXP, however if you are setting up multi-boot, the data on the NTFS partition will be unavailable to non-WinXP operating systems (Win98, Linux, etc).

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Network SetupMust choose between:

WorkgroupDomain

How do these differ based on:Administration?Security?Size?Types of servers?

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Testing System CompatibilityTo ensure that the PC meets the requirements there are three official (and one unofficial) method to check:

From the set up screen at the beginning of the install, select “Check system compatibility”From a command line prompt execute \i386\winnt32 /checkupgradeonlyDownload a utility from Microsoft called chkupgrd.exe, and run it from a command prompt.Unofficially, check the requirements against the list provided earlier.

The utilities produce a summary report of potential problems and display it. There is also a file created called upgrade.txt

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Upgrade TasksThe following must be performed before running an upgrade:

Virus scanner disabled or uninstalledRemove older antivirus applications, disk quota applications, power management toolsUpgrade software that may otherwise fail when running under WinXPUncompress drives that have been compressed using utilities such as DriveSpace or DoubleSpace.Backup and remove any volume sets or stripe sets on basic disks

User State Migration Tool- to capture and transfer user files and setting from one computer to another- helpful when upgrading a user's PC to new hardware with a new install of WinXP

Files and Settings Transfer WizardAlternative to USMT, simplest method if only a few computers are affected

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Installing from a CD-ROMThe PC must be capable of booting from CD-ROM, and be configured to boot from CD-ROM before checking the HD (if another O/S already exists)

What if PC does not boot from CD-ROM? You can download from Microsoft a utility that will create a set of floppy disks (6

disks) with which you can boot the PC and then resume installation from CD-ROM.

Install / use existing O/S on the PC that does recognize CD-ROM, such as MS-DOS. Must run \i386\winnt.exe to begin installation (not winnt32.exe)

Four Stages:Set up program – text basedSet up wizardWindows networking componentsCompletion of set up

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Set up ProgramIf set up program detects an existing, upgradable, version of Windows, it gives you the opportunity to Upgrade.

You cannot have repartitioned your HD for this to occur

If you choose “New Installation (Advanced)”, you will be given the opportunity to partition the HD. Do not perform this is you download updated set up files to the only partition that you have and you wish to repartition your HD.

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Set up WizardResponsible for:Regional and Language optionsPersonalize your software (your name and organisation's name)Computer name and administrator password

Computer name must be unique to the network Maximum 63 characters Do not use punctuation other than a dash (-) May use upper-case and lower-case letters, numbers

Date and time settings

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Installing from a CD-ROM Set up Wizard:

Responsible for:Regional and Language optionsPersonalize your software (your name and organisation's name)Computer name and administrator password

Computer name must be unique to the network Maximum 63 characters Do not use punctuation other than a dash (-) May use upper-case and lower-case letters, numbers

Date and time settings

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Networking ComponentsNetwork card automatically configuredSelect Workgroup or DomainConfigure the network services if your need something other than a DCHP set up

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Completion of Set upInstalls Start MenuRegisters componentsSaves configurationRemoves temporary filesRestarts the computerAdjusts screen resolution

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Newly Installed ComputerSelect how the computer will connect to the networkEnter additional user accounts (you can up to 5 accounts on this page, you can add more after the install has finished)

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Optional ComponentsAfter installation has completed, you can add or remove optional Windows XP components.

Start -> Control Panel -> Add or Remove Programs

There is a menu on the left that includes Add/Remove Windows Components:

Accessories and Utilities e.g. games

Fax services Indexing Service

Full text search feature for data on the computer or network Internet Information Service (IIS)

To run a website from the computer – including web and FTP services Management and Monitoring Tools

Installs SNMP and Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) Message Queuing Services

To control data flow to destinations and ensuring their delivery MSN Explorer

Internet exploration tool Networking Services Network File and Print services

permits sharing local resources with UNIX and Macintosh computers 19


Optional Components - continued

Smart tags support Enables new Internet Explorer functionality

Update Root Certificates Downloads current root certificates for secure web browsing, email and

software delivery

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Network Installation

Network InstallationThis is still an attended installation – the installation files happened to reside on a server.

Distribution ServerCreate a shared folder on a drive with at least 1.5GB of freespaceCopy the I386 folder to this folder

Local ComputerConnect to distribution serverRun set up program winnt.exe or winnt32.exe as appropriate

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Setup Program Command SwitchesThere are some switches that can be used with winnt.exe and/or winnt32.exe to control its function:

/a Enable accessibility options

/e:command command to be executed at end of GUI-mode setup

/m:folder Folder from which replacement files are to be copied

/s:sourcepath Where to find the I386 folder

/t:tempdrive for winnt.exe only. Where to place temporary setup files

/u:answerfile for winnt.exe only. For unattended installation

/udf:id,UDFfile For unattended install. The ID is in the Uniqueness Database FileModifies answers for specific PCs (ID).

