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Iptim DocumentationRelease 0.8

Iptim

August 16, 2013

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CONTENTS

1 Introduo ao Iptim 1

1.1 Viso geral deste tutorial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 Instalao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3 Log in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.4 Suporte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

2 Project basics 5

2.1 Project browser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.2 Project structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.3 Project - Importing data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

3 Data 15

3.1 Data basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153.2 Project - Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153.3 Project - Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163.4 Project - Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

4 Modeling 21

4.1 Modeling growth & yield . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214.2 Modeling regimes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224.3 Timber prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

5 Planning 27

5.1 Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275.2 Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

6 Reporting 33

6.1 Creating new reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336.2 Calculating reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

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CHAPTER

ONE

INTRODUO AO IPTIM

Iptim (Planejamento integrado para gesto florestal) uma ferramenta de gesto e planejamento florestal que forneceferramentas que auxiliam desde o valuation de uma propriedade at gesto ttica e estratgica do portflio existente.O Iptim a ferramenta ideal para o uso sustentvel dos recursos florestais.

Iptim contm mdulos para:

Inventrio de talhes e parcelas, incluindo mapa;

O volume de fuste, modelagem de crescimento e produo com base em dados de inventrio;

Prognose de crescimento e modelagem de regimes e operaes silviculturais;

Anlise financeira: otimizao de indicadores financeiros (VPL, FCD, TIR), anlise de sensibilidade;

Gerao de relatrios customizados com resultados da fase de planejamento

Entrega:

Iptim um aplicativo SaaS, software como servio

Iptim uma aplicao desktop que podem ser facilmente baixados da internet pelo usurio e pode ser utilizadoimediatamente.

1.1 Viso geral deste tutorial

O objetivo deste tutorial o de percorrer as vrias funcionalidades do Iptim e familiariz-lo com a lgica do aplica-tivo. O tutorial um paso a paso pelo Iptim, comeando do zero. Voc deve prosseguir com este tutorial na ordempredeterminada e evitar pular qualquer passo.

Antes de comear o tutorial, localize o arquivo ** sampleplots.xls ** que foi fornecido junto com este tutorial. Ele um arquivo excel, contendo um conjunto de dados simples que consiste em talhes, parcelas e rvores de amostragem.Vamos usar este conjunto de dados ao longo do tutorial.

1.2 Instalao

Para instalar o Iptim, clique duas vezes em Iptim.air. necessrio ter o Adobe Air 3 Runtime instalado. Recomenda-seque a ltima verso do Adobe Air 3 Runtime esteja instalada antes de instalar o Iptim.

O Adobe Air 3 Runtime pode ser baixado aqui http://get.adobe.com/air/

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http://get.adobe.com/air/http://get.adobe.com/air/

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Iptim Documentation, Release 0.8

1.3 Log in

Quando o Iptim for iniciado, voc ver a tela inicial. Antes que voc possa comear a utilizar o Iptim voc precisa selogar utilizando o boto entrar localizado no canto superior direito da tela inicial.

Figure 1.1: O Iptim

Quando o boto for clicando, uma caixa de dilogo ir aparecer. Insira seu nome de usurio e senha em seus respectivos

campos para entrar.Depois de entrar, voc ser capaz de acessar todas as sesses em Iptim de acordo com suas permisses de usurio.Voc pode simplesmente clicar no nome de uma sesso para navegar entre elas.

1.4 Suporte

Iptim tem um recurso integrado para suporte. Se qualquer problema for encontrado, o usurio pode simplesmenteclicar no boto suporte que sempre pode ser encontrado no canto superior direito.

Esta caracterstica nica servir como a principal plataforma de comunicao com os desenvolvedores do Iptim.

A fim de us-lo, tudo que voc precisa preencher os campos conforme as instrues abaixo:

Assunto: Escreva um ttulo para o problema. O assunto idealmente algo curto, mas suficientemente descritivo.

E-mail: Voc deve adicionar o seu e-mail

Descrio: Voc deve descrever, de forma mais detalhada possvel, o problema que voc est enfrentando ou asugesto que voc tem. Ao relatar um erro, por favor inclua o que voc estava tentando fazer quando a mensagemapareceu.

Incluir imagem: Se esta opo estiver ativa, Iptim tambm anexa uma imagem no Relatrio do problema.

