ipv6 addressing
DESCRIPTION
IPv6 Addressing. Agenda. OSI & TCP/IP Model IPv4 Addressing IPv6 Addressing. APPLICATION. APPLICATION. PRESENTATION. SESSION. TCP/IP Model. OSI Model. TRANSPORT. TRANSPORT. NETWORK. NETWORK. DATA LINK. DATA LINK. PHYSICAL. PHYSICAL. TCP/IP and OSI. OSI is made of seven layers. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: IPv6 Addressing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814860550346895db56eb6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
IPv6 Addressing
![Page 2: IPv6 Addressing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814860550346895db56eb6/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Agenda
• OSI & TCP/IP Model
• IPv4 Addressing
• IPv6 Addressing
![Page 3: IPv6 Addressing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814860550346895db56eb6/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
TCP/IP and OSI
• OSI is made of seven layers.
• TCP/IP protocol is made of five layers.
PHYSICAL
DATA LINK
NETWORK
TRANSPORT
APPLICATION
PHYSICAL
DATA LINK
NETWORK
TRANSPORT
SESSION
PRESENTATION
APPLICATION
OSI Model TCP/IP Model
![Page 4: IPv6 Addressing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814860550346895db56eb6/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Frame Head Trailer
Frame
Data Encapsulation
Data
Data
Data
TCP Header
TCP Segment
UDP Header
UDP Message
TCP-UDP DataIP Header
IP Datagram
IP Header TCP-UDP Data
Application
TPT Layer
NW Layer
Data Link
![Page 5: IPv6 Addressing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814860550346895db56eb6/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
D
P
N
T
A
TCP/IPv4 Protocol Suite..
ICMP IGMPRARPARP
FTPSMTP
TELNETHTTP
TFTPNFS
SNMPDNS
TCP UDP
IP
Protocols defined by the underlying networks
![Page 6: IPv6 Addressing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814860550346895db56eb6/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
IP Header..
HEADER CHECKSUMPROTOCOLTIME TO LIVE
DESTINATION ADDRESS OF HOST
SOURCE ADDRESS OF HOST
PADDINGOPTIONS
76543210765432107654321076543210
FRAGMENT OFFSETMF
DFIDENTIFICATION
TOTAL LENGTHTOSHLENVER
Octet +3Octet +2 Octet +1 Octet +0
![Page 7: IPv6 Addressing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814860550346895db56eb6/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
ARP Operation
Request Ignored
Request Ignored
ARP Response Accepted
Give me MAC address of 129.1.1.4
That’s Me
Here is my MAC address
129.1.1.1 129.1.1.4
129.1.1.2 129.1.1.308-00-39-00-2F-C3
08-00-10-99-AC-54
08-00-5A-21-A7-2208-00-39-00-2F-AB
![Page 8: IPv6 Addressing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814860550346895db56eb6/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
RARP Operation
Give me my IP address RARP Response
Diskless work
station RARPServer
08-00-39-00-2F-C3 08-00-10-99-AC-54
08-00-5A-21-A7-22
223.1.2.1223.1.2.2
223.1.2.3
08-00-39-00-2F-AB
![Page 9: IPv6 Addressing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814860550346895db56eb6/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
IPv4 Header
Version(4)
Destination IP Address (32)
HeaderLength (4)
Priority & Type of Service (8) Total Length (16)
Identification (16)Flags
(3) Fragment offset (13)
Time to live (8) Protocol (8) Header checksum (16)
Source IP Address (32)
20Bytes
Removed Changed
![Page 10: IPv6 Addressing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814860550346895db56eb6/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
IPv6 Header
Version(4)
Destination IP Address (128)
Traffic Class(8) Flow Label(20)
Payload Length(16) Next Header(8) Hop Limit(8)
Source IP Address (128)40
Bytes
New
![Page 11: IPv6 Addressing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814860550346895db56eb6/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Extension Header
04/21/23 14
IPv6 HeaderNext Header= TCP
TCP Header+ Data
IPv6 HeaderNext Header= Routing
Routing HeaderNext Header= TCP
TCP Header+ Data
TCP Header+ Data
IPv6 HeaderNext Header= Routing
Routing HeaderNext Header= ESP
ESP HeaderNext Header= TCP
• New way of doing options• Added after the basic IPv6 header• Daisy chained
![Page 12: IPv6 Addressing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814860550346895db56eb6/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Summary
• Comparison of IPv4 and IPv6 headers shows a longer
header, but less number of fields
• Header processing is simpler
• Options are handled by extension headers
• Routing header for source routing changes the destination
address in the IP header
04/21/23 18
![Page 13: IPv6 Addressing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814860550346895db56eb6/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
ALTTC/DX/SC/IPADDRESSING 19
IPv4 Addressing
8 Bits8 Bits 8 Bits 8 Bits
Network Host
32 Bits
172 . 16 . 122 . 204
![Page 14: IPv6 Addressing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814860550346895db56eb6/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
ALTTC/DX/SC/IPADDRESSING 20
IPv4 Address Scheme
• Two types of addressing schemes for IPv4– Classful– Classless
• Classful – Original style of addressing based on first few
bits of the address.– Generally used in customer sites.
