IPMnet NEWS

May 2005, Issue no. 137ISSN: 1523-7893 © Copyright 2005

IPM NEWS --- international IPM news and programsPesticidal Runoff Answer Proposed

A team-developed, area wide IPM program aimed at reducing both a complex of fruit flies andthe intensive application of organophosphate insecticides, has been adopted during a half-decadeof operation and successful implementation by over 300 large and small farms across the islandsin the U.S. State of Hawaii.

The result has been a striking 95 percent reduction of fruit fly infestation with a concurrent 75-90percent decrease in "hard" insecticide use, according to a recent U.S. Agric. Research Servicenews release.

The Hawaii Area wide Fruit Fly Integrated Pest Management Program, (HAW-FLYPM,)www.fruitfly.hawaii.edu combines population monitoring with a series of suppression tacticsincluding: field sanitation; male fly annihilation; environmentally safer protein bait/toxicantsprays; and biocontrol through release of sterile, male-only flies.

In 2004, HAW-FLYPM received several honors and prestigious awards for achievement andsuccessful team effort involving academe and industry. With the program successfullyestablished, its long-term management is now shifting from researchers to the growersthemselves. excerpted, with thanks, from an ARS news release and from the HAW-FLYPMwebsite. Fruit Fly IPM Program Earns Kudos

The problem of pesticide runoff affecting the domestic water supply of at least 20 millionCalifornia residents can be substantially abated, if not solved, according to a recent report:encourage growers to reduce pesticide use through a mechanism of financial rewards andvoluntary programs that avoid stringent regulations.

The approach, says economist/engineer G.H. Wolff of the Pacific Institute, author of the report"Investing in Clean Agriculture: How California can Strengthen Agriculture, Reduce Pollutionand Save Money," pacinst.org has yielded results in other countries. The proposed scheme is saidto not only benefit the greater public, but reward growers as well.

Specifically, Dr. Wolff proposes that the state raise its current tax on pesticides from 2.1 percentof wholesale value to 10 percent for just three years. Funds generated by the temporary increasewould be used to support voluntary educational programs for growers as how to reduce thevolume of, or eliminate, pesticidal runoff. Growers who chose to enroll in the program couldreceive rebates that would more than compensate for the 7.9 percent tax increase they paid.

"Business as usual isn't working for our state," Wolff said. "Our plan will reduce pesticide use,protect public health, preserve the environment, and help California's farmers stay competitive ina rapidly changing economy. We think this will be a win for consumers, a win for taxpayers, anda win for agriculture," he asserted.

*> G.H. Wolf, Pacific Institute, 654 13th St., Preservation Park, Oakland, CA 94612, USA.pistaff@pacinst.org 1.Fax: 1-510-251-2203. Phone: 1-510-251-1600. thanks to A. Rother forinformation. GLOBAL IPM SNAPSHOTS

Soybeans planted in widely spaced rows were found to require earlier weed management thanthose planted in narrower row spacing. *-> S.Z. Knezevic, SKnezevic2@unl.edu. ¡@ Trials overseveral years proved that growing wheat resistant to Mycosphaerella graminicola was theoptimum management strategy in Ireland. *-> P.C. Mercer, Peter.Mercer@dardni.gov.uk. ¡@Inoculating container plant roots with Metarhizium anisopliae delivered entomopathogenic fungiand reduced application costs compared to other methods. *-> D.J. Bruck, Bruck@onid.orst.edu.¡@ Greenhouse studies showed that neem (seed extract) controlled two important pest insects ofcoffee in Brazil, but was not lethal to a predatory mite. *-> M. Venzon, Venzon@epamig.ufv.br.back to top

IPM MEDLEY --- publications and other IPM information resourcesPUBLICATIONS PERUSED