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Figure 1.2: Assinar em

Figure 1.3: A ferramenta de apoio.

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Pressione o boto Criar chamado, a fim de apresentar o problema.

Alternativamente, a tela de suporte tambm aparecer automaticamente caso o Iptim no se comporte como esperadopor qualquer motivo. Se isso acontecer com voc, aconselhvel seguir os mesmos passos acima, adicionando nocampo Descrio todas as informaes que voc acha que poderia ajudar os desenvolvedores a resolver o problemada forma mais rpida possvel.

Quando voc cria um chamado, voc receber um e-mail atualizar voc sobre as medidas que esto sendo tomadaspara atender ao seu pedido.

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CHAPTER

TWO

PROJECT BASICS

In the Project section you can manage your projects and create new ones. A project is Iptims basic working unit andtypically encompasses a single manageable unit: a plantation or a natural forest holding. The geographic extent of asingle project can be from few hectares up to hundreds of thousands of hectares.

A project contains one or more sets of data. Typically, one data set represents the state of the projects timberland atone point in time. For example, a project can have multiple sample plot inventory data sets that represent the projectstimberland in different points in time.

Each project requires an initial structure, which defines what type of data the project contains. These structures canbe defined in different ways: you can either copy a structure from an existing project or select a structure from datastructure templates. If you selected a structure from an existing project, you can also copy data for the new projectfrom the existing project.

Projects in Iptim are very flexible, making it a powerful tool to better encompass your companys needs and realities.

2.1 Project browser

2.1.1 Creating a new project

To create a new project, click the new button on the application window and note that three options will appear. Theseoptions mostly differ on how their packages will be structured.

New Project: Will create a project from scratch. This option will give you the chance to define a new projectstructure that fits your current data. If you decide to create a new project, you will also need to define the datasets that will compose the new project. In order to do that, click on the new button on top of the data set fieldand select either copy from template or copy existent data, much like described bellow.

Copy template project: This option will allow you to select from very basic pre-defined structure templatesinstead of creating one from scratch. The template can also be adapted according to your needs.

Copy existing project: By selecting this option you will create an exact copy of an existing project.

After selecting the most appropriate option, a new project settings view appears. In this view you can set your projects

name and description.

2.1.2 Loading the new project

Projects are loaded by selecting the desired project from the browser and then a data set that belongs to it. Next, youneed to either click load on the top right of the application, or double click the data set name. Note that a project isnot automatically loaded when creating a new one; the user must load it.

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Figure 2.1: The project Browser. You can create new projects or add data sets by clicking on the new button.

Each of these data sets is a piece of forest data that will have an individual structure. You can load as many data setsas you want as long as they belong to the same project.

When a data set is loaded, its name appears on the top right of the application and a lock symbol appears before thedata sets name in the browser. When you see the lock symbol, it means that project is locked and its contents cannotbe modified by any other user aside from the one who has locked it. You can easily find out who has locked the projectby landing the cursor on the lock symbol.

2.1.3 Saving and closing a project

To save the changes in the active project, click on the save button on the top right of the application. This will save allchanges you have made to your project. To close the active project, click on the close button on the top right of theapplication.

2.2 Project structure

2.2.1 The Project structure editor

Project structure means simply the projects data model, or data models, if a project contains more than one data setsor packages. The project structure editor presents the project data structure as a hierarchical tree. One example is theproject data structure consisting of three data levels: Stand, Sample plot and Tree. Each of these three levels has anumber ofproperties (a.k.a. variables or attributes), such as Stand ID, Plot ID and Tree ID.

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Figure 2.2: You can also click on the more button to access more options.

Figure 2.3: Project structure view.

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2.2.2 Adding a new property

To add a new property, first select a level to which you want to add the new property and then click new button on thetop right. After clicking the new button, the property type selector appears.

Property types:

Numeric variables: The most common type of variables. They quantify the data set and may be optimized.Common numerical variables are area, age and tree volume.

Text variables: Text variables are used to further define the data set. These are not directly used in the optimiza-tion. Examples of text variables are farm and region names.

Date variables: Variables that specify a point in time shaped as a date. They may be optimized. Inventory andplanting dates could be added as date variables.

Category variables: Variables that have pre-determined values that organize the data by adding categories to it.Examples of categorical variables are tree species, soil types, etc.

