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IPNI Overview
Better Crops, Better Environment … through Science
April 2011
Rob Norton,
Regional Director, Australia and New Zealand
Establishment and Foundation
• Potash Institute and then Potash and Phosphate Institute (PPI) trace back to 1930’s in Canada.
• IPNI officially began operations January 1, 2007.
– Inclusion of N producers
– Potash & Phosphate Institute (PPI) ceased to exist.
– PPI’s Board committed its scientific staff to IPNI.
• Not-for-profit international decentralized NGO.
• Supported by leading fertilizer manufacturers.
• Australia & New Zealand program began October, 2009.
Scientific Staff
IPNI is supported by leading fertilizer manufacturers and industry associations
Why do Farmers Use Nutrients?
… Return on Investment
What do food and fertilizer
have in common?
How much crop yield is attributable
to fertilization?
• Based on long-term studies that integrate the effects of year, climate, pest and disease stress, etc. …
• 40 to 60% of crop yield in the US is due to commercial fertilizer.
• P is second only to N in relative importance as a fertilizer nutrient.
Norman Borlaug – Nobel Peace Prize
Nutrients … a matter of balance
Removal Replacement
Not a new topic!
Nutrient Imbalances – a big part of the challenge in an open system
Vitousek et al., 2009, Science
BMPs related to nutrients …
• Fertilizer best management practices, integrated plant nutrient management, integrated soil fertility management, code of best agricultural practices, site-specific nutrient management, etc.
• Goal — ensure plant nutrients are use efficiently and effectively in ways that are beneficial to society without adversely impacting our environment
ECONOMIC
SOCIALECOLOGICAL
Global Framework For FertilizerBMPs
Cropping System
Sustainability
Biophysical & Social
Environment
Profitability
Productivity
4R Nutrient Stewardship
• The 4Rs are the foundation and guiding principles of nutrient BMPs (Roberts 2007)
• Right Product@Right Rate,
Right Time, Right Place™ system
• 4 R’s approach as a summary
• Evaluate impact of the BMP on Productivity, Profitability, Sustainability & Environment
– Mechanism – basic research
– Validation – applied research
– Recognition of risks
– Performance indicators
– Dynamic feedback from the practical level
http://www.ipni.net/4r
1. Supply in plant available forms
2. Suit soil properties
3. Recognize synergisms among
elements
4. Blend compatibility
1. Appropriately assess soil
nutrient supply
2. Assess all available
indigenous nutrient sources
3. Assess plant demand
4. Predict fertilizer use efficiency
1. Assess timing of crop uptake
2. Assess dynamics of soil nutrient
supply
3. Recognize timing of weather
factors
4. Evaluate logistics of operations
1. Recognize root-soil dynamics
2. Manage spatial variability
3. Fit needs of tillage system
4. Limit potential off-field
transport
The basic scientific principles of managing crop nutrients are universal
ECONOMIC
Net profit
Resource use Energyefficiencies: Labor
NutrientWater
Adoption
Return on investment
SOCIAL
Yield stability
Soil productivity
Water & air quality
Farm income
Working conditions
ECOLOGICAL
Nutrient balance
Nutrient loss
Yield
Quality
Soil erosion
Biodiversity
Ecosystem services
Productivity
Profitability
Cropping System
Sustainability
Biophysical & Social
Environment
Global Framework For FertilizerBMPs
Source
Time
Place
Rate
Importance of nutrient stewardship
• Manage or be managed
• Regulations on nutrient management
– Reef Regulations on sugar industry in the wet tropics
– Use of soluble P fertilizers on the Swan coastal plain.
– Fertilizer management in the Mississippi Basin
– Regulations on N use on particular dairy pastures in New Zealand.
• Industry BMP’s aim to describe, educate and then benchmark nutrient management.