IPM IN THE GLOBAL CONTEXT

The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) has nurtured a portfolio ofcollaborative research support programs (CRSPs) to stimulate cooperate research on a range oftopics in developing regions. Initiated in 1993, the IPM CRSP was "conceptualized by USAID toaddress health, environment, and economic issues globally through IPM interventions," notesS.K. De Datta, principal investigator of the IPM CRSP, in his forward to the 2005 publication,GLOBALIZING INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT, A PARTICIPATORY RESEARCHPROCESS, which chronicles more than a decade of activity by the IPM CRSP. Editors G.W.Norton, et al, plus a phalanx of international contributing authors, lay out the need to globalizeIPM and the importance of employing a participatory process, and then describe a number ofstrategic "IPM packages" that have resulted in Asia, Africa, Latin America, the Caribbean, andeastern Europe. The 362-page work includes 16 color and many other black/white photos andfigures. Said to be unique among IPM books, the hard-bound volume "stresses policy analysis,social and economic impact assessment, multidisciplinary field research, and technologytransfer," accord to the publisher. Dr. De Datta believes that the publication "should serve as animportant resource for all IPM practitioners as well as for domestic and international

development agencies." *> Blackwell Publishing, 2121 State Ave., Ames, IA 50014-8300, USA.Fax: 1-515-292-3348. Ashley.Mullen@blackwellprofessional.com. Web: store.blackwell .

EQUATING IPM WITH DETOX

J. Pretty, professor of environment and society in the UK, has edited contributions from a notablelist of international authors all arguing the merits of sharp global pesticide reduction, if not totalelimination. The resulting 2005 publication, THE PESTICIDE DETOX, "describes the problemsassociated with pesticide use and highlights a range of initiatives that provide viable alternatives,with special attention given to integrated pest management (IPM)," Prof. Pretty observes in thesoftbound volume's preface. In fact, IPM pops up repeatedly throughout this 318-pagemonograph, from definition to application, but viewed through lenses of authors with varyingslants and personal viewpoints on the "if, when, and how" elements. Much of the ground coveredhas been well trod-over and some of the terminology iresome ("hazardous pesticides;" whatabout water, also hazardous in certain quantities; whatever happened to the "dose makes thepoison"?). The underlying, well taken theme that an IPM approach can lead to reduced relianceon pesticides has to compete with less constructive ideologies, and even the title of this usefulbook seems geared more for sales than sober fact. *> Earthscan, 8-12 Camden High St., LondonNW1 0JH, UK. Fax: 44-020-7387-8998. Phone: 44-020-7387-8558.earthinfo@earthscan.co.uk.Web: www.earthscan.co.uk. WEB, PUBLICATION, CD, AND VIDEO NOTES

SLOWING GLYPHOSATE RESISTANCE

A collaborative effort spearheaded by the National Glyphosate Sustainability Working Group (inAustralia) offers two free, high impact, single web pages aimed at slowing the development ofweed resistance to glyphosate-based herbicides. The first page, a guide to minimizing the risk ofglyphosate resistance titled, "Keeping Glyphosate Resistance Rare in Australian Cropping,"offers suggestions for tipping the balance in favor of avoiding, or at least minimizing, glyphosateresistance in widely dispersed weed, Lolium perenne (annual ryegrass) www.weeds.crc.org.au.(Ed.'s note: "glyphoste" intentionally misspelled as on web site). The page lists risk-decreasingproduction practices as well as those to be shunned as risk-increasing. The second page, "What todo if You Suspect Glyphosate Resistance," advises growers to follow various steps and, if afterreviewing the situation, resistance is still suspected, provides regional specialists to contact. Thispage is at: www.weeds.crc.org.au .

DISEASE IMPACTS COCONUT

A 2004 visual report on "Lethal Yellowing Disease of Coconut in Ghana, seen through the eyesof a researcher," (R. Bourdeix with N. Pons), can be found at www.cirad.fr Some dozen fullcolor photos reveal the devastation being caused in plantation coconut (the disease can kill ahealthy coconut palm tree in six months) as well as the breeding work ongoing to establishdisease-resistant lines.

PAN-UK REPORTS ON 2004 WORK

One of the world's more active watchdog organizations concerning use of pesticides is PesticideAction Network-UK (PAN-UK), a British charity operating under the banner of "an independentbody working to eliminate the hazards of pesticides," and an active player in a global web of likeminded groups. Summarizing last year's activities, PAN-UK has published REVIEW 2004, anattractive 16-page, softbound report explaining background rationale and progress of the group'svarious projects and programs in the UK, Europe, and internationally in tandem withcollaborating network units. *> PAN-UK, 56-64 Leonard St., London EC2A 4JX, UK. Fax:44-020-7065-0907. admin@pan-uk.org. Phone: 44-020-7065-0905. Web: www.pan