Do not add any properties yet! Well add new properties on the go when we import our sample plot data set.

2.2.3 Editing propertiesIt is possible to easily edit any of the Project Structures properties. To do so, select the property that needs to bemodified and click on edit. In this view you will be able to change property settings such as name and description.When editing properties, it is also possible to define if filling that property is required or not. If so, one needs to set adefault value for that property which will be used if the field is left blank. While editing properties, one is also able toadd, remove or modify categories ofcategorical variables.

2.2.4 Modifying categorical variable options

As previously stated, categorical variables are used to categorize data into previously defined options. Once created,these categories will appear as drop-down list that will further validate data. It is possible to add, remove or modify

these categories by editing the option list in the property editor menu.

2.3 Project - Importing data

2.3.1 Data import basics

Iptims data import tools allow you to upload your existing stand register or forest inventory data and use them inIptim. You can import data from various formats, such as Excel spreadsheets and various types of text files. You canhave data on different levels (such as stand, sample plot, or tree), and you can have as many properties (a.k.a. variablesor attributes) per level as you wish.

2.3.2 Importing data from Excel spreadsheets

To start data import, go to Project/Import data and select the appropriate format: either xls or xlsx. In the next step,select the data files you want to import into Iptim. You can add and remove data files using the add + and remove -*buttons in the top-right. You can import data from one or more files of each type each time.

Select the sampleplots.xls that is included in this tutorial package by clicking the add + button in the top-right andselecting the file using the system dialog. After that, proceed to the next step using the next button in the bottom-right.


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Figure 2.4: Importing from a spreadsheet.

In the next step you will need to link the data sheets as they are organized in Excel to the data levels defined in theproject structure. Simply select a data level on the left and an Excel data sheet on the right pannel and press the mapbutton on the center. This will signal to Iptim that the selected data sheet is the source of information that will beimported into the data level.

Next, proceed to section assigning-key-values-and-levels

2.3.3 Importing data from text files

It is also possible to import data from common text files.

2.3.4 Assigning key columns and levels

In this stage you need to select the key columns (in the imported data sheets) that will be used to map the relationshipsbetween the data objects on the different levels. In the sample dataset (sampleplots.xls), for example, we need toconnect trees to sample plots, and sample plots to stands.

Key columns are values that are used to map individual trees to sample plots, and sample plots to stands. In theexample dataset (sampleplots.xls), each tree can be identified by tree_id, plot_id, stand_idand estate. This means that,in order to get a unique id for a tree, you need to know its estate, stand, sample plot and tree id. The tree_id alone isnot unique, as many trees can have ids 1, 2, 3 and so on.

In order to connect two data levels, select the key columns they have in common, and maintain a hierarchical order. Forexample: to map trees to sample plots, select the key columns of the following tree-level properties: estate, stand_idand plot_id, in this order. Match this selection in the sample-plot properties.

To map sample plots to stands, select the key columns of the following sample plot-level properties: estate andstand_id. Match this selection in the stand-level properties and click next.

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Figure 2.5: Linking from spreadsheet to data levels.

Figure 2.6: Assigning key columns.


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2.3.5 Mapping data file properties to Iptims properties

In this stage you need to map the data file columns to Iptims properties. On the left side you see your data model, andon the right your input file columns.

You need to connect the input data columns to Iptim properties. This is done by selecting a data file column on theright side and a corresponding Iptim property on the left side and by pressing Map. Remember to make sure you areselecting columns and properties on corresponding data levels! You can see how the column area (ha) is mapped toArea property on Standlevel.

Figure 2.7: Mapping data.

Notice that there are a few columns that do not yet have a corresponding Iptim property. The input data has columnsestate, stand_idand plot_idon tree level, and estate, stand_idand inventory_date on sample plotlevel which we dontneed to care about.

On the stand level, there are three columns we would like to import, but dont have Iptim properties for: estate,soil_class and soil_preparation. First, we will create a new property for the estate column. This is done by selectingthe estate column on the right side and by clicking the New property. This opens a new view where you should selectText variable as the type of the new (estate) property, which again takes you to new view . Here you should set thenew property name (estate) and description and click save. Now you should have the new property Estate on the lefthand side data structure. Select it and column estate on the right and click Map.