• Classless– A new type of addressing that disregards the
class bit of an address and applies a variable prefix (mask) to determine the network number.
![Page 15: IPv6 Addressing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814860550346895db56eb6/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
ALTTC/DX/SC/IPADDRESSING 21
IPv4 Address classes
H H HNClass-A:
H HN NClass-B:
HN N NClass-C:
Class-D: For Multicast
Class-E: For Research
•N=Network number assigned by IR.•H=Host number assigned by network administrator.
![Page 16: IPv6 Addressing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814860550346895db56eb6/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
ALTTC/DX/SC/IPADDRESSING 22
Identifying a class of address
Address Identifier Network Address Host Address
0 7 bits Network Address 24 bits Host AddressA
10 14 bits Network Address 16 bits Host AddressB
110 21 bits Network Address 8 bits Host AddressC
1110 Multicast address (224.0.0.0-239.255.255.255)D
1111 Reserved for future useE
![Page 17: IPv6 Addressing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814860550346895db56eb6/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
ALTTC/DX/SC/IPADDRESSING 23
IP Address Bit Patterns
8 Bits8 Bits 8 Bits 8 Bits
Class-A:
Class-B:
Class-C:
Class-D:
Class-E:
0-127
128-191
192-223
224-239
240-255
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
![Page 18: IPv6 Addressing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814860550346895db56eb6/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
ALTTC/DX/SC/IPADDRESSING 24
Networks Vs Hosts
• In Classless environment we can have232=4294967296 Hosts
• Class Networks Hosts/Network• A 126 16777214• B 16384 65354• C 2097152 254
![Page 19: IPv6 Addressing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814860550346895db56eb6/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
ALTTC/DX/SC/IPADDRESSING 25
Private Address Space
• IANA has reserved the following three blocks of the IP address space for private internets (RFC 1918):– 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 (10.0.0.0/8 prefix)
• 24-bit block• Complete class-A network number
– 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 (172.16.0.0/12 prefix)• 172.0001/0000.0.0-172.0001/1111.255.255• 20-bit block• Set of 16 contiguous class-B network numbers
– 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 (192.168.0.0/16 prefix)• 16-bit block• Set of 256 contiguous class-C network numbers
![Page 20: IPv6 Addressing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814860550346895db56eb6/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
IPv6 Addressing
• IPv6 addresses
• Format
• Unicast
• Multicast
• Anycast
• Required Node Addresses
• Address Selection
• Addressing Architecture
04/21/23 26
![Page 21: IPv6 Addressing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814860550346895db56eb6/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Addresses
• IPv4 = 32 bits
• IPv6 = 128 bits– This is not 4 times the number of addresses
– This is 4 times the number of bits
– ~3,4 * 1038 possible addressable nodes
– 1030 addresses per person on the planet
– Well, as with any numbering scheme, we will be using only a
portion of the full address space
04/21/23 27
![Page 22: IPv6 Addressing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814860550346895db56eb6/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Address Format
• x:x:x:x:x:x:x:x
– Where x is a 16 bits hexadecimal field
• 2001:0000:1234:0000:0000:C1C0:ABCD:0876
• Case insensitive
• 2001:0000:1234:0000:0000:c1c0:abcd:0876
• Leading zeros in a field are optional:
• 2001:0:1234:0:0:C1C0:ABCD:876
04/21/23 28
![Page 23: IPv6 Addressing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814860550346895db56eb6/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Address format
• Successive fields of 0 are represented as ::, but only once
in an address:– 2001:0:1234::C1C0:ABCD:876
– Not valid: 2001::1234::C1C0:ABCD:876
• Other examples:– FF02:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 => FF02::1
– 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 => ::1
– 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 => ::
04/21/23 29
![Page 24: IPv6 Addressing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814860550346895db56eb6/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Addresses in URL
• In a URL, it is enclosed in brackets– http://[2001:1:4F3A::206:AE14]:8080/index.html
– URL parsers have to be modified
– Cumbersome for users
• Mostly for diagnostic purposes
• Should use Fully Qualified Domain Names (FQDN)
04/21/23 30
![Page 25: IPv6 Addressing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814860550346895db56eb6/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Address Types
• Unicast– Unspecified
– Loopback
– Scoped addresses:• Link-local
• Site-local (Deprecated now)• Unique-Local
– Aggregatable Global:
• Multicast– Broadcast: none in IPv6
• Anycast
31
![Page 26: IPv6 Addressing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814860550346895db56eb6/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Unspecified
• Used as a placeholder when no address available– Initial DHCP request
– Duplicate Address Detection (DAD)