/checkupgradeonly for winnt32.exe only. Checks PC for compatibility

/copydir:folder Copy optional folder to system root folder (repeat as necessary)

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Setup Program Command Switches - continued/copysource:folder for winnt32.exe only. Copies optional folder to system root

folder, then deletes it after install

/cmd:command for winnt32.exe only. Execute command after set up, butbefore final system restart

/debug[level]:[filename] for winnt32.exe only. Log information at specifiedlevels:1 error, 2 warning, 3 informational, 4 detailed

/syspart:drive for winnt32.exe only. Copies setup files to specified drive,marks drive active. Can then move the drive to anotherPC and resume setup after booting up.

/tempdrive:letter for winnt32.exe only. Copy temporary files to drive

/unattended:answerfile for winnt32.exe only. File contains answers for customizedsetup specifications

/cmdcons for winnt32.exe only. Installs recovery console during setup

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Problem and SolutionSetup reports insufficient disk space:Minimum is 1.5GB required

Unable to join domain during installationCheck physical connectionHas the user account been createdIf the computer name is being recreated in this install, delete and re-add the computer accountCheck domain nameCheck that DNS is working correctlyJoin a workgroup instead so that installation can be completed. Sort out error afterwards

Stop MessageCheck the PC against the Hardware Compatibility List (HCL)Ensure drivers are up-to-date by checking vendor websitesRemove non-essential peripherals

CD-ROM media problemsDefective CD-ROMDirty or scratched CD-ROMEnsure CD-ROM drive supports El-Torito specification

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Common Problems

Problem and Solution - continuedBIOS virus checker reports a computer virus after rebootDisable BIOS virus checker until after installation complete

Failure of a dependency service to startCommon in later stages of installationCan be caused by misconfiguration of, or malfunctioning network adapter cardCheck that computer name is unique

Error Loading Operating SystemCan occur if setup formats a partition as NTFS and the disk geometry was reported incorrectlyTry smaller NTFS partition size (4GB or less)Format using FAT32

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Common Problems

Log FilesThe following files may help in diagnosing installation problems:

setupact.logA.K.A. the Action logcontains chronological order of all files copied locally during setupIncludes registry entriesIncludes entries to Error logMessages related to improper entries in autoexec.bat and config.sys

setupact.txtContains additional information about device driver files copied during setup

setuperr.logA.K.A. the Error logRecords all errors that occurred during setupCan be used to determine the severity of the error

comsetup.logErrors related to optional Component manager and COM+ components

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Common Problems

Log Files -continuedsetupapi.logContains entries for each line of a .inf file that is implemented, or not implemented correctly

netsetup.logRecords activities related to joining a workgroup or a domainLogs network computer, workgroup and domain validation events

mmdet.logRecord of detected multimedia devicesLogs installation and resource allocation such as port ranges for each device

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Common Problems

Unattended Installation

Levels of AutomationThere are four levels of automated installationSmall office / home office

Regular install using CD-ROM Slightly Larger Installs

Use Setup Manager to create an answer file, and install from the winnt.exe or winnt32.exe program

Large Offices Using the network, and a RIS server (Remote Install Service)

Large offices without Remote Boot Use System Preparation Tool (sysprep.exe)

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Setup ManagerMust be extracted from Windows XP CD-ROM.

Used for Unattended install RIS Install SysPrep Install

Creates: unattend.txt - Answer file for Set Up GUI unattend.udb - Uniqueness Database unattend.bat - Batch file to launch the unattended install

If running install by booting from CD-ROM, place the answer file on a floppy disk and call it winnt.sif, the UDF file is called winnt.udf

Substituting Values from UDF into Answer FileAnswer File UDF File UsesKey specified Key not specified Answer FileKey specified Key specified UDF FileKey not specified Key specified UDF FileKey not specified Key specified, no value Value not set, may prompt userSection/Key not specified Section/key specified UDF File

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SysPrepCopies entire configuration including installed applications and files to another computer

Requires use of third-party disk imaging software

Steps:Create reference computer - the modelCreate image of reference computerDeploy to target PCsBoot up target PC – answer configuration questions

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Remote Installation ServiceRemote boot of PC (requires PXE-enabled network adapter)

Requires a Win2K server or .NET server with DHCP, DNS, and Active Directory (PDC), and RIS.

For PCs that not have or support PXE network adapters, a bootable floppy can be created that simulated PXE

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ios110 introduction to operating systems using windows session 3 1

Documents

partition large

ntfs partition

partition table

deleted partitions

size minimum

continuednew partitions

backup partitions

existing contiguous