Next, do the same for columns soil_class and soil_preparation, but select Categorical variable instead ofText variable.Name the new properties Soil type and Soil preparation, and map the corresponding columns to Iptim properties. Whencreating the new categorical properties, do not add any options for them, well do that in the next stage.

After mapping the input data columns to the Iptim properties, you can proceed to next stage with the Next button.


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Figure 2.8: Creating a new Categorical variable.

2.3.6 Mapping property values

In this stage you need to map categorical variable values to categorical property options and do conversions for nu-merical values, if needed. In our sample data set, we have one numerical variable that needs a conversion, and that issample plot area from the area property for the Sample plot level. The sample plot area should be in same units asthe stand area, which in this project is hectares. The sample plot area in the input data is, however, in square meters.To convert the areas into hectares, select the sample plot plot_size from the list of properties, and set the conversionfactor to 0.00001. This should update the preview values.

After converting the sample plot areas, you need to map the categorical values into Iptims categorical property options.The columns with categorical values in the input data are tree_species, soil_class and soil_preparation.

First, select the Species and youll see that it has only one unique data value: Pinus spp.. Our data model in Iptim,however, does not have any corresponding options (values) for this property. Open the Option editor and add a newoption with new button. Give the option name pine, value 1 and description Pine spp. and close the editor.

After closing the editor, you should now have pine in the Iptim values listing. Select pine from Iptim values andPinus spp. from Data values and click Map option. This should map the Pinus spp. values from input data intopine option in the Iptims species property.

Next, create new options for the categorial values of soil_class and soil_preparation columns and map the cate-

gorical values to the new options. After doing this, youre almost done with data import!Click the Start import process button on the bottom right and save your project by clicking on the save button in thetop right corner.


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Figure 2.9: Mapping property values.

Figure 2.10: Mapping Categorical variables.


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CHAPTER

THREE

DATA

3.1 Data basics

In the Project view you can manage your projects and create new projects. A project typically encompasses a singlemanageable unit: a plantation or a natural forest holding. The geographic extent of a single project can be from fewhectares up to hundreds of thousands of hectares.

A project contains one or more sets of data. Typically one data set represents the state of the projects timberland atone point in time. For example, a project can have multiple sample plot inventory data sets that represent the projectstimberland in different points in time. Project also has a number of configuration settings related to measurement andmonetary units.

3.2 Project - Data

3.2.1 Overview

Data sheet view gives you the tools to view and modify your existing data and to add new data. By clicking on Data,

you will be able to see the data sheet containing the sample data set you just imported. Each row represents a singlestand. You can sort the stands by any of the columns, just by clicking the column.

3.2.2 Navigating in data view

The data model in Iptim is hierarchical, which means that in our sample data, sample plots are children of stands, andtrees are children of sample plots. You can move from stand level to its sample plots, by clicking the Open button ofthe Sample plot column for the stand of your choice. And from sample plot level you can move to the tree level byagain clicking Open for the sample plot of your choosing.

You can go back up to sample plot and to stand level by clicking Back in the bottom left.

3.2.3 Modifying dataModifying data is done by clicking on a cell and typing the value you wish. How the data input works, depends onthe column (property) type. For numerical columns you can enter only numbers and for text columns only text. Forcategorical columns you can select only options that have been defined for that particular categorical variable. If youwish to modify these options, or anything else related to data properties, you can do that in Project structure view.

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Figure 3.1: You may also change the view by selecting another data set using this drop-down menu.

3.3 Project - Map

3.3.1 Overview

Iptims map view allows you to visualize your data spatially and is another interface for the same data sets previouslyvisualized in the data sheetview.

3.3.2 Map Navigation

Using the buttons on the upper right side of the map view it is possible to navigate and zoom the map freely.

Alternatively it is possible to select the pan tool button on the right hand side of the screen to navigate by clicking,holding and dragging the cursor anywhere on the map. You can also use your mouses scroll wheel to zoom the viewin and out.

3.3.3 Viewing data

When a stand is selected by pressing the selection tool button to the right, it is possible to view and modify all datarelevant to that specific stand, much like it was presented in Project - Data.

3.3.4 Adding and removing Layers

You can also add layers to the map as a way to visualize spatially specific stand data. In order to do so, click on theLayer button and a menu will appear. This menu allows you to add, remove and edit map layers to fit your needs.

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Figure 3.2: Map view.

Figure 3.3: Click on the + button to create layers.