GLOBAL DIRECTORY CHANGES HANDS

The CROP PROTECTION DIRECTORY, a long-running "who's who" in international cropprotection, has a new owner. London, UK-based AIS (Agricultural Information Services)announced in April that it had purchased the Directory and, in addition to producing thetraditional hard copy version, had launched an on-line version. A free trial of the new onlinedirectory can be accessed from the AIS website at: www.aisglobal.net The Directory was firstpublished in 1988 by founder and well-known agricultural journalist E. Warrell. An internationaledition arrived later. New owner AIS specializes in providing information and consultation toindustries supplying inputs to agriculture and non-crop pest control. *> R. Parker, AIS, 9Bovingdon Rd., London SW62AP, UK. Fax: 44-20-7371-9072. RodParker@aisglobal.net.Phone: 44-20-7371-8913. PROFESSIONAL OPPORTUNITIES

WOODY PLANT HEALTH CARE MANAGER,

Connecticut, USA. * Deliver progressive, ecologically-enlightened plant health care programs toclients. * REQUIRES: BS in a related discipline; background in arboriculture, entomology, orrelated areas; woody plantidentification skills; excellent communication ability; broad knowledgeof plant protection. * Contact: K. Price, Green Cross, Inc., 94 Taylor Ave., Norwalk, CT 06854,USA. hortjobs@greenx.com.Fax: 1-203-299-0192. Phone: 1-203-838-2505.Web:www.greenx.com. EQUIPMENT, MATERIALS, & SERVICES

LURE WITH LESS ALLURE

Commercially offered three- and four-component Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)pheromone lures, while effective for the targeted pest insect, were found to also have highnontarget arthropod capture rates, thereby complicating critical S. frugiperda monitoring effortsin some high incidence regions. The solution that evolved is a new two-component devicedeveloped in collaboration with industry and known as the "FAW-PSU Lure" that, whilecapturing fewer S. frugiperda than triple and quad pheromone lures, has a much greaterspecificity, a distinct advantage for conducting accurate monitoring. The new lure is nowavailable commercially. *> Scentry Biologicals, Inc., 610 Central Ave., Billings, MT 59102,USA. Fax: 1-406-245-2790. Phone; 1-406-245-3016. scentry@imt.net. Web: www.scentry.com.thanks to E.G.Rajotte for information. NOTABLE & QUOTABLE

"IN THE PAST, cotton growers have rejected IPM after they were told that their traditional

approach was 'wrong' and the gulf between their practices and an IPM approach appeared to beinsurmountable. A more constructive and effective approach in Australia has been to point outIPM practices that are already widespread at the grower level (such as scouting crops andspraying on thresholds) and then provide practical tools that allow growers and consultants tomake the next step forward." J. Holloway, in: "Integrated Pest Management in Conventional andTransgenic Cotton," 2005. "MOST IMPORTANTLY, our experience shows that IPM is good forour economy as well as our environment. Pesticide users who employ IPM save the time andexpense associated with the use of highly-toxic, highly-regulated pesticides. It's a win-winsituation for business, workers and the public, and for our air and water." M.A. Warmerdam,Director, California Dept. of Pesticide Regulation in a January 2005 press release. "WEEDSCOST the economy 10 to 20 times more than salinity, affect biodiversity, and have a detrimentalimpact on the environment." S. Lisle, Noxious Weeds Coordinator Dept. of Primary Industries,Wellington, AUSTRALIAback to top

IPM RESEARCH/TECHNICAL PAPERS --- categories and topics related to IPMTHIS MONTH'S SELECTED TITLES

Phytopathology "Biological Control of Blossom Blight of Alfalfa Caused by Boytrytis cinereaUnder Environmentally Controlled Field Conditions," Li, G.Q., et al. * PLANT DIS., 88(11),1246-1251, November 2004.

"Field Reaction to Sclerotinia Blight among Transgenic Peanut Lines Containing AntifungalGenes," Chenault, K.D., et al. * CROP SCI., 45(2), 511-515, March-April 2005.

Weed Science

"A Comparative Ecological Risk Assessment for Herbicides Used on Spring Wheat: The Effectof Glyphosate when Used within a Glyphosate-Tolerant Wheat System," Peterson, R.K.D., andA.G.Hulting. * WEED SCI., 52(5), 834-844, September 2004.

