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)h OuoloJ. '.' / IPf" /

A -

' Oliapter I

di'voroed « i f « and a^ed Tuaiif bin

uM«>?|fliiM|fi to mxry iier» ironiOBlly tliat

qiUte 4t fart^ e. hetd ckil.4. ^arrind

her and ttieir f ir s t imioa 3c«8^t«€ ia j^gpoanay* 'TM_jm»e U ' (iil.jht Yiimii drwBist that mm» liody eer«u9p him Mid midf ‘*How

9Qon liaa she ooaaeiwd a Imtckar, ?» . lu , 4£ A,'?. a^« ijavc

l^irth to thi@ iIio«trioii8 Qhild Urn &t&t@mim andA •the iso»t eoti«pi<}U0i*a e^siiniatmtor of his tlma* Thla ohiici

wem mi i&d bin Yusmt

It; would t e int^rmting to refer to arer0i 0n 0? a

atory o* /bu iCaaywli a»»o®iated wiUi tiJ® wMBk of Wajja?-^

mtkmT kmum m ' ariysyb. ( taU ai)d bem-

t ifu l) mM at fjlrat in max*riarj« wiiJa llarith bin TjnXm^k,

«*io diTorced iiejif, Gii® m,u tiicn Emrried to fUsof bin itq^il^m-

Timqfi '«tJoa aiMS bore a oi%il(i in defosmsd, alxape, Th« child

d«oiin®d to sooi: Uie br eaat of hi a laot^xer, it la ©aid tliat

Satan 9&pm.rmi in aJmp© of '!aritli bio '::&l&SMh ami ®ntia.ir«<i

ai)oyit toe matter, H« wm told timt ,?ai*i^aii iiad ^iveri birtJi

to a ohild '. 10 Imd deell»ed to umk ti\& bi'^aat of h i» mother

or aay otiier mamsi. He advised ti'aeaa to slaUijlit^r a black

kid ®«d to saake &im aip its Jjlood. Till# wa» acoordiBiSly

d0Q0 for da/a« on tfi« foitirtli da/ & bl&olc soab

aia%:s}:it«»red. The/ laade him sip its bXocii aa ueoal tiiiid b©».

a:acar®d hio i'ao® »X.m with it, ihua on %iie Souxth da,/ h&

ooian, to S’ook th.« of his motiisr* 'Tpon tiiia it waa i*e -

i'iGS’j'.ed tris.t 'ghrnn he would, cojao to power h& wo aid taka delight

iii rm^lonitly Blieddiriti bioofi* This did ha ii nn as it to aid

’«'! 'bni iiakir -/iTT gag© 49,*■£ Historians d iffe r aa to the /®ax of tli® birth of t'ajjsj

Aaakir writas tiie jeer 39, 40 ©aid. 41, T<»cyclop®dia of lalaci aacri'bea to it t;"*© yeer 4|* ?til>tyri, i^iioh aema to l»e 'oetter authority tiian eithsr of these ascribes to it til® /aar 42,{'?al>ari 'H 16}

'6 Kbii ’ .^sudi Y p a^ r.iB,

1M» MMiB da tiiat iiiioX« r9iga of Hiy^aj vm& ataintd

with uzii>3Ni9«d«aM d*«AS of 6ru»Xty« Notliiag oo)U.d ebeek

h i» f«reeity aM thirst for ^ldo4-'8ii«d, wMoli

«ntail«d amh auftariag upon th« p«op]l«, Thm t0rril>le blood-

ah*d with ^AMi««eiat»4^luui bmidad^hia nmam to am »a

oa« of H« atandff in tba mmttla of

i»lam ma tJm Xmtntmtim of onm lty,

did m t poaa0aa ^o4 looka, H« had

d#f«9iiT« 0ymt with ay^larawa alaaaly jo load, short fingors

aad ho«ra« roieo* *2 Ea attppod iato the

shoes of his father aad hie tajfaar aa a teaeher xa

Taif» the plaee i^ieh h« ose deatiaed to r is it ae aAQoMBMndar and Ok»T»ritor. A poet mamu Maiik hin Haihul Maami

vhom Ha44«J px*oeeettted and who fled a«ay in fear of

him ventilated his renos in the following Teraea t-

1. B# you think that the ener^ of HaJjaj w ill reach

me when we hare eroased the Hufair of Ziad ?

2. But for Banu Marwan, HaJjaj would hare been just

like tlie alare of Ayad.