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For instance, you can add a layer that will visually differentiate stands containing different tree species. In order to tothat click on the add button and select tree species as the property, as the operator select equal to, under the value fieldselect a tree species, finally select a color that will characterize the newly created layer. When you are done, all youneed to do is to type a name for the layer on the upper field and click on the apply button.

Figure 3.4: Layer Menu.

You will see that a new switch button appeared under the inventory data themes field and a new color was addedto the legend field on the right pannel, also, the stands containing the selected tree species are now displayed in the

selected color.The inventory data themes pannel allows you can manage all map layers. Under it you can turn map layers on and off,as well as edit and remove newly created layers.

3.4 Project - Summary

In data summary section you can examine your data using data summary and visualization tools. These tools can helpyou to gain better understanding of your data and to find ocasional errors that might be in the data. The section has twoviews: summary and relationships, and you can move between the two views using the summary and relationshipsbuttons in the top right.

3.4.1 Summary view

In the summary view you need to select data level from the dropdown list, a classifier (group by) variable and anumerical variable (numerical values by). This should show you basic descriptive statistics for all classes of theselected numerical variable.

It is possible to select multiple classifiers and numerical variables by pressing the Ctrl key if you are using Iptim inWindows or the cmd key if you are using the Mac version.

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Figure 3.5: You can also edit layers you have created.

Figure 3.6: You can easily switch views by selecting Relationships as displayed.

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For instance, select on the stand data level and click on Main tree species and then on Tree.diameter. Thetable and the box chart your screen will be updated immediately with all the relevant statistics that summarize yourselection.

3.4.2 Relationships view

In the relationships view you can examine the relationships between numerical variables. This can be useful foridentifying outliers in the data, that might be caused by measurement errors.

Using the dropdown lists on the left side you can select the data level and which attributes should be represented ineach axis.

You can also add filters that will highlight data points in the plot. In order to do that you simply need to click on theadd filter button and select the appropriate data level, property, operator and value. As soon as a filter is created theplot will be updated automatically.

Figure 3.7: You may also land your cursor in any data point to see more information.

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CHAPTER

FOUR

MODELING

Modeling section contains tools for modeling forest growth and yield (Modeling growth & yield), adding timber pricetables and defining your silvicultural and harvest regimes (Modeling regimes).

Growth & yield models are used in the planning computations for projecting the future growth and development ofyour forests. Good growth and yield models are extremely important when predicting the future wood flows and alsothe incomes and expenses.

Timber price tables are valuable inputs in the optimizations that will be soon carried out.Regimes define your silvicultural and harvest activities. Iptim offers you tools for defining your own harvest andsilviculture regimes with as much detail as needed.

4.1 Modeling growth & yield

4.1.1 Creating a new growth & yield model

You can start modeling your growth and yield by creating a new growth model using the new button in the top leftof the Model/Growth and Yield view. After clicking new, you will be asked for name and description for you growth

model. Input these and continue by clicking confirm.Alternatively, if there are any previously created models, you can select it and click on edit to view or edit it.

4.1.2 Estimating model parameters

Next, select a categorical variable from the left hand side list, and then select a growth model by clicking the Selectgrowth and yield models button. Select, for instance, Linear volume growth model and click Select. You can thenclick on Select data, select a project, a data level and classifies leaving only relevant data to be modeled. For instance,you can select to stratify the data using Soil Type in order to select only stands located in rich soils.

After this, click the estimate button and a menu should appear. If you click on estimate again a straight line shouldappear in the graph on the right. This is a very simple linear growth model estimated using the project data.

4.1.3 Setting model parameters manually

As this straight line is clearly not a very good growth model, we should come up with a better one. Select Chapman-Richards volume growth model from the list of models and set its parameter (coefficient) values manually like this:

B0 = 382.98

B1 = 0.0865

B2 = 0.7019

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Figure 4.1: Growth & yield model.

This should give you a nicer looking growth model.

Next, select the poor soil type from data partition list, select the Chapman-Richards model for it and set the sameparameter values for it also. Now we have defined growth models for both poor and rich soil types, although in thiscase, the models are exactly the same.

Now you save your growth model and proceed forward by clicking confirm. Remember to save you project with thesave button under you project name.

