IPv6 and Its Deployment

Dipak Singh

ERNET INDIA

Agenda

• Problems with IPv4

• What is new in IPv6?

• What are applications which demand IPv6?

• Deployment of IPv6 in ERNET.

Problems in IPv4• 32-bit address space can theoretically provide 4.3

billion unique global addresses.

• Mapping (NAT), CIDR and Proxy has extended IPv4’s life in conjunction with private IPv4 Addresses

• No. of IP Addresses allocated to an orgnisation are far less than their actual requirement.

• Size of Routing Table increases with increase in the IP

addresses.

• Complicated Header

IPv4 – Contd.• The IPv4 protocol does not provide -

• Security - end to end communication security • Quality of Service (QoS)- special handling for different type of

traffic

IP Datagram Header

VERS HLEN TOS TOTAL LENGTH

IDENTIFICATION FLAG FRAGMENT OFFSET

TTL PROTOCOL CHECKSUM

SOURCE ADDRESS

DESTINATION ADDRESS

OPTIONS (if any) + PADDING

0 4 8 16 19 31

Why do we need a new protocol?Why do we need a new protocol?• Uneven distribution of IPv4 addresses in the world.

• India has less IPv4 Addresses than Hewlett- Packard (HP) and many other US Companies -

• India = 3,042,202 (3 million)

• HP = 16,581,375 (16 million)

• IPv4 Addresses will run out by 2008 to 2012.

• Applications like Mobile Computing, Auto-configuration and Real Time Audio & Video etc. require end-to-end communications and hence unique IP Addresses for each device.

IPv6 – What is New?• Expanded Address Space

– Address length is now 128 bits.

– 340 undecillion unique addresses (1 undecillion = 1036)

• Header format simplification– Simplified header reduces router processing loads

• Improved Routing– Route aggregration reduces size of routing table

• Enhanced security and QoS– IPsec is mandated

• Improved support for mobile IP and mobile computing devices– Plug & Play– Data, Voice, Audio and Video integration is a Reality

Restoring an End-to-End Connectivity

• Internet started with end-to-end connectivity for any applications– Replacing Decnet/SNA gateway

• Today, NAT and Application-Layer Gateways connect disparate networks

• Peer to Peer Server-to-client applications mean global address when connected.

IPv6 Header Format

Traffic Class Flow LabelVers

Payload Length Next Header Hop Limit

Source Address

Destination Address

0 4 12 16 24 31

Addressing in IPv6

• Address in IPv4 has following format

202.41.97.3/24• One level of hierarchy. Net id and host id• The one level of heirarchy has led to explosion of

IP addresses in Internet backbone.• IPv6 addressing has multi level of hierarchy.• Three types of address in IPv6

– Unicast, Multicast, Anycast

IPv6 Addressing

• Unicast– Aggregatable Global

– Scooped Address• Link Local

• Site Local

• Multicast– Identifies a set of interfaces

– Multicast is used for Broadcast in IPv6.

• Anycast– It also refers to a set of interfaces but packet is sent to nearest one

Addressing in IPv6

• HEX in block of 16 bits representation• 2001:0E30:0102:0000:0000:09C0:876A:130B

• Leading zeros in a field are optional:• 2001:E30:102:0:0:9C0:876A:130B

• Successive fields of 0 represented as ::, but only once in an address:

• 2031:0:130F::9C0:876A:130B• 2031::130F::9C0:876A:130B• 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 => ::1• 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 => ::

• IPv4-compatible address representation• 0:0:0:0:0:0:192.168.30.1 = ::192.168.30.1 = ::C0A8:1E01

Addressing in IPv6• Global Aggregate Address

• Link Local Address

• Site Local Address

001 TLA NLA

3 13 32

SLA

64 bits

Interface ID

1111111010

10 bits

0

54 bits

Interface ID

64 bits

Public Topology SiteTopology

Interface Identifier

1111111011 0 Interface IDsubnet ID

10 bits 38 bits 16 bits 64 bits

16

Multicast Address

Flags 000T 3 bits reservedT= 0 permanentT= 1 transient

Scope 2 link-local5 site-local8 org-localE global

11111111 flags scope Group ID

8 bits 4 4 112 bits

Broadband Home – A necessity for IPv6 !

• Home Networking

– At the heart of the digital home sits the Broadband access point distributing a host of enhanced content and services throughout the home

Mobile Wireless Networking – an IPv6 Must

• Unlicensed Band (Wi-Fi Hotspots)• Personal mobility, High data rate

• Licensed Band (GPRS, 3G, DVB-T,…)

• Full mobility, Modest data rate

IPv6 – A Driver for the e-Economy

With millions of new devices becoming IP With millions of new devices becoming IP aware, the need for increased addressing aware, the need for increased addressing and plug & play networking is only met and plug & play networking is only met with the implementation of IPv6with the implementation of IPv6

IPv6 Market

• Education & Research Networks. • Wireless (PDA, 3G Mobile Phone networks,

Car,...)• Home Networking

– Set-top box/Cable/xDSL/Ethernet-to-the-home• Enterprise

– Requires full IPv6 support on O.S. & Applications

• Service Providers

IPv6 Deployment

• Many ways to deploy IPv6 services– IPv6 tunnels over IPv4.– Dedicated Data Link layers for native IPv6.– Dual Stack Networks

• IPv6 over MPLS or IPv4-IPv6 Dual stack routers

• Service Providers and Enterprise may have different deployment need.