3. There was a tiiM when he waa a l it t le l»etter than

a alare abiding in ohsaurity and looking after the boya of

the Tillable in erenxng and morning,

Hjaj4<M also knora aa B^aih aa another poet

r«aarks about him, :

2

■1 Tahsi^t Tahaibt ro l IT page 213 llurif IPage 202

*2, Bayan Vbl I page lo l.MubbarrAd pa0t 290*91.

i* lim KUlaio the oS iils aad his

0}m^t9T of Immaat '

2, f!e lm« to giiilMiiat on lo«vm« of D road tliia aliaout to

trani#K]p«ii9yt aov Im I)&« I oatm Xiict th« ^JlBiag soob«

»1 lime Puvaid «ritft» that nii«ii nui on his

d8ath*b«d h« »m t t&3t a » Mtrolagttr ask«d him to Xet

him loiow i f »air iral®r wtta to 4 i« th»t /oar* Th# fcstroioger

r«^Xi«d tl^t ft iPaX«3r mw to dl6 but ^ uma not hm tla js

a«j£«d Ilia to JLet him ka w th« of th® ra l«r . nim it

im» told that M » mmm wm» KaXmih he said, ” It i@ 120

oth«r man tbaxi ^js«X f niho was a ieashsr in ?iaf mA^kmmi

as K^al^,<^

Ha thm up his profftssioii &» a teaohar and Xeft

hie pXaoa to throw in his lot with the ifarwanids dyhasty

as his father had do&e« '*'£« Ha firs t est«irad lat^ the

sarrios of Boh toin Siwil»ah th€ prim ministar of tht Caliph

Abdta MaliJc ^in !iarwait as ottti of his fioantad atts^dasts.

H« soon attimotad ths Prims Miaistar's attentioa thara*

oaoa AMiiX i£M.ilc; atmplaitiad to liih ZisoilNih «#sin«t ths

alaoimass of disalplina i^ a h hs had vitaaasad in hia amy

in ra^trd to ths soldisrs* aois^l.iaBfla vith ths ordsrs qou -

esming th «lr halts aad laarehss^ Hoh hin Zasu^sh sog-iostsd

ths of i!aJ4«4t osa of his ttoimtsd attimdauts^ to

AM4I Malik sa/ia^ that hm ooaaidarad him ^tiita as|M^ls ofAjD

with thid 4iffiatU.t/ i f ha wtra Jai pat in «liarg« of

ths aijrau»itanoss faYoiir w$a of ^^nlm m&d. tortmn

bsfrlends him AMt&l ilaliift asaatiossd his

5

Ha4Ja4 sig^alisad his antry into the officettSr»

hy flogging ths aammta of his patvoiM sat ting hia tsnt^

on firs « fhs runa thus s->

ikdol Farid Vol Tf part I, pags 134,

Ishti^aq pags

»1 fh«n daattt to this office no body diu ed to go

ftgalnst ki8 07d«r «aui«pt acrramts of Roll ZiiilNili* m

on9< «topp«4 by t&Mi wlitn they lingered be&iad to tiOEe tiieir

BiMle a f i « r tliey 2md ¥een eMex«d to mareb out*

%hm to esig JLAiA eliar t2iey Iwd aot et«rte4 IxamediatAiy.

made iight of it end (Mlcid iiiM aXeo to partake of tbeir eluier*

HaJJaJ wae great^aimoyed at this , He ordered then to be

flogged and their tente to ^ Isnraed, Roh ^in Ziailiah e«»e

to AMu.1 Malik and toXd him that l^ 4 a j» who was onee mmng

his attendahte^had f lo g i^ hie men and had humed his tanta*

AMuI Malik then sent for Hajja^ and took hia to taak for

thiis trMitment of Boh Mn Zi«iMih« HaJJaj denied a l l :iM) r»oaia

reeponaihiXitiea for ehat he had done and attributed it to

the CaXijp hiAteelf t saying that his hand «as the hand of the

Calij^ aM his ehip was the CaXiph*s own i^ip* He add^

that the eonaaMer of the faithful ou^t to have s«ttt tvo

sXares and tvo tents instead of one to Hoh hin Za»b«h hut

he ought not to have taken hin to task for ehat he had done.

Hajjaj then departed and AhdoX MaXik sade good to the lossesm

of Roh hin Zimhah. This shoved hov HajJ&J oouXd/foroe Mm

diseipXine i^ioh Xed to the iaoreased faith in hia on the

part of the OaXij^« AhdiiX HaXik i^oXd he considered tiui

most favotired son of fartuse in haring eoae upon sueh an

inTaXuahXe^^4iail« a man of extra-ordinary eourage and a jhoX -

tioian of anper ior ehserver of the poXitioaX tiaeAit would he oWious that ^ rants and faetions vhieh were

raapant throughout the i^X e Arabia foreboded a dangerous

oareer for Abdul MaXik and it shaXX be seen Xater on that

Hajja^ was the man who puXXed the tottering edifies of the

<to»yad’ s dymsty,/***^

*2. In the year 71 A.H, at the tiae of piXgriaage four

standards were dispXaysd at Arafat beXonging to four different

4

♦1 IkduX Farid VoX II part I page*2 History of the Saraoen page 94

• ^ - ••

p9Wtr« mm MBllk l»in AbduXX«h Tain Ziilmirthm KM rJ it#9 wad Mdluuanad Xl»ml Hanlfa* »1 la i emq, and