4.1.4 Calibrating model parameters

You can also choose to calibrate the model that has been setup manually. To do so, you need to click the estimatebutton, select the Utilize original parameters (calibrate) option and insert a value ranging from 0 to 1. This valuewill serve as the weight your original parameters will have on the calibration. If the value is closer to 0, your originalparameters will have little weight on the calibration and the parameter values can be drastically changed. On the otherhand, if you believe your parameters are reliable, values closer to 1 will assure that the calibration will only modify itslightly.

4.2 Modeling regimes4.2.1 Creating a new regime

The regime modeling works in a similar fashion to inventory, timber prices and growth modeling. You can definedifferent regimes for different data partitions (or classes), such as different tree species or soil types. You can startdefining your regime by clicking the new button in the regime view.

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Figure 4.2: Calibrating model parameters.

4.2.2 Adding an operation

Select first poor soil type from the data partition list (the list on the top left corner). Next, start your regime byselecting Planting from the Operation type dropdown list. Set planting age as zero and add the planting to regimeby clicking the + button.

4.2.3 Operation costs

After adding the planting, you can define the costs of planting. Costs are divided into labor, material and other costs.Labor costs consist of labor requirement (e.g. working days per area unit) and labor cost (cost per day per area unit).Material costs consist of material requirement (number of units per area unit) and material cost (cost per unit per areaunit). Other costs are a fixed sum per area unit. Together these will constitute the cost per area unit.

Other operation types are coppicing (another type of regeneration), silviculture, thinning and clearcut. Silviculturaloperations cover all other operations than regenerations or harvests. Thinnings are harvests during the rotation andclearcuts are done at the end of a rotation.

4.2.4 Silvicultural operations

Next, add a fertilization and a weed control for the same year as the planting. Both of them are silvicultural operations,so select Silviculture from the dropdown list and change the operation name to Fertilization, set operation age to0 and add the operation with +. Next do the same, but change operation name to Weed control and age to 0.5, so theoperation will be done 6 months after the planting.

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Figure 4.3: Modeling regimes.

4.2.5 Harvest operations

Next you will add two harvest operations: a thinning and a clearcut. First, select Thinning from the Operation typedropdown list, set the thinning age to 10 and add the thinning to the regime using +. The costs of harvest operationscan be either per harvested area unit or per harvested wood volume unit. Leave the cost columns untouched.

Next, add a clearcut at age 20 to complete the regime. Set the timber prices and proportions.

Now we have the regime for the poor soil type. Even with a very simple regime such as this, it can take a while todefine a regime. If we would have a more complicated regime and more classifiers (meaning more data partitions), itwould mean a lot of work. To avoid this, we can clone this regime to all other data partitions by clicking the clonebutton. This will copy the current regime to all other data partitions (classifier combinations), which can be againmodified separately for each data partition if needed.

4.2.6 Parameters

The parameter box located on the right allows you to define further details about the operations you have selected.One example of this is, when dealing with planting, you can set what is the planted species and how many seedlings.This feature adds much more depth to the planning possibilities.

4.3 Timber prices

Timber price tables are important features for the optimization and will directly affect the results yielded in laterplanning phases.


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4.3.1 Creating a new timber price table

You can create a new timber price table using the new button in the top left of the Timber Prices view. You will needto choose a project, a data level and classifiers that will define how your price table will be stratified. Next you needto define names and descriptions for each timber assortments that will be contemplated in the table. Click on select toproceed to naming and describing your price table.

4.3.2 Adding assortments

First select Species as the classifier and then set pulpwood and log as the possible timber assortments. This willcreate a list that will set these assortments for each timber species in your data set. Remember that, as before, you canhone your selection by changing the classifiers.

Figure 4.4: Price table.

4.3.3 Adding prices and proportions

Next, you will need to fill in the timber prices currently practiced in the market or forecasted timber prices for somepoint in the future. These prices will need to be added for each line that will represent a combination of timber

assortment and classifiers selected when creating the price table. Next, you will need to define what is the proportionof each timber assortment and the harvest cost incurred for each case. Note that, for obvious reasons, no individualproportion or sum of proportions for a same species can exceed 100%.

4.3.4 Editing a timber price table

You can always visualize and edit a previously created price table by selecting it and clicking on the edit button locatedon the upper right side.

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CHAPTER

FIVE

PLANNING

Planning tools allow you to plan your forest management actions, such as timing and type of harvests and silviculturaloperations and also to predict the future wood flows, incomes and expenses.

