ipgcl/ppcl( indraprastha power generation co. ltd. & pragati power generation)

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SUMMER INTERNSHIP REPORT SUBMITTED BY- RIMJHIM RAJ SINGH (13 IME 045)

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Page 1: IPGCL/PPCL( INDRAPRASTHA POWER GENERATION CO. LTD. & PRAGATI POWER GENERATION)

SUMMER INTERNSHIP REPORT

SUBMITTED BY- RIMJHIM RAJ SINGH (13 IME 045)

Page 2: IPGCL/PPCL( INDRAPRASTHA POWER GENERATION CO. LTD. & PRAGATI POWER GENERATION)

INDRAPRASTHA POWER GENERATION COMPANY LTD.

&

PRAGATI POWER

GENERATION

Page 3: IPGCL/PPCL( INDRAPRASTHA POWER GENERATION CO. LTD. & PRAGATI POWER GENERATION)

ABOUT THE COMPANY

ABOUT THE COMPANY INDRAPRASTHA POWER GENERATION COMPANY

LIMITED Generation of electricity in Delhi started with a 2MW diesel

set in 1903. After independence Raj Ghat Power House was installed in

1951 with 5MW capacity. In 1958 Delhi Electric supply undertaking (DESU) came in to existence and 2 unit of 9.65MW each were installed at Raj Ghat Power House

Then in Second 5 year plan,3 diesel generating set totaling 20MW were installed in different location at Delhi.

In 1963 1st unit of 36.6 MW was installed at Indraprastha power station a 15MW unit was installed at Raj Ghat.Delhi Electric Supply undertaking was restructured and Delhi vidyut Board was formed in1997.

Page 4: IPGCL/PPCL( INDRAPRASTHA POWER GENERATION CO. LTD. & PRAGATI POWER GENERATION)

ABOUT THE COMPANYINDRAPRASTHA POWER GENERATION COMPANY LIMITED

Indraprastha Power Generation Co. Ltd. came into existence on 1st July , 2002 .

The main function of IPGCL is generation of electricity with an installed capacity of 994.5MW capacity addition in pipeline. its main motive is to make Delhi self sufficient in power.

Power demand in the capital city is increasing with the growth of population as well as living standard and commercialization. to bridge a gap between demand and to give e reliable supply to the capital city, Delhi government has set up 330MW Pragati Power Project on fast track basis.

Page 5: IPGCL/PPCL( INDRAPRASTHA POWER GENERATION CO. LTD. & PRAGATI POWER GENERATION)

POWER STATIONS UNDER IPGCL TWO POWER

STATIONS ARE IN OERATION

1) RAJGHAT POWER HOUSE: It has installed capacity of 135MW. it has two units of 67.5MW each and both the units are performing well.

2) GAS TURBINE POWER STATION: it has installed capacity of 270MW. in total it has 6 gas turbines and 3 steam turbines. of 30MW each. but due to Gas restriction only 4 gas turbines along with 2 steam turbines are generally in operation.

Page 6: IPGCL/PPCL( INDRAPRASTHA POWER GENERATION CO. LTD. & PRAGATI POWER GENERATION)

POWER STATIONS

UNDER PPCL 1 POWER STATION IS IN OPERATION:

PRAGATI POWER STATION Installed capacity of PRAGATI POWER STATION is

330MW, It has two GAS TURBINES of 104MW each. And one STEAM TURBINE of 122MW . And treated sewage water is used as a source of generation of electricity. The gas turbine works on open cycle, where as steam turbine operates on combined cycle.

Page 7: IPGCL/PPCL( INDRAPRASTHA POWER GENERATION CO. LTD. & PRAGATI POWER GENERATION)

AT A GLANCE

Page 8: IPGCL/PPCL( INDRAPRASTHA POWER GENERATION CO. LTD. & PRAGATI POWER GENERATION)

PRAGATI POWER STATION PLANT OVERVIEW It is a combine cycle power

plant uses both steam and gas to generate power. These combine cycle plants produced higher energy

conversion efficiency than gas or steam alone plants. A gas turbine generator generates electricity and waste heat is used to make the steam to make additional electricity via steam turbine, the last step enhances the efficiency of electricity generator. Typically, combine cycle power plants utilizes heat from the gas turbine to generate steam. In combine cycle power plant ,the heat of the gas turbine exhaust is used to generate steam by passing it through heat recovery steam.

Page 9: IPGCL/PPCL( INDRAPRASTHA POWER GENERATION CO. LTD. & PRAGATI POWER GENERATION)

RESOURCES

1)FUEL - The primary fuel for the gas turbine is natural gas supplied by GAIL through HBJ pipeline. The gas is received at GAIL terminal installed in the vicinity of the power station. The caloric value of natural gas being received for power generation is in the band of 8200-8500 kilocalories. The secondary fuel for gas turbine is HSD/Naptha, which is to be used when no gas supply is available. RAW WATER - Raw water requirement is met through sewage treated water being drawn from sen nursing home and Delhi Gate Sewage Treatment Plant. The demineralized water requirement for steam generation is met up through sewage treated water by treating this through RODM (REVERSE OSMOSIS DE-MINERALISED ) process. The production of cooling water requirement for condenser and other equipment is also met through STW after processing through lime softening system . The plant effluent discharge is better than sewage water. Infact, cleaner water is being discharged to Yamuna river, making the project eco-friendly

Page 10: IPGCL/PPCL( INDRAPRASTHA POWER GENERATION CO. LTD. & PRAGATI POWER GENERATION)

TURBINES

The turbines used in the power generation are:

TWO GAS TURBINES: a turbine driven by expanding hot gases produced by burning fuel.