M«so]^ot«ai« HoMMld bin tb« goTovaor and of

A1»diai« l»i» Z^lmiT imd alrtady •stabXishttd hid peaitiett *

aftar kilXiag graat laad«r of Shwarjitaa. AbduX

iiaXlk after eo»aoXid»tias him poaXtioa ia Daaaaauas Xsunaltad

upoa Vi9 sXan of empalga a«aiast hia aa«B3^ »s ^ firs t

\>xll»ad t&a pao^Xa of lra% aand i&a£eb.ad against Eiifa« B^4a4

vmM aXao vit^ him ia tiiia aoiaipai^ ^i&h aas croaaad witii

attee«aa« 7Ma i^auXtad In tha daath of Musaii» biii Z a ^ r

and tha aon^ioaat of Irat# AMiiX MaXilc then toraad hia

attantion toaarda patting an and to other rir&Xa, *3 Whan

h« thought of ratuming to 3 ^ in Hajjfly •ama to hiM and vo-

Xuataar«d hia aajnriaaa for tha axs^adition againat AbduXXa

bin Zul»»ir aa ha had draami that ha had arraatad and fXa^Wd

hiau A^^X ilaXlk aoo«dad to hia ra^uaat aa ha r«Xl«d on

him vi'Ux absoXuita cartaintyt Ha inraatad hia with 41 aa rttMt

oomaand of tha tag tliouaand atrang Syriaa army* Ha atarUid

against AMuXXa bin Zahair and raaehad aa far aa Talf withoat

opi^aition and a«t ap hia oampi thara. AhdUnX HaXili givwm him

a Xattar to Ilima Zoimir granting him aafaty of Xifa in eaaa

ha voaXd aulMit to him. From Taif HaJJal forwardad thia

Xattar to Ihna Zalmir aho daoXinad tha offar. DaauXtory

aJcimiahaa took pXiM a in aliieh HajJa4 ^ t tha appar hand .

HajJaJ than deapatehad a Xattar to AImIuX Malik writing tharain

tliat lima £uhair*a powar waa daily decreasing and that hia

many foXXowars had daaarted hi®. *4, In that vary Xetter

ha had tha hardihood of yaking tho CaXiph*a pamiasion to

lay sMg* to tha ai^rad ”Hoaaa of God* and aaJM for rain-

foroami«at for that purposa, A'oduX MaXik grantad tha raquirad

#1 iWa EhaXdtm'' VoX' It l |«ge 30 «2 Xhna KHaXdm VoX II I pagS 54

Tahari VoX m page 195 ♦4, AnaabaX Aahraf 7ol XI page 42

p«a«iil8Bioii and wrote to TariQ l»in Tteer to proo««4 to th«

help of H&jjoj with a l l thm troop» timt lie iiAd »t him diapoaai,

Tari^ Mn ubrjp witH 5000 mm to r«ia fore# Eiy4 aj* # i

After oldtainlng p«mi0siefii oXoe# «SfaH th# mnth of piX^ljna|;e

started f r ^ Taif and haltins &t t&« v « l l e f

besieged ibne in the aontb of Zeeicad 72 4«H« Tarit

arrlYed at Meeea ia tiie laoatli of zilM gga tent he aeitiier

perfomed the auMiHaiiHi' eixwiiit of the Kouae m r prared tonvrda

klbla. Hsy4aJ i » »* ld to haTe perfoxned pilgrimage witlj Hie

people thie ^ a r , SaMld bict Muslim bia Baliak* • father ibo

was an eye-wltoees to the 999m deaerlbed the oonditioii thusf

*2 *» «we thrae eateired Meooa from the upper part of it

and foaad the people of HaJJaj and Tariq hetwees Hajtoi and

well of Maiaon. fe weat rouad Baiti4llah.*Hoaae ef Ckid" Sad^

and Marwa. Ha4a<M »lao performed pil^iiaage thie year with

the people, i oaee eaer him etaMlo^ on the hilloa^ of iirafat

oa a horee haek with a eoat of m i l and helset oa his at that

time. Hie oompa»ioas e^ire alao armed. He then proceeded on

and I aarlced him go log mm ismik towards the well of Maiiiaioon

without go ins i d xnd the Houee. There was quite a lar^e supply

of proTieion with the heleaguared anty. 1 found then a ll

(|Uite well fed and wkv the easMle bringing proriaion from

Syria, Some of th«a eold to ua biaouite for a dirfewa"