"Weed Control in Sugar Beet Using Genetically Modified Herbicide tolerant VarietiesA Reviewof the Economics for Cultivation in Europe," Marlander, B. * JRNL. OF AGRON. AND CROPSCI., 191(1), 64-74, February 2005.

Entomology

"Anthropogenic Changes in Tropospheric Composition Increase Susceptibility of Soybean toInsect Herbivory," Hamilton, J.G., et al. * ENVIRON. ENTOM., 34(2), 479-485, April 2005.

"Integrated Pest Management in Conventional and Transgenic Cotton," Holloway, J. * PFLANZ.NACH. BAYER, 58(1), 105-118, 2005.

"Prospects for Biological Control of Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera, Aleyrodidae) in GreenhouseTomatoes of Southern Spain," Stansly, P.A., et al. * CROP PROT., 23(8), 701-712, August 2004.

Bt Sub-section "Effects of Plants Genetically Modified for Insect Resistance on NontargetOrganisms," O'Callaghan, M., et al. * ANN. REV. OF ENTOM., 50, 271-292, 2005.

"Sources, Sinks, and the Zone of Influence of Refuges for Managing Insect Resistance of BtCrops," Carriere, Y., et al. * ECOLOG. APPLIC., 14(6), 1615-1623, December 2004.

Vertebrate Management

"Effects of Female Scents on the Trappability of Northern Pocket Gophers Thomomystalpoides)," Proulx, G. * CROP PROT., 23(11), 1055-1060, November 2004.

General

"Effects of Straw Mulch on Pest Insects, Predators, and Weeds in Watermelons and Potatoes,"Johnson, J.M., et al. * ENVIRON. ENTOM., 33(6), 1632-1643, December 2004.

"Influences of Preceding Cover Crops on Slug Damage and Biological Control UsingPhasmarhabditis hermaphrodita," Vernava, M.N., et al. * ANNS. OF APPLD. BIOL., 145(3),279-284, December 2004.back to top

U.S. REGIONAL IPM CENTERS AND THE IPM-CRSP --- news, developmentsA Bad Mix: Pesticides for Different Uses

Every major soybean producing region in the world is infected with Phakospora pachyrhizi(Asian soybean rust), most recently portions of the U.S. in 2004 with more of the countryexpecting the fungus to arrive in 2005. Fungicides are the only effect means of control currently.In an effort to reduce across-field passes, especially in light of ever-increasing fuel costs, growersmay be tempted to combine fungicides with other pesticides in a single-pass application.

Bad idea say the experts, particularly a herbicide-fungicide mix. Timing is the first problem;usually the time to apply a rust-inhibiting fungicide is later in the growing cycle than theoptimum time for herbicide application. Second, the nature of the two products and how they arebest applied is quite different. Fungicides are typically sprayed at high pressures to produce aspectrum of smaller size droplets to achieve canopy penetration and leaf coverage. Herbicides, onthe other hand, require low pressure and larger droplets, are applied at very low carrier volumes,and require precautions to guard against drift. There are other incompatibilities as well.

Plant pathologist G.E. Shaner and weed scientist colleagues G. Nice and W. Johnson, in theirrecent weed science extension paper, "Fungicides, Herbicides and Soybean Rust, Do they Mix?"on line at: www.btny.purdue.edu observe that, while saving sprayer trips across fields holdsappeal, jeopardizing the efficacy of the product applied can easily generate costs that outweighany savings gained.

Dr. Shaner observed that if spraying apparatus is properly equipped and adjusted to effectively

apply a herbicide, it will be ineffective in applying a fungicide, and vice-versa.