ONE STEAM TURBINE: a steam turbine is a mechanical device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam, and converts it into rotary motion.

Page 11: IPGCL/PPCL( INDRAPRASTHA POWER GENERATION CO. LTD. & PRAGATI POWER GENERATION)

STEAM TURBINES

working of steam turbine In its simplest form the RANKINE CYCLE works as follows:

The initial stage of working fluid is water, which at a certain temperature is pressurized by a pump and fed to the boiler, In the boiler the pressurized water is heated at constant pressure .Superheated steam is expanded in the turbine,which is coupled with generator. Modern steam power plants have steam temperature in the range of 500°C to 550°C at the inlet of the turbine.

Page 12: IPGCL/PPCL( INDRAPRASTHA POWER GENERATION CO. LTD. & PRAGATI POWER GENERATION)

OPERATION• Process 1-2: The working fluid is

pumped from low to high pressure. • Process 2-3: The high pressure liquid

enters a boiler where it is heated at constant pressure by an external heat source to become a dry saturated vapor.

• Process 3-3': The vapour is superheated.

• Process 3-4 and 3'-4': The dry saturated vapor expands through a turbine, generating power. This decreases the temperature and pressure of the vapor, and some condensation may occur.

• Process 4-1: The wet vapor then enters a condenser where it is condensed at a constant pressure to become a saturated liquid.

Page 13: IPGCL/PPCL( INDRAPRASTHA POWER GENERATION CO. LTD. & PRAGATI POWER GENERATION)

GAS TURBINE

The gas turbine is a common form of heat engine working with a series of processes consisting of compression of air taken from atmosphere, increase of working medium temperature by constant pressure ignition of fuel in combustion chamber, expansion of SI and IC engines in working medium and combustion.

Gas turbine plants operate on BRAYTON CYCLE in which air is compressed.This compressed air is heated in the combustor by burning fuel, where plant of compressed air is used for combustion and the flue gases produced are allowed to expand in the turbine , which is coupled with the generator. In modern gas turbines the temp. of the exhaust gases is in the range of 500 °C to 550 ° C

Page 14: IPGCL/PPCL( INDRAPRASTHA POWER GENERATION CO. LTD. & PRAGATI POWER GENERATION)

OPERATION

• The Brayton Cycle The ideal cycle that the working fluid undergoes in the closed loop is the Brayton cycle. It is made up of four internally reversible processes:

• 1-2 Isentropic compression;• 2-3 Constant-pressure heat

addition; • 3-4 Isentropic expansion; • 4-1 Constant-pressure heat

rejection.• The T-s and P-v diagrams of

an ideal Brayton cycle are shown.

Page 15: IPGCL/PPCL( INDRAPRASTHA POWER GENERATION CO. LTD. & PRAGATI POWER GENERATION)

COMBINING TWO CYCLES TO IMPROVE EFFICIENCY

We have seen in the above two cycles that exhaust is at temperature of 500-550 °C and in Rankine cycle heat is required to generate steam at the temperature of 500-550 °C. Therefore gas turbine exhaust heat can be recovered using a waste heat recovery boiler to run a steam turbine on Rankine cycle. If efficiency of gas turbine cycle (when natural gas is used as fuel) is 31% and the efficiency of Rankine cycle is 35%, then over all efficiency comes to 49%. Conventional fossil fuel fired boiler of the steam power plant is replaced with a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG). Exhaust gas from the gas turbine is led to the HRSG where heat in exhaust gas is utilized to produce steam at desired parameters as required by the steam turbine.

Page 16: IPGCL/PPCL( INDRAPRASTHA POWER GENERATION CO. LTD. & PRAGATI POWER GENERATION)

AUXILIARIES IN GAS TURBINES

A GAS TURBINE IS DIVIDED INTO FOUR COMPARTMENTS AS FOLLOWS:•1.ACCESSORY COMPARTMENT•2.TURBINE COMPARTMENT•3.LOAD GEAR COMPARTMENT•4.GENERATOR COMPARTMENT

Page 17: IPGCL/PPCL( INDRAPRASTHA POWER GENERATION CO. LTD. & PRAGATI POWER GENERATION)

ASCESSORY COMPARTMENT The accessory compartment is divide onto he basis of supporting Accessories :•1)STARTING MOTOR•2)ACCESSORY GEAR BOX•3)MAIN OIL PUMP•4)MAIN HYDRAULIC PUMP

•5)AUXILLARY HYDRAULIC PUMP•6)AUXILIARY OIL PUMP•7)EMERGENCY OIL PUMP•8)MAIN OIL TANK•9)LUBE OIL COOLER

•10) ATOMIZING AIR COMPRESSOR•11) ACCESSORY COUPLING

Page 18: IPGCL/PPCL( INDRAPRASTHA POWER GENERATION CO. LTD. & PRAGATI POWER GENERATION)

• STARTING MOTOR - Starting motor is 1.5MW electric motor. It takes a command to start. It rotates at 3000rpm, when the rpm reaches 1800 the motor stops and rotates due to inertia received from gases.

