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What is Intellectual Property?

Now a days protection of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) has become an important and

powerful tool for development of trade and commerce of a country. Intellectual Property

is the creation of mind which add commercial value to the product. IPR may be of two

categories, (1) Industrial Property and () !opy Right. Industrial Property includes

Patents for inventions, Industrial designs, "rademar#s, $ervice %ar#s, &tility model,

'eographical indications, ayout design of integrated circuit and "rade $ecret. !opy

Right includes literary wor#s such as novels, poems and plays, films, musical wor#s,

artistic wor#s such as drawings, paintings, photographs and sculptures and architectura

designs.

What is Trade Marks?

trademar# is a sign capable of distinguishing the goods or services produced or

provided by one enterprise from those of other enterprises.

*enefit derived from "rademar#s

"rademar#s+

ensure that consumers can distinguish between products

enable companies to differentiate their products

are a mar#eting tool and the basis for building a brand image and reputation

may be licensed to provide a direct source of revenue through royalties

are a crucial component of franchising agreement

may be a valuable business asset

encourage companies to invest in maintaining or improving product -uality

may be useful for obtaining financing.

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What is Design?

n industrial design, in general items, is the ornamental or aesthetic aspects of a useful

article. "his aspect may depend on the shape, pattern or color of the article. "he design

must have visual appeal and perform its intended function efficiently. %oreover, it must

be able to be reproduced by industrial means this is the essential purpose of the design,

and is why the design is called industrial.

In a legal sense, industrial design refers to the right granted in many countries, pursuant

to a registration system, to protect the original, ornamental and nonfunctional features

of a product that result from design activity.

Patents:

%ost laws dealing with the protection of inventions do not actually define the notion of

an invention. number of countries, however, define inventions as new solutions to

technical problems. "he problem may be old or new, but the solution, in order to meritthe name of invention, must be a new one. %erely discovering something that already

e/ists in nature, such as a previously un#nown plant variety, is not an invention. 0uman

intervention must be added. $o the process for e/traction of new substance from a plant

may be an invention. n invention is not necessarily a comple/ item. "he safety pin was

an invention which solved an e/isting technical2 problem. New solutions are, in essence,

ideas, and are protected as such. "hus protection of inventions under patent law does

not re-uire that the invention be represented in physical embodiment.

Utility Model:

3hile not as widespread as patents, utility models are also used to protect inventions.

&tility models are found in the laws of more than 45 countries, as well as in the regiona

agreements of the frican Regional Industrial Property 6rgani7ation (RIP6) and the

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6rgani7ation africaine de la propriete intellectualle2 (6PI). In addition, some countries,

such as ustralia and %alaysia, provide for titles of protection called innovations

patentsor utility innovations, which are similar to utility models. 6ther countries, li#e

0ong 8ong, Ireland and $lovenia, have a shortterm patent that is e-uivalent to the

utility models.

Geographical Indications:

geographical indication is a sign used on goods that have a specific geographical origin

and possess -ualities or a reputation that are due to that place of origin.

gricultural products typically have -ualities that derive from their place of prodcution

and are influence by specific local factors, such as climate and soil.

"he use of geographical indications is not limited to agricultural products. "hey may also

highlight particular -ualities of a product, which are due to human factors found in the

place of origin of the products, such as specific manufacturing s#ills and traditions.

Copyrights:

!opyright relates to artistic creations, such as poems, novels, music, paintings, and

cinematographic wor#s. In most 9uropean languages other than 9nglish, copyright is

#nown author:s rights. "he e/pression copyright refers to the main act which, in respect

of literary and artistic creations, may be made only by the author or with his

authori7ation. "hat act is the ma#ing of copies of the literary or artistic wor#, such as

boo#, a painting, a sculpture, a photograph, or is the creator of the artistic wor#, its

author:s, thus underlining the fact, recogni7ed in most laws, that the author has certain

specific rights in his creation, such as the right to prevent a distorted reproduction, which

only he can e/ercise, whereas other rights, such as the ritgh to ma#e copies, can be

e/ercised by other persons, for e/ample, a publisher who has obtained a license to this

effect from the author.