IOT Components

An OverviewBy

Prashanth Nagaraj

IOT Architecture

Device

Sensors

Things

Actuators

CPU

OS

Connectivity

Data Transport

Gateway

Internet

Presentation Layer

Web Android IOS Desktop

Data Storage and Device Management

Apache HBase Cassandra mongoDB Amazon S3

Data Processing

MATLAB SASApache Mahout Apache Hive 

Application Server and Middleware

Reporting SurveillanceBilling NavigationRemote Control

Device side components… Things

o Vehicleso Human Bodyo Electric Appliances (Ex: Fridge, Bulbs, Washing Machine)

Sensorso GPSo Accelerometero Gyroscopeo Temperatureo Speed/RPMo Heart Rateo Light intensityo RFIDo Proximity Sensoro CO2 emission rate

Actuatorso Motorso LEDso Speakerso Brake controller

Device side components CPU/Board

o Arduinoo RaspberryPio Intel Edisono TIo Qualcommo Cypresso MediaTek

OSo Linuxo Threadxo ARM Mbedo Contikio FreeRTOSo NuttXo RIOT OS

Comparison of IOT OS

Network Components Medium Access (Connectivity) Protocols

o Cellular (2G, 3G, 4G)o WiFio BT/BLEo Zigbeeo DASH

Data Transport Protocolso MQTTo CoAPo XMPPo AMQPo HTTPo Websockets o HTTP 2.0

Gateways

Internet

Short Range Connectivity Protocols

Long Range Connectivity ProtocolsGlobal

Standard Used

Frequency bands Channel width Range

Maximum end node transmit power

Packet size Data rate (uplink/downlink)

End node roaming allowed

Governing body

DASH7 Alliance

Protocol 1.0

433/868/915 MHz ISM/SRD

25 kHz or 200 kHz

0 – 5 km

433 MHz: +10dBm

868/915 MHz: +27dBm

max. 256 bytes/packet

9.6 kbit/s, 55.55 kbit/s or

166.667 kbit/s / 9.6 kbit/s, 55.55 kbit/s or

166.667 kbit/s

Yes DASH7 Alliance

Dependent on Regional

Up to 7,991 Bytes (w/o

Regulations (from 1 mW

to 1 W)

Aggregation), up to 65,535 Bytes (with

Aggregation)

LTE-Cat M Cellular 1.4 MHz 2.5– 5 km 100 mW~100 -~1000 bytes typical

~200kbit/s/~200kbit/s Yes 3GPP

EU:<+14dBm,

EU: 300 bit/s to 50 kbit/s/300 bit/s to 50

kbit/s,

US:<+27dBmUS:900bit/s-

100kbit/s/900bit/s-100kbit/s

nWave Sub-1 GHz ISMUltra

narrow band

10 km (urban), 20–30 km

(rural)25-100 mW

12 byte header, 2-20 byte payload

100 bit/s/- Yes Weightless SIG

SigFox 868/902 MHz ISMUltra

narrow band

30–50 km (rural),

3–10 km (urban),

1000 km LoS

10μW to 100 mW

12 bytes (payload)

100 bit/s to 140 messages/day/max.

4 messages of 8 bytes/day

Yes SigFox

Yes LoRa AllianceLoRaWAN 433/868/780/915 MHz ISM

EU: 8x125kHz,

US 64x125kHz/8x125kHz, Modulation:

2-5k (urban), 15k (rural)

User defined

Allowed by other 802.11

am`endments (like 802.11r)

IEEE 802.11 working group

IEEE P802.11ah (low power

Wi-Fi)

Unlicensed Sub-1 GHz bands (excluding TV whitespace)

1/2/4/8/16 MHz

Up to 1 km (outdoor)

150kbit/s ~ 346.666Mbit/s/150kbit/s ~ 346.666Mbit/s

IOT Frameworks

Enables seamless device-to-device connectivity to address the emerging needs of the Internet of Things.

Google Weaveo XMPP

Apple Homekito HTTP 1.1 and HTTP 2.0

AllJoyno Alljoyn Custom Protocol

IoTivityo CoAP

UPnP IOTo HTTP

IOT Cloud

• AWS IOT• IBM Blue Mix• Azure IOT• Verizon Thingspace• Google Cloud• Apple iCloud