IPv6 over WAN Tunnels

• Manually or automatically configured tunnels.

• Tunnel source and destination(IPv4) explicitly configured at each node.

• Both the end nodes have to be dual stacked.

Native IPv6

• It is like building a new IPv6 network.

• Will be a costly proposition.

• No impact on existing IPv4 infrastructure.

• IPv4 traffic can be separated from IPv6.

Dual Stack IPv4-IPv6

• Routers and end systems should be dual stacked.

• May not necessarily apply to the overall infrastructure.

• Network design must be well planned– Memory and CPU size to handle growth for IPv4

& IPv6.

IPv6 over MPLS

• Many Service Providers have deployed IPv4 MPLS backbone for various reasons.

• Here IPv6 can be deployed without upgrading MPLS core.

• The edge routers of MPLS backbone should be dual stacked.

• Native IPv6 MPLS require full network upgrade.

Establishment of IPv6 enabled Test Bed at ERNET

• To setup IPv6 Test Bed at ERNET Backbone• Setup IPv6 Domain Name Server & IPv6 Mail Server at

all PoP locations and test Mail Services using IPv6.

• To Demonstrate following features -• Plug ‘n’ Play (Auto-configuration)• Multicasting• QoS

• Organizing an IPv6 workshop for participants from academia and industry.

Infrastructure Upgradation

• Hardware & IOS of Routers at 9 PoP locations have been upgraded to support dual stack .

• A separate IPv6 segment has been created at each 9 POP.

• A server running Linux has been deployed at each 9 POP exclusively for IPv6 services

• A separate domain has been created at been created at each POP for IPv6 services.

Routing• To deploy IPv6, we had following options

• Tunneling, Native IPv6 and Dual Stack

• Dual Stack of IPv4 and IPv6 has been deployed over ERNET backbone.

• IPv4 and IPv6 routing are running simultaneously.

• For Intra-AS routing, protocol options are

• RIP, OSPF, IS-IS

• OSPFv3 for IPv6 was deployed as OSPF for IPv4 was already running.

IPv6 Addressing Scheme• The following IPv6 prefixes have been assigned to ERNET

by APNIC: 2001:0E30::/32

• ERNET PoPs are being assigned to /40 prefixes.• Based on the above a PoP can further distribute /48

addresses to its customers.(1208925819614629174706176)

• For example following IPv6 Addresses are proposed to be given for ERNET Delhi PoP users -

Delhi University= 2001:0E30:1801::/48

JNU = 2001:0E30:1802::/48

Univ. of Rajasthan = 2001:0E30:1803::/48

Backbone IPv6 Addresses2001:0E30::/40

Delhi

Mumbai

IISC

Pune

Kanpur

Kolkata

Hyderabad

VSAT HUB

Chennai

2001:0E30::5/126

2001:0E30::102/126

2001:0E30::6/126

2001:0E30::101/126

2001:0E30::18/126

::21

::137

2001:0E30::57/126

::58

::138

2001:0E30::22/126

::129 ::130

::125::126 ::178

::177

::14

::13

OSPFv3

Backbone Area 0

IPv6 Enabled ERNET Backbone

::197

::198

Services Deployed• IIT Kanpur is acting as Mail Gateway for incoming and

outgoing mails from ERNET. It is running on IPv4.• The individual Mail Servers at each PoP is forwarding and

receiving mails from Mail Gateway at Kanpur on IPv6.• All Mail Servers except at Kanpur will have static IPv6. Mail

server at Kanpur have both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses.• The mail transaction among mail servers within will be on IPv6

only.• Multicasting across 4 POPs has been tested and it is being tested

at remaining POPs.

Kanpur IPv6 Mail/DNS Server

Delhi IPv6 Mail/DNS Server

Chennai IPv6 Mail/DNS ServerBangalore IPv6 Mail/DNS Server

IPv4 InternetIPv4 Internet

IPv6/v4 dual stack segment

IPv4 segment

UoH IPv6 Mail/DNS Server

Calcutta IPv6 Mail/DNS Server

Pune IPv6 Mail/DNS Server

Mumbai IPv6 Mail/DNS Server

ERNET IPv6 Test Bed

Future Plans

• To run pure IPv6 traffic with GEANT, a Pan-European Network.

• To deploy IPv6 in Communication Fabric of Grid Computing.

• To offer Test bed for R & D activity.

Thank You