• Like 0.0.0.0 in IPv4
0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 or ::
04/21/23 32
![Page 27: IPv6 Addressing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814860550346895db56eb6/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Loopback
• Identifies self
• Localhost
• Like 127.0.0.1 in IPv4
• 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 or ::1
• To find if your IPv6 stack works:
– Ping6 ::1
04/21/23 33
![Page 28: IPv6 Addressing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814860550346895db56eb6/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Link-Local
• Scoped address (new in IPv6)
• Scope = local link (i.e. VLAN, subnet)– Can only be used between nodes of the same link
– Cannot be routed
• Automatically configured on each interface– Uses the interface identifier (based on MAC address)
• Format:– FE80:0:0:0:<interface identifier>
• Gives every node an IPv6 address to start communications
04/21/23 34
![Page 29: IPv6 Addressing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814860550346895db56eb6/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Site-Local( now ULA)
• Scoped address
• Scope = site (a network of links)– Can only be used between nodes of the same site
– Cannot be routed outside the site (i.e. the Internet)
– Very similar to IPv4 private addresses
• Not configured by default
04/21/23 35
![Page 30: IPv6 Addressing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814860550346895db56eb6/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Unique local address
• ULA is an IPv6 address in the block fc00::/7 defined in RFC 4193.
• To be used for systems that are not connected to the Internet.
• Divided into two /8 address groups – assigned and random– valid /48 prefixes are derived
04/21/23 36
![Page 31: IPv6 Addressing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814860550346895db56eb6/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Aggregatable Global
• Generic use. Globally reachable.
• Allocated by IANA– To Regional Registries
– Then to Tier-1 Providers• Called Top-level Aggregator (TLA)
– Then to Intermediate Providers• Called Next-level Aggregator (NLA)
– Then to sites
– Then to subnets
04/21/23 37
![Page 32: IPv6 Addressing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814860550346895db56eb6/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Aggregatable Global• Structure:
04/21/23 38
TLA RES NLAs SLA Interface ID TLA RES NLAs SLA Interface ID
48 bits 16 bits 64 bits
• 128 bits as the total• 48 bits prefix to the site• 16 bits for the subnets in the site• 64 bits for host part
![Page 33: IPv6 Addressing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814860550346895db56eb6/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Aggregatable Global
• Consists of the following (left to right):– 3 bits: 001 (10% of the total address space reserved)
– 13 bits for the TLA• 213 TLAs ~ 8K TLAs
– 8 bits reserved
– 24 bits for the NLAs• 224 NLAs per TLA ~ 16M NLAs per TLA
– 16 bits for the site subnets• 216 subnets per site = 65536 subnets
– 64 bits for the interface identifier
– Total = 128 bits.
04/21/23 39
![Page 34: IPv6 Addressing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814860550346895db56eb6/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Multicast
• Multicast = one-to-many
• No broadcast in IPv6. Multicast is used instead, mostly on local links
• Scoped addresses:– Node, link, site, organisation, global
– No TTL as in IPv4
• Format:– FF<flags><scope>::<multicast group>
04/21/23 40
![Page 35: IPv6 Addressing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814860550346895db56eb6/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Multicast assigned Addresses
• Some reserved multicast addresses:
04/21/23 41
Address Scope Use
FF01::1 Interface-local All Nodes
FF01::2 Interface-local All Routers
FF02::1 Link-local All Nodes
FF02::2 Link-local All Routers
FF05::2 Site-local All Routers
FF02::1:FFxx:xxxx Link-local Solicited-Node
![Page 36: IPv6 Addressing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814860550346895db56eb6/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Anycast
• One-to-nearest: great for discovery functions
• Anycast addresses are indistinguishable from unicast
addresses– Allocated from the unicast addresses space
– Some anycast addresses are reserved for specific uses
• Few uses:– Router-subnet
– MobileIPv6 home-agent discovery
– discussions for DNS discovery
04/21/23 42
![Page 37: IPv6 Addressing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814860550346895db56eb6/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Required Node Addresses
• Any IPv6 node should recognize the following addresses
as identifying itself:– Link-local address for each interface
– Assigned (manually or automatically) unicast/anycast addresses
– Loopback address
– All-nodes multicast address
– Solicited-node multicast address for each of its assigned unicast
and anycast address
– Multicast address of all other groups to which the host belongs
04/21/23 43
![Page 38: IPv6 Addressing](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814860550346895db56eb6/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Thanks
04/21/23 44