I think you already know Of tough and bough and cough and dough?Others may stumble but not youOn hiccough, thorough, lough, and through. Well done! And now you wish, perhaps, To lean less familiar traps?

Beware of heard, a dreadful word.That looks like beard and sounds like bird. And dead: it’s said like bed, not bead-For goodness sake don’t call it ‘deed’!Watch out for meat and great and threatThey rhyme with suite and straight and debt.(T.S.W., 1970)

Phonetics-study of the characteristics of

speech sounds

Articulatory Phonetics

• how speech sounds are made or articulated

Articulation• voiced /z/ /v/ /r/

• voiceless /f/ /s/ /p/

Place of articulation

Bilabials-sounds produced formed using

both lower and upper lips

/p/ /b/ /m/ /w/

Labiodentals-these sounds formed with the

upper teeth and the lower lip

/f/ /v/

Dentals-sounds formed with the tip

behind the upper front teeth

/Ɵ/ or /th/ / /soft hard

Alveolar-sounds formed with the front part

of the tongue on the alveolar ridge

/t/ /s/ /d/ /z/ /n//l/ /r/

Alveo- Palatal-sounds produced with the tongue

and the hard palate

/sh/ /ch/ /zh/ /j/

Palatal : /y/

Velars-sounds produced with the soft

palate and back of the tongue

/k/ /g/ /ng/

Glottals-sounds produced without the

active use of the tongue and other parts of the mouth

/h/

Vowel sounds-produced with a relatively free flow of

air typically voiced

/a/ /e/ /i/ /o//u/

Diphthongs• ‘combined’ vowel sounds

Please click on the link below

http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/activities/phonemic-chart

References:

• Yule, G. ( 1996). The Study of Language. 2nd ed. Cambridge, United Kingdon: Cambridge University Press.

• http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/activities/phonemic-chart