5.1 Plan

5.1.1 Creating a new plan

Much like in previous sections, to create a plan, go to Plan section and create a new plan with the new button. Giveyour plan a name and a description.

5.1.2 Input and objective

Start defining the inputs for your new plan by adding a new row to plan settings using the + button. You will thenneed to select your all the data you have been creating until this point. Choose your project as the plans project, yourgrowth model as the growth & yield set, your regime as the plans regime and lastly select the timber price table youhave defined.

Next you will need to set a starting date and a final date to your planing horizon. For that, use the dd/mm/yyyy format.

You will also be able to choose what objective should be pursued by the optimizer, what is a sensible interest rate andfor how long will the program be allowed to delay thinnings and clearcuts in order to achieve optimal results.

After defining the plan, save your plan with confirm button.

5.1.3 Creating and editing constraints

You can also add constraints to your plan by clicking on the constraints button on the upper right section of the screen.After the appropriate screen appears you can create any number of new constraints by clicking on the + button andremove unwanted ones by clicking on the - button.

There are basically two types of constraints that can be created, variables compared to value constraints and variablecompared to variable constraints. The former is suited for creating contraints that will be limited by a user-definedvalue. For instance, constraints compared to value could be a maximum anual harvest level or a minimum acceptedcash flow level. On the other hand, variables compared to variables express relations between variables. These can beused in situations that require an increase of the yearly planted area or cost maintenance from month to month.

After you are done building the constraints, be sure to click on the save button.

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Figure 5.3: Adding constraints.

5.1.4 Calculating plans

After your plans have been created and the inputs, objectives and contraints are as they should be, you should thenselect a plan on the initial plan menu and click on the run button. You can always check if this plan has been calculatedor not by checking if the Plan state is set as Ready or Not ready

Note that Iptim shows you a list of warning as errors generated by the plan calculation. Warnings will show areas that

require attention but did not prevent the optimizer from running and generating a result. Error, however, are shownwhen some of the defined parameters prevent the program from reaching an optimal solution.

5.2 Analysis

After you have created the plans you can now analyse and compare them to find the ones that are more suited to meetyour needs.

On the Analysis view you can compare select any plans that have already been calculated (have their Plan statusas Ready on the plan menu).

5.2.1 Comparing Plans

Simply select one or two plans by the purple an green boxes on the left side, select the first and last years you wantyour analysis to be comprised and the time step (monthly, quarterly and annual).

Next you can start comparing plans by clicking on buttons on the left pannel represented which variables are to becompared. You can select one or multiple buttons and the respective comparisons will be appear. You can interactwith the charts by clicking on the data bars to see more information on the data represented by it.

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Figure 5.4: Click on run to calculate your plans.

Figure 5.5: Plan analysis view.

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Figure 5.6: Monthly view.

Figure 5.7: Interacting with charts.

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5.2.2 Operations list

The operations list will show an optimized list of the operations organized by stand. There you will find when wouldbe optimal for each operation to take place, along with other relevant information such as the volume generated andthe total operations cost.

5.2.3 Operations map

Using the slider located immediately under the map, it is possible to see geographically when will each type ofoperation be carried out in each stand. Each operation will be color coded according to the legend to your right handside.

Figure 5.8: Operations map.

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CHAPTER

SIX

REPORTING

6.1 Creating new reports

In the reporting view you can generate various reports for analysing your plans. Reports can be exported to Excel oras PDF documents.

To get started with reporting, go to Report section and create a new report with the new button. Next select your planas the reports source plan.

Then you will need to add the first reporting variable by clicking the + button and selecting Harvested timber volumefrom the Variable dropdown list. Give it a name and add assortment and operation name as classifiers. The fromand to dates are automatically set to the selected plans starting and ending dates, but you can modify the dates asyou want.

Next add more reporting variables: income by operation name, costs by operation name, costs by operation type andarea by soil class. After adding these,. and you can save the report by clicking confirm.

Figure 6.1: Creating new reports.

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6.2 Calculating reports

After your reports have been created as they should be, you should then select a report on the initial repor menu andclick on the run button. You can always check if this report has been calculated or not by checking if the Reportstate is set as Ready or Not ready

After running the report, you can view the report by clicking View report.

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