HajjaJ neither heeitated nor ecruplad in -riolating

the eaoredness of Baitullah by tatting up the eatai>alta on

the surrounding h e i^ ta of Abu qubaie and aiming them at

Baitullah"the Houae of a©d" ] *3, It is eaid that ae the

oatapulte opened their ahota Heaven thundered with a terrible

roar, Thi» frightened the Syriana eo mueh^^ymt they etroYe

6

♦1 Tabri Vol YII p. 195.»2 Do 2>0^3, ibae Athir to l tv p. 191,

to atop lihootiiig, Hajj84 then tom eqaaX tu the ocoasion;

h0 T«ry cooll/ ’ &gm to elioot at laitoa. with k i» omi liand

aad persuaded hi# ai^ to do tlie Bmsm Heavsn wmt on tluia—

derlQg aiid tlis 12 mm &t 3yria& Amy were etmolc with l is t e n

ing. The 3yx*iaiis wmem too attsii de^eeti^ and eaat do«n»

diit Ha4ia4 elMer^d ^ l a \ip ^ith hla aubtXe arg oiMaite that

wheu Baau IsajPael itaed te o ffer tlieir saorifiee i f fire

apx^sared from alJOTe axid aie it a*i t^ey Tjeoame »ure that their

»acrifioe was aaeepted otherwise ^at. He assured thm thatA.it ime quite augury for the Tiotory a^d that tomorrow theAenemies would suffer the worst fate. isaerutaMe are the

ways of God, next day tha atoim returned apkln and thetfUt-

thunderbolt f e l l oa the eame nuaher of soldlera of AbdullahA

bin Zubair, HaJ4<M then assured hie soldiers that they

were fighting for the ri^sht imile his enemies were quit#

away from it, *2 A long-drawn out blookade was established

and it was pushed on for about 0 months and 17 days. AMullah

bin Zubair offered a stubborn resistance but he oould not }i

hold out against sueh heaty odds and persisteney of llajjaj*

The garrisji^on suffered extremes of wants and gave up a ll

hopes* ^ en the sii^e was pressed with great Tigour the

followers of Abdullah bin F.ubair beg;an to Join his eneniies.

Things oaiae to such pass that even two of his sons Khubeb

and Hedza went over to Idtie side of Hajjaj, HUs f i lle d the

oup of his ealaalty to the bria end he lost luiart, When he

found that such tireatj ient was meet«d out to hiM by his faith­

less relatlTes and companions he was a l it t le tempted to

gire in, *3, He consulted his mother Assm daui^ter of

Abu Baker w io was IOC years old, kmm like a galliust Arab

lady eadaorted him thus s —

^1 ibae Askir IT p, 50 ♦2*TaI»ri TTol VII p, 202*3, Tabari Vol VII p. 202

« Oh 3oil» W thiaic oT#r it your8«if. I f you ar«

ooaooi(»m» of SHppertiag t2i« right ^ y o a Qtbwa to

aiipport it also, fluali Ie#e9 to it* Mac/ of /our friOBds

hAT« d i«t for it , 0MB«riA*8 oliil4r«ii •hotas aat

play witH your nm K I f y«a y«attiir« worXAly ^ ia * , you ar«

©•rtaialy %hm wQv»f «laT** fkm yeu w iil not «aly a?oi»

yourB«Xf teat tlu»»« also ifeo haTO aXroady diad for yoo. It

dooa not l>«hoTa a fraa aaa and a tro« M ia r a r to ^aiiara in

a cowardly way ^ a ! » »o your oospaaioaa dasaartad you.

loogeir do you axpaet to Xiva la tM s world ? To dia a aoldior*8

daath ia aoirtaialy ^ t ta r * « Aodmllah bia 2tt)»al3r atoopad

forward aad aftar kisslag liar ]a.aad aaid, * mi8 ia i ^ t I

thought ayaalf# I aarar raliad oa thia world aor hara I got

a loTO for ay i i fa , Hotiiiag aaade aa taika up ar»a, but fear

of God to safaguard the aaaotity o f Haraa, I oaly waatad to

oonouXt yoU( you havo oarialaly atraagthaaad ay raaolutioa

Oy your aobla mirdaS 3o aayiag ha pat oa the axaour asd

ruohad iato tha flg^t prefarlag daath to diahoaour, Ha fa l l

figiitiag in 73 A*H, Hl« haad with thosa of hia followara

was diaplayad ia Madiaa aad th«i wt a aaat to Abdul Ualik ia

Baaaooaa. w$m aot tha aaa wlio for the aake of aara

twiagaa of ooaaaiaasa aould hare spared hia f a l l « i foa from

gross b^iaviouv, l^Ja^ aj»bt»idad 7aYiq ^ary aaoh for

praiaiag tha ffMmamimn of tha Oalii^ whoa tha lattar raaarkod

»1. « lo w Maaa a^ar brought forth aa«h a Tirtuoaa ohild/^

Ha ix^palad tha body of ibaa 2 u ^ ir oa a gibbat at Maoaa« Ha

aaesMid to hara ao araapaotful faaliag for tha daad* Thia

ahowad Ha4J«4 ia a rary ynqtiRemaat l i ^ t ai»i aaat tha foulas#

ahadow oa hia mmmvy, ' ?haa Abdal Mallik oa»o to koow of it

he r«Bioaatratad wtth him for auoh aiabi^Tiour aad bada him

giro the body at ap to Aana i^ a a loTiag hand ooiuiigaad hia

to the graTO,

8

Ebai^♦1 ib a ^ t h i r Vol* IV. page 193

Hajjftj vi»«d i>oisoB«d sptnro in th« a i«g « of M«coa.