• ACCESSORY GEAR BOX - Accessory gearbox is connected to MAIN OIL PUMP , MAIN HYDRAULIC PUMP , ATOMIZING AIR COMPRESSOR.

• Starting motor rotates due to which gear train rotates.

• MAIN OIL PUMP - Main oil pump supply oil for film formation for bearing. (journal bearing)

• And the oil grade used is SERVO PRIME 32 supplied from IOCL.

• AUXILIARY OIL PUMP - When the turbine initially starts below 1800rpm, the rotor rotates for which we need oil film, so in order to supply oil we have installed auxiliary oil pump. As soon as the Turbine starts auxiliary pump comes in action so that bearing is not damaged. It is AC driven.

Page 19: IPGCL/PPCL( INDRAPRASTHA POWER GENERATION CO. LTD. & PRAGATI POWER GENERATION)

• EMERGENCY OIL PUMP - If auxiliary oil pump is having problem like tripping then we use emergency oil pump,which is DC driven.(run by battery)but we cant use emergency oil [pump when the machine is running. When can only use it when it is stopped.

• MIST ELIMINATOR - It is used to create vacuum, so that oil is automatically transferred.

• MAIN HYDRAULIC PUMP - Is supply oil to the IGV (inlet guide vanes) and to the valves, it contains pressure of about 110kg. It is a gear driven pump. And pressure is developed according to the speed of gear.

• AUXILIARY OIL PUMP - When main oil pump is not working then Auxiliary oil pump is under operation it generates pressure of about 115kg. And is AC driven

• MAIN OIL TANK - Main oil pump is placed in the ground or base of a plant. Oil is stored in barrels, there are total 60 barrels in which oil is stored.

Page 20: IPGCL/PPCL( INDRAPRASTHA POWER GENERATION CO. LTD. & PRAGATI POWER GENERATION)

• LUBE OIL COOLER - When film is formed oil gets heated ,in order to cool the oil we have installed lube oil cooler, which cools the oil. Eg., tube and shell type cooler it consist of number of tubes, oil is stored in shell and water is stored in tubes heat is exchanged oil is cooled and water gets heated up.

• ATOMIZING AIR COMPRESSOR - It is connected to accessory gearbox and provides compressed cool air.

• ACCESSORY COUPLING - Is is a coupling between starting motor and turbine.

Page 21: IPGCL/PPCL( INDRAPRASTHA POWER GENERATION CO. LTD. & PRAGATI POWER GENERATION)

•TURBINE COMPARTMENT•The turbine compartment consist of :•TURBINE

•COMBUSTION CHAMBER•17 STAGE AXIAL FLOW COMPRESSOR•FUEL NOZZLE- PRIMARY AND SECONDARY

GENERATOR COMARTMENT CONSIST OF GENERATOR WHICH IS COUPLED WITH THE TURBINE.

Page 22: IPGCL/PPCL( INDRAPRASTHA POWER GENERATION CO. LTD. & PRAGATI POWER GENERATION)

WATER TREATMENT PLANT

• The steam coming out of the turbine is condensed and the condensate is feedback to the boiler as feed water. Some water may be lost due to blow down, leakage etc and to make up these losses additional water called makeup water , is required to be fed to the boiler. The source of feed water contain impurities that could lead to scale formation. The water is passed through alum- dosed clarifier which bonds impurities and thus removed.

• Chlorine water removes the algae and bacteria’s from water. These process takes place in clarifier from where water is sent to DM palnt (De-mineralized plant)

Page 23: IPGCL/PPCL( INDRAPRASTHA POWER GENERATION CO. LTD. & PRAGATI POWER GENERATION)

COOLING TOWER

Page 24: IPGCL/PPCL( INDRAPRASTHA POWER GENERATION CO. LTD. & PRAGATI POWER GENERATION)

COOLING TOWER

Cooling towers are heat removal devices used to transfer process waste heat to the atmosphere. Cooling towers may either use the evaporation of water to remove process heat and cool the working fluid.

The towers vary in size from small roof-top units to very large hyperboloid structures and can be up to 200 metres tall and 100 metres in diameter, or rectangular structures that can be over 40 metres tall and 80 metres long. Smaller towers are normally factory-built, while larger ones are constructed on site.

Page 25: IPGCL/PPCL( INDRAPRASTHA POWER GENERATION CO. LTD. & PRAGATI POWER GENERATION)