IQ Testhttp://alliqtests.com/tests/3/5/

Objectives and agendaObjectivesList the definitions of intelligenceWork with the difference between intelligence and

achievementOutline the different psychological ideas of intelligenceAgendaWarm-up—answer questions on intelligenceDiscuss warm-upTake intelligence testGroup—research the following psychologist’s ideas on

intelligence—Charles Spearman, Howard Gardner, Robert Sternberg

Warm UpWhat is intelligence?List behaviors that you believe to

characteristic of intelligent people, and then behaviors characteristic of unintelligent people.

Achievement vs. Intelligence Achievement—knowledge and skills

gained from experience. Things you know and can do.

• Intelligence—abilities to learn from experience, think rationally, and to deal effectively with others and the environment.

• Intelligence makes achievement possible

Charles Spearman and The G-Factor

General intelligence (g): Spearman’s belief that there is a single factor that underlies specific mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test.

Specific intelligences tended to be positively correlated.

Objectives and agendaObjectives

Know the similarities and differences between alternate ideas of intelligence

Argue whether intelligence tests are the best way to determine intelligence

List why people have different intelligencesAgenda

Warm-up--True intelligence?—Derek—Take notes and be ready to discuss from your notes if Derek is “Intelligent.

Notes on Different types of Intelligence Intelligence test—takeDiscuss different types of intelligence tests.The Real Rainman videoHomework—study guide for Unit III.

Howard

GARDNER“Multiple Intelligences”

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•From a biological point of view, Gardner has noted that brain damage often may diminish some abilities but not others.

•Gardner argues humans do not have one intelligence (g factor) but instead multiple intelligences which are relatively independent of the others.

Gardner’s Multiple IntelligencesGardner argues there are 9 intelligences:

1. Verbal Linguistic 2. Logical-mathematical3. Visual Spatial 4. Bodily-kinesthetic5. Auditory-musical6. Interpersonal (sensitivity to the feelings of others)

7. Intrapersonal (insight into one’s own inner feelings)

8. Existential (insight into larger picture of life ((phil.))

9. Naturalist (understanding laws that govern natural behavior)

The Real Rainman(http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-6097787318198018019&ei=uS6eS6qZD4ToqALuormBDQ&q=Kim+Peek+The+Real+Rain+Man&hl=en)

Derek--60 minutesLily the geography wiz!(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r43yCiKlbCo)

Howard

GARDNER“Multiple Intelligences” - continued

The existence of savants, prodigies and other exceptional individuals supports Gardner’s theory:

Robert Sternberg

“The true measure of success is not how well one does in school…

…but how well one does.”

Sternberg looked to overcome the fact that although IQ tests predicted school tests relatively well, they did less well predicting vocational success.

Robert STERNBERGTriarchic theory of intelligence

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Analytical (academic problem solving)

• Creative (reacting to new situations and ideas)

• Practical (everyday tasks – common sense)

Other IntelligencesEmotional intelligence.—5 factorsSelf-awareness—recognize own feelingsMood management—distract from uncomfortable feeling. –how long they last

Self motivation—move ahead with confidence and enthusiasm

Impulse control—delay pleasure until task has been accomplished

People skills—ability to empathize, understand, communicate and cooperate

Alfred BINETCreated an intelligence test that could measure the mental age of school children

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Mental age

Chronological ageX 100 = IQ

What is the IQ of:

a10-year-old with the mental age of a 12 year old?

an 8-year-old with the mental age of a 10 year old?

Mental age

Chronological ageX 100 = IQ

12

10X 100 = 120

A 10-year-old with the mental age of a 9 year old?

10

8X 100 = 125

9

10X 100 = 90

Alfred Binet and Intelligence TestsMental Age: chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance. Intelligence increased with ageA child who does as well as the average 8-year-old is said to have a mental age of 8.

Binet did not believe his test measured inborn intelligence.

David WECHSLERCreator of the most widely used intelligence tests todayWISC: Wechsler Intelligence Scale for ChildrenWAIS: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale

Verbal & performance scores

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Assessing Intelligence- Sample Items from the WAIS

From Thorndike and Hagen, 1977

VERBAL

General Information Similarities Arithmetic ReasoningVocabularyComprehensionDigit Span

PERFORMANCE

Picture Completion Picture ArrangementBlock DesignObject AssemblyDigit-Symbol Substitution

Qualities of A Good TestTo be accepted all psychological tests must be:

1.Standardized2.Reliable 3.Valid

Reliability vs. Validity (DON’T MIX THEM UP)• Reliability—equals consistency

—same scores for same person at different times

Validity deals with accuracy or predictability. Asks the question does the test measure what it is supposed to measure?

Purpose of IQ test—Determine High IQ and low IQ’s

Problems with Intelligence Tests

Not perfectSome better than othersEducation and backgroundMotivationCulturally biased

Words and concepts used by particular groups

Understand meanings of some questions.Problem-solving methods

The Normal Curve—”Bell Curve”

Ninety-five percent of all people fall within 30 points

of 100

Number of

scores

55 70 85 100 115 130 145

Wechsler intelligence score

Sixty-eight percentof people score within 15 points

above or below 100

Broadening Theory of IntelligenceSavant Syndrome: a

condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill.

RainmanHigh intelligence does

not guarantee creativityGifted—outstanding

talent or to show potential for perform at remarkably high levels

Mental RetardationMild RetardationMild Retardation: IQs from 50 to : IQs from 50 to

70 – can read, do basic math, hold 70 – can read, do basic math, hold a job and take care of themselvesa job and take care of themselves

Moderate RetardationModerate Retardation: IQs from : IQs from 35 to 49 – can speak, feed and 35 to 49 – can speak, feed and dress themselves, work under dress themselves, work under supportive conditionssupportive conditions

Severe RetardationSevere Retardation: IQs from 20 : IQs from 20 to 34 – Require constant to 34 – Require constant supervision, limited supervision, limited communication.communication.

Profound Retardation:Profound Retardation:Below 20--Below 20--Barely communicate with basic Barely communicate with basic emotional responses--Cannot feed emotional responses--Cannot feed or dress and dependent on others or dress and dependent on others for carefor care

Causes of Mental RetardationGenetic disorders (Down Syndrome)Genetic disorders (Down Syndrome)

Pregnant women who do drugs or drink Pregnant women who do drugs or drink alcoholalcohol

Difficulties during childbirth Difficulties during childbirth

Environmental Influences on IntelligenceGenetics play a role in intelligence (because

identical twins have similar IQs) but …the home environment and parenting styles can

influence IQ and;preschool programs like Head Start affect IQ as

well.SEE NEXT SLIDE

Is Intelligence Genetic or Environmental?

Influenced by both, but the most genetically similar have the most similar scores.

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1.0Similarity ofintelligence

scores(correlation)

Identicaltwinsreared together

Identicaltwinsreared apart

Fraternaltwinsreared together

Siblingsreared together

Unrelatedindividualsreared together

Intelligence Film