AMuXIa^ TTm>n? r«e«iT«A umM ia4ori«a from thisft and

died m & lewalt « f tho»« ia|iurie»i thm HaJjaJ w«nt to

9« « hla OB distil 1M, and «s2c«d iiim the cauisd of his

&• r « fU »d , « Ton tit* ojy.»f 0rnum of my aila«at,

you »X l9W ^ Hi9 us* of mmh amm m» were ner*3? us*d ^cfoir*#*

*2 Ha4j*4 ftfttr tli* d«ath of JtMullali %ln f.utoair w*at to

A«Bsa • She rdproaBhvd h l« Mylag that th« pros^t*a pr«di9~

tioa that out of t^e fimily of would e«i&a a& iapost^x*

aad a Imt liasr liad 1i«*a pvoT«d« ilulchtar «aa m imposter,

and as for th« 1mtoh«r h« was no othsr than hjaself*

9

♦ I. Ikdul I^arid 7ol II part I pa^« 245.

» 2, lime Asakir Voi, If , pe^« 50

*1

10

aiiaptei' II.

Witli the deatii of Abdulla 3iit Zabair, tlie Xasit

ib«r 0f v«al8t«a«« was permanently eittiiiguish«<i

Th# rmorml df this hostile «l«m«Bt told T«ry favoi*rably

on the progress of OoBUiyad* s arms, Henoeforth it would

be men tiiat HajJaj TmmXned & r«soarlcably eonapiouou@

figur® tiiroi»g|iiout Vm r«ign of Abdul Malik bis iJararaB,

He4J&4 «iit«r0d iceeea afterwards and exaeted frost

th# people pledge of loyalty to the Caliph, * i vheo Hajjaj

eame to know that the people of Ueeca were fille d with

:^rief at the death of Abdullah bin Zubair» he ordered

tJri®a to asaeiible in the moa%ue. Tvlien the people were

ass«Babl@d there, he asoended the pulpit and told them that

he was not quite unaware of the grief that had oome to

theia owing to the death of Abdullah bin Zubaiar, who -mu

certainly onti of the noble and pioua followers of Tod

aa long as he did not / coTet the Caliphate and made the

people fig^t for it . Ke had thus disobeyed God and i f

the sinners eould ha.Te eeieaped punishment, AdaM would not

have been turned out of paradise. Ood aaade him with his

own hands and blew his breath into him, and mn e the agnels

prostrate before him. He held him in high esteem, but the

moment he i^ied against His w ill He turned h i« out of para­

dise. Adam was UBquestiooably held in greater esteesa by

aod than Ibne Zubalr and paradise is certainly greater than

K&iaa.* Vith these subtle arguments he pacified tiui feelings

of the people. *2 lay^aj . as firs t made the Qovemor of

Tabala in ?aaan, HajJaJ extremely despised it beeause

it ms too seaall for the display of his sreat energy and

administratiYe power , The phrase (»ojpe

despising than Tabala to iTajjaj) has passed into tiae proTerb#

*1 Ibne Asakir Vol TV p 50 ''■£ !lttarif p. 20S.

me iihortXj after entrusted tlie fXoTercoreto.ii» at

tmmBf tmsm aaci M«oq&. AbduO.1 lislilt wrote to him

orderiag; Iiim to rctbuild icaba and Hsr«» meaqtw, Aoaordinglj

tiie dQ&trojer sow iuod«rto9k the taak of rebaildiai it , the

iitoaes dlB<3h&]pg0d from tli# eatspulta during the aie^ e siMo

0i*ftdlc0 in the wmll. He levelled Ktel>a to the groimii and re •

built i t aocordlUii: to tiie shape which q,ursBh gsVd to It ,

and rmiar&d a l l stoaea thereof* In pre-lslaalo time the

cover eoaaisted of pieoea of leather aim ir eloth. The

proiJhet oovered it with fSemlte cloth, Owiar Mo 'JthaaB

oovered it with ooptXc eioth. Taald bin ituaj^ah eiothed

it \tith Alkhusrawni silk* After ■’''a«id #,Mulled bin ^ulwiir

eoid, Hajjad both clethe# it with silk.

