IPM of tomato and paprika on open field production

WHAT IS IPM

• Integrated pest management (IPM) is an approach to controlling pest which emphasizes minimizing crop loss by all means at the growers disposal including the use of resistant and tolerant varieties, cultural methods, biological control, insect growth regulators and pheromones, genetic methods, and judicious application of chemicals (Davis et al. 1998, Pernezni et al. 1996)

WHAT IS THE GOAL OF IPM

• The ultimate goal of IPM is to insure sustainable production of abundant high quality food using environmentally and economically sound methods (Davis et al. 1998)

PREPLANTING ACTIVITIES

• Select field considering soil, microclimate, cropping and pest history and surrounding crops

• Take a preplant soil sample for nutrient and salinity analysis and for pest presence

• Select tomato or paprika variety considering pest danger

• Soil preparation: plowing, field leveling, soil sterilization, preparation for irrigation

• Monitor seedling production

PLANTING ACTIVITIES

• Before planting inspect young plants for presence of pests (diseases, insects, weeds)

• Apply fertilizers and root shields at planting

• Check surrounding area for pest presence

AFTER PLANTING ACTIVITIES

START MONITORING

DAMPING-OF

• CULTURAL MESURES– Proper seedbed

preparation– Use healthy seed– Good water

management– Proper field preparation

DAMPING-OF

• NATURAL ENEMIES – Trichoderma

harsianum– T. viride– Pseudomonas

fluorescens A506

• PESTICIDES– Benomil– Propamocarb

FUSARIUM WILT

• CULTURAL MESURES– Use resistant varieties – Clean equipment to

reduce transfer – Drip irrigation – Keep records for next

year management practice

FUSARIUM WILT

• NATURAL ENEMIES – Trichoderma

harsianum– T. viride– Pseudomonas

fluorescens A506

• PESTICIDES– Benomil

VERTICILLIUM WILT

• CULTURAL MESURES– Use resistant varieties – Clean equipment to

reduce transfer – Drip irrigation – Remove infected plants– Keep records for next

year management practice

– Soil solarization

VERTICILLIUM WILT

• NATURAL ENEMIES – Trichoderma

harsianum– T. viride– Pseudomonas

fluorescens A506

EARLY BLIGHT

• CULTURAL MESURES– Use of healthy seedling

material – Seedbed disinfection – Use of crop rotation – Remove infected plants– Keep records for next

year management practice

EARLY BLIGHT

• PESTICIDES– copper fungicides – mankozeb – diphenkonazol – metiram

LATE BLIGHT

LATE BLIGHT

• CULTURAL MESURES– Use of healthy seedling

material – Use of crop rotation – Use drip irrigation– Keep records for next

year management practice

• PESTICIDES– copper fungicides – mankozeb – metalaksil – metiram– dimethomorph +

mankozeb– benalaksil + mankozeb– oksadiksil + mankozeb

TOMATO SPOTTED WILT VIRUS

TOMATO SPOTTED WILT VIRUS

• CULTURAL MESURES– Remove infected plants– Use reflective mulches – Use of crop rotation – Weed management– Insect (thrips) control– Use of virus-free

seedling material

CUTWORMS

• CULTURAL MESURES– Manage weeds on

previous crop– Make check before

planting– Good weed management

during production

CUTWORMS

• NATURAL ENEMIES – Calosoma sp.– Cicindela

• PESTICIDES– Chlorpirifos– Chlorpirifos-metil– Methiocarb– Insecticide bait

WHITEFLIES

• CULTURAL MESURES– Clean planting material– Yellow sticky trap

WHITEFLIES

• NATURAL ENEMIES– Encarsia formosa– Eretmocerus eremicus– E. mundus– Macrolophus

caliginosus– Delphastus catalinae– Amblyseius swirskii– Verticillium lecanii

• PESTICIDES– Alpha-cipermetrin– Beta-ciflutrin– Bifentrin – Buprofezin– Oksamil– Triazamat– Pymetrozin– Imidacloprid– Spinosad

APHIDS

• CULTURAL MESURES– Clean planting material– Yellow sticky trap

APHIDS

• NATURAL ENEMIES– Aphidoletes aphidimyza– Adalia bipunctata– Chrisoperla carnea– Episyrphus balteatus– Aphidius colemani– A. ervi– Aphelinus abdominalis– Verticilium lecanii

• PESTICIDES– Alfa-cipermetrin– Acetamiprid– Dimethoate– Metomil– Oksamil– Thiacloprid– Pymetrozin– Chlorpirifos– Imidacloprid

BEET ARMYWORM

• CULTURAL MESURES– Pheromone traps– Light traps– Scouting for eggs

BEET ARMYWORM

• NATURAL ENEMIES– Trichogramma

brassicae– Eulophus sp.– Cotesia plutellae– Macrolophu

caliginosus– Nesidiocoris tenuis– Bacillus thurigiensis

• PESTICIDES– Alfa-cipermetrin– Lambda-cihalotrin– Novaluron– Diflubenzuron– Methomil– Lufenuron

TOMATO FRUITWORM

• CULTURAL MESURES– Pheromone traps– Light traps– Scouting for eggs

TOMATO FRUITWORM

• NATURAL ENEMIES– Trichogramma

brassicae– Eulophus sp.– Cotesia plutellae– Macrolophu

caliginosus– Nesidiocoris tenuis– Bacillus thurigiensis

• PESTICIDES– Alfa-cipermetrin– Lambda-cihalotrin– Novaluron– Diflubenzuron– Methomil– Lufenuron