The publication presents important label data to further support the advice to forego mixingherbicides and fungicides. *> G.E. Shaner, Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue Univ., WestLafayette, IN, 47907, USA. ShanerG@purdue.edu . Phone: 1-765-494-4651. excerpted, withthanks, from a Purdue Extension Weed Science publication, and from a Purdue/Ohio StateExtension document, "Fungicides don't Always do Well in 'Mixed' Company."back to top

U.S. AID's IPM-Collaborative Research Support Program (IPM CRSP)

back to top

IPMNET CALENDAR --- recent additions and revisions to a comprehensive global(N)ew or [R]evised Entries (only)

2005 (N) 27-29 July * 32ND CONGRESO NACIONAL, SOCIEDAD COLOMBIANA DEENTOMOLOGIA (SOCOLEN), Ibague, COLOMBIA. Contact: A.E. Bustillo, Cenicafe-FNC,Km. 4, Via Antigua a Manizales, Manizales, Caldas, COLOMBIA. Fax: 57-685-04723. Phone:57-685-06550, ext. 331. AlexE.Bustillo@cafedecolombia.com. Web: www.socolen.org.co (N)09-11 August * 2005 NEW ZEALAND PLANT PROTECTION CONFERENCE, Wellington,NEW ZEALAND. * Contact: S. Reid, NZ Plant Prot. Soc., PO Box 11 094, Hastings, NEWZEALAND. secretary@nzpps.org.

(N) 14-19 August * 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE ORTHOPTERISTS'SOCIETY, Canmore, AL, CANADA. Contact: D. Johnson, Univ. of Lethbridge, 4401 Univ. Dr.,Lethbridge, AL T1K 3M4, CANADA. Fax: 1-403-329-5159. Phone: 1-403-329-2111.Dan.Johnson@uleth.ca. Web: people.uleth.ca (N) 17-18 August * 2ND WEED SOCIETY OFVICTORIA BIENNIAL WEED CONTROL CONFERENCE, Bendigo, VIC, AUSTRALIA.Contact: R. Shepherd, WSV, PO Box 987, Frankston, VIC 3199, AUSTRALIA.secwssv@surf.net.au. Fax/phone: 61-03-9576-2949. Web: home.vicnet.net.au (N) 05-09September * 9TH EUROPEAN WORKSHOP ON INSECT PARASITOIDS, Cardiff, UK.Contact: J.S. Noyes, Nat. Hist. Museum, Cromwell Rd., S. Kensington, London SW7 5BD, UK.JSN@nhm.ac.uk Phone: 44-207-942-5594.

(N) 11-15 September * 8TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THYSANOPTERA ANDTOSPOVIRUSES, Pacific Grove, CA, USA. Contact: B.K. Wing, Dept. of Entomology, 367Briggs Hall, Univ. of California, Davis, CA 95616-8584, USA. BKWing@ucdavis.edu. Fax:1-530-752-1537. Phone: 1-530-752-0492. Web: www.istt2005.net. (N) 13-16 September *INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE: LEARNING FROM THE EC REDUCING IMPACT OFMYCOTOXINS IN TROPICAL AGRICULTURE, Accra, GHANA. Contact: R.Bandyopadhyay, IITA, c/o L.W. Lambourn, Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Rd., Croydon CR93EE, UK. R.Bandyopadhyay@cgiar.org. Fax: 234-2-241-2221. Phone: 234-2-241-2626, ext.2844. Web: www.iita.org (N) 26-29 September * 13TH ANNUAL NORTH AMERICANWEED MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION CONFERENCE, Manhattan, KS, USA. Contact: M.

Friesen, phone: 1-620-873-8730. MJFriesen@sbcglobal.net.

(N) 23-26 October * 1ST INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OFBACTERIAL PLANT DISEASES, Darmstadt, GERMANY. Contact: BBA, Inst. for Biocontrol,Heinrichstr. 243, 64287 Darmstadt, GERMANY. symposium2005@bba.de. Phone:49-6151-407-242. Fax: 49-6151-407-290. Web: www.bba.de

(N) 03-06 January * 60TH ANNUAL MEETING, NORTHEAST WEED SCIENCE SOCIETY,Providence, RI, USA. Joint with 7TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE NORTHEAST AQUATICPLANT MANAGEMENT SOCIETY. Contact: T. Dutt, TEDutt@ptd.net, phone:1-610-285-2006.

(N) 03-06 July * 1ST INTERNATIONAL ASCOCHYTA WORKSHOP ON GRAINLEGUMES, Le Tronchet, Brittany, FRANCE. Contact: Exec. Secretariat, Euro. Assn. for GrainLegume Rsch., 12 ave. George V, 75008 Paris, FRANCE. Fax: 33-1-4723-5872. Phone:33-1-4069-4909. aep@prolea.com. Web: www.grainlegumes.com * 2010

No (N)ew or [R]evised listings to report for these years.