«'£, AM alla bin aaarried hie deughter to

i!ajje4 fi' t he ooiild not ^ into his wife, At tl.i© iaatigation

of !‘3'ilid bin Te.aid Abdul T.iallk wrote to to divorce

her au he did s.ot approve of his coatrsctiHtj aoy relatioia

with th&t fm ili ’-. llajjaj was accordin^l/ compelled to do

m, ite^ina waa also shortly after added to theil» proviiicee

i ^ e r E&jjaj. *'d. -rhmi !!ajjaj wa® on hi© to tl&diim,

lie met on old mass from that direotion. Hey^aj called

otit that laan to hin ejad aaked hiia whether 1ms belonged to

’^adiaa, fJpoa settin^^ the reply in the affim ative, he ques­

tioned him aboiit the ocsodition of TIadina, Tlie old man replied

tlmt it ms worse than the calaiait/ •s' iioh had fjallea on th sa

b./ the death of thetx friend of prophet, 8iiEXBSaebaeaai HaJJi

aaked him a» to who killed the friend of the prophet , The

old Sian replied , **'?he ©inner and ouraed Hsyjaj, aayUrO~it

.'?od curse him also** HaJJaj Buiah vexed at it , and luaked hia

what tm,md him ao jaach, »Thia ©Tent'% replied tlie old man,

"teased me much , Kay lod tease Tajjaj and diegraee hi®*^

11 '

■ a.tiihul Baldim p, 54 • 2 Ibne Aaifckir Vol VI p* 51,*3 Tbne A,8aklr "/ol ’T p* 65.

IJ:I!ajja4 aaked iiiia wiietUer he woaid r©cy,^aiae Uiii (Hajja) in

c&jno he ii&i yemd to a@© hin . 'ilie ola ima replied, »l kmw (A j/Y )

him, tm^ Q-od BC-rer laeet bM with hiB kindniiB& aad ao/ ??«

never m,T9 him fx-o® diagi^«,** Hajjaj th«n x^oved the veil

from hi& rmt&rking Umt thm old mn would reooguie#

iaiia miun hio wouM mmd hi» ~ Iood« th« old mm

sore of his d«ath, he to talk la&dly a»d a»id,** if 1

iaaew it w®re you, I aiiouid aot lia.T« t&Uciwi with you of tear

this i am M»'m» Qin nur» itho {^ t» f i t fiva timed

in a, da/,** tlien dimiseed kiM o ff.

♦1 i^Ja,! ftft«r arriving at Madina i«id other ausli®

oaadtuary> daoouiiead loto in very groas tama city in

wi io}2 iJmmn imd istmm lauMared, He oiiarg»d ttxa p«K>i/Xe irltli

Uxe mrd«j? of Utli»aii and ri»pzt>aaliad thm very mooh for thi0

Inhuinatte &ot o>f th«irs. He t reiided tl ie oompaniocs of tlie

X ropliet with tlie sarka uaed for aubjaot raee-^Ziimi, AMullnJi «

a in Xuteir axkd Anas bin ?.!aXik we3 e al^o mmtks t^o^e ka&

broxidttd* This was aisi^Xy aeant to io^ult tlim. Uow tb e

reisa of tarror in iCi^ina aI»o« ^Tajjaj wm% out

cs ahuntlzicl irtm ifadina. Ho mat an Aral), vme gmsin^ hia

osui lsi* le v/ent to tha Arat» aod aaked liim. niiat opinion h®

haa of tJie Amir of that ^la^e i,©, --eyja^ himaeif. The Arab

replied, •»!la/ aad destroy iai^u He ie a orueX tyrant*** Ilajjaj

Bilked him «iiy tii©/ did not c>3aii>iain &fjairiat him to Abdul -

'lalii:* Araii replied that he wa» more eruel and a tyrent

of worse type t jisjrt Heg j e j . In the saeatitiiae, liie attendants

reaahed there, 'fhe Arao aeked %km tiie name of the mm

witii wliom iie had been ©n^jed in talicin^, T.hen he me told

ti-at it me TTajjaj, he drove hie aniEiala to him and cried

out, ** Oh ’taaJaJ# -airier© isj tiie secret oetween yourself and

myaelf ©ad I want it sJru-)ulcl ramin undisolosed»* Courageou*

Itoe Athir -lol IV jj, 174 ȣ Ikdiil ?arld Tol part I ' p, 3CC

HaJjaj, who sometiaies appreciated courage in otliers also,

laa^ed at tills and l « f t iiim uainol«0t«d .*13ajja j stopped in

l!adina for about 3 moQths. There aXeo he eomnitted a ll

igmaners of esceeeii. Hit orueXty had alvni/s some redeemiag

features in it . He ^uiXt a moeque in Baimii suXaima. *2 During

his stay in Madina he reoelTed the news of his father’ a death

ehioh he annouiMted on the pulpit there, He saade friends

with Ibrahim bxn llohemad bin Talha, v/hose position he raised

very mush. He onee toolc him to Abdul Maliic , when he Qmm

into the presenee of CaXip^, the firs t thing «^ieh he did

wae the introduetion of Ibrahim to him in the following tezstst*

«X imre brought to you a man of Hijas* who le matehlese in

his attainaeats, good manners, noble parentage^ in obaerring

the ties of relation and telling the truth, I found him quite

up to the mark in obedienee and "firing sound adrioe, I hare

brou^t him to your door so that you might also icnow some of

that whieh I found in hisM? Abdul Malik ordered his alare to

usher him into his pres«nee. imen he came to Abdul Halik^ he

made him sit by him and told him a ll that HajjaJ had said

about him. *0h Oommander of the fa ith fu l,” said Ibrahim,*the

f irs t thing ^ ie h I deem my duty to say is that whieh w ill

please CJod> His prophet and yourself. It is a pieee of adTice

to you in the interest of the Muslima, I ean not renture to

say it to you unless you and I be alone,■ Abdul Malik asked

Hajjaj to go out and to wait t i l l the eurtain fe l l down,

®ien the Caliph was alone with Ibrahim, he asked him to let

him Imow what he wanted to aay to him, “You hare intended",

said Ibrahim,"to support the haughtiness and rashness of

his 3oinj astray from the right path and approaehing the wrong

one, by appointing him the goremor erer Hezmain, #iere lire

MuhasiM, ^ s a re , and llaigkliea. He oruahed tlxem, diagraeed

13

*1 Tabari Yol VII page,»2 Muarif page^3 IJcdul Farid rol I part I pa^e 199,

tixm and 3mX«d Uim. in a aft^v ho liad sOied %tm

l>iodd of najsyr &t jou think timt Uii& w ill aot

la y&we w tomrmw ^ tm m yonar d@4 « yQm»9lf„ mA tho

laiet, «ho»« f«»lloiNivs yott a«d« him with

93meitl«8 f . By G&d wlXX m i he »ttt free Ui«r« u»a.«Ba

yo\A show 0«go&t z MMdaft« Biiak ovuv It and g ir « i t ta , «• St«M

dp” AMia m&Uk mJLA t& IOa» '*3rm oir« a iiaar iMid m t «* it9r ,

HaJ4«J tl3i0iiglit of yoa wt&i you m m sot, H« fo2«wd a M#]i &pini&a of & mm f is^ l 0 m t vmU.ly imrthy of it* In tlitf aMuaatiat

%km Qnxt&in t9 ll dU>«n aM & ala-rt ii^paared th« Calipli

t0 ij^rieon Xtn'iOi.im* !Ca4J«J was tim oondu^tad in^m

pmXon^A l2iB atajr ittWi tm a l.»ag tima « it l2 ^ a CaXlpiit

Ibzahim tk94i^t timt iui Bamt iUKra iNien talkiiia; alsout iklxa« iiaaa**

n&iXa a dlava aas» to oonAmt I'bomiadLto a ^ in Into oui

of t£i« Caliph il3«m oiAStaJUi vim uLp« 23 «Maiit Qoniiis

out* i^4$4 lelaaa<l tiiis iMitnaaii hi& a raa ai:i4 aal4,” Warn dfo4

w ill 3T««ar<l tlia paaaa makeira fox' tliair good daa4a> sitdr ha eonfe?

you t&a baat re iMPda &n my W ‘3o<i i f i live, I

shall m im yowe ayaa, you3?\]t l)a, aad shall mke tha paopl«

follow th«» att«»l»lijsg of your faat«^ Hurahim thott#it that ha '»aa

aiiai»ly ^okiu$ with him* %hfl» i^vahia amm into tha praaa&oa of

tha Cali]^ , ha oade him s it ia hid SotmKe plaaa and «iU4t*6h

Ibrahim, 9«sBial»ody 99mm to haira eoma^ lrad with you to adviao » i

tliiMi** "Oh OmmmAmf of tha FalthfiUt^aald Ibrahl®,**hy c?od I

know notiodr# had hia hand i& thia adTiaa» now 4$ I l£Xiaw mxy

^ tjraatau m mara Madly than M&44e4« i f 1 nhould imm

m^T ooisiidttad aia tdT woirldly i ^otild hav« do&a thia

tor HajjaJ oaly» hut i praf«rred ciadg Hiii prophet and the

:;|i4»liffl» t® R64^a3*" • ! Saaow » aaid tha Calijaii"that ym d®

iK>t waiat m xM ly gai&« haoamaa i f you hara wantad tham^yoii

00iild hava got than a l l firaai nM4i>4> yom i>rafawpad

snd tha lamtt mvl$. to him* I hava dimU.aaad HaJJa4 H m ai»

Ijatsaaaa yait did not lika g© w »«o »^ ip th«r«* I told hia

^(^t you i*aqu«at<iKi m« ta diaaharga him firaia n&xm.in to gir«»

iri(J«p©nd©»oa to thea© plaaaa* I ©o»aa(iU!eiitly ©ppoijatad him

14

the of Ivmq a ffa ira d€eaan4«4 aoeli &

stroois to tiMUi ri^t. 1 &l«o toJl4 that jroa reqa««t9d a i to aj^polat him there 1%/ oi i

ftisoply did it lu V0tim for th<i adYio« mtoiah yaa spare a««

iTov you witii Mm without aay reproaeh fsrcm Ma**

* i In the year 75 A.H, the Caliph*» brother Blafar bin

i^a3n»«a» uto «a« the ^Tertior ef Ijrdq breathed hie laet*

Ir«4 vtffi.li ooiieidevvd to |}« the nm&t falthleee preyinee ot the

OmmytuX* $ k in^te . Its ineoneieteiiAy hm ^eeoBie pr9verbiaX«

ir the hieto3?y of ira^ lie laimtel/ atodied, it wqvLLA 1m

found that th«/ had alwaye heliaved treaoheroiiaaLy. AZ JTaaati

at tl-ie time of hia departure from Kufa reiaarkii» ** They are

a raee in wiiom m truat couid lie repoaed^ and liie had &et~

parpoee aeitiier for evil aor fe r so<xi** Haichtar eheaoit-vkvt

queatioaed y>y iM e SulMir remarked * They are eaemin^yA

friexula, l>ut reaXly eneiaiee,** They i>ere the i>eoi>Xet who

eoaietimea haoi: had deserted tiieir governor itttaaih hin 2u^>air

and gone over to Ab^UU "lallk bin iJUurwwQ, *3 Oiiee the Galiph

O aar waa highly enraged vlien he omae to ka&v that the people

of Xra4 atoned hie geveamor to death. He ordered the 3yri.a&e

to prepare egaiiwt after flnleiilng the pwayera

prayed to (5od th»« t* « Oh Ghsd tliey have beimved

ly with me, aa i>ay ^em in the eas^ eoihy mid aexid aeon ever

them a boy of faiEhif tribe» m i^t role them 4<iBt after

the faahion of the time of Ipiereoee* He immld neither

aeoept their good deeda nor pardea th «lr fwollui,** The eaiee

rismrl: had Hem attributed t# Aii » who ie aaid to have

mffiationed mm® ot the ehoriMiteriiitioe of tliie boji a l » . i « e «

a youjies vmxip \idto were long oloaic» dug eazdifala and tmbk atewerei

their vegetabl«e« Easan of Baam remarlced that theee

the ohief eimraoteriatiea ef I^Ja4 oniy •

15

*1Tabari II »• SJS0,

* 5 Ibae AaaJcir Vol IV p» Ifg*

After til© doatli of 3i«ii,r bin iCarwEiH laMqima mmor6-e*v-

he had a«zit to imX was in flg&tlngA

witii the l»Bxkit9& )»jrauao!i of £3»R&ri4 b«gaii to

u&u&X^in@plt« of hiB rmxamtvBmmm AMul M&Iik fe lt tlmt

a strong p«s>9oiuiiity 11J£« SaynsL utidiiv IroQ h«sX» lanaq

had fklrimdy gi^wo^tor a loiog tiae, needed to eux% the

»p rit of th i» m4. pr«wi»«e* *1 AMid Halilt

o«m« to Itla CQ3»|HMcxlon aod aaked th«m islio noviXd liJee to t&ke

ovar the ciiBrg© of tSae p3miri»e« of A ll fe»tt silen£s*

toat stood up and said that im would har« it , Abdui

llsliJc a^ked him to 9it md rep«e,t«d t ^ (iU«&tlon but a ll

asi^ln k&pt slleiiM except Hsyjaj, who did m befor«, Abdul

}|»lik &^in l>ad« liim s it and tHe ^ue&tioin for the

tiiird tlafct, l>ut aobod/ i^loateortd hie aerrioee ior timt

ea&0ttj>t Haj^aj, AMul ’Sailii thea wjrots tii® ordsr

oi hi & &ppoxntm«nt ti3J»S9^xmektkln tlmt mm thi Ii4m of it.

16

■♦1 llaauidi YoX T p, 291

1?Chapter Itr

The enrioua Ia he watered Kui& tm » 0f9vermr

qS lirsbQ &Xm tlumim mm» U ^% m lue ooMxm^ aM braT«x^«

nm m% ©ut JFrga iSitAiwrn with a mmll mmn»«ir of 12 iMiaat«4

•»e<»x*t sad rMuih^d Sofa toy foro«d aaroh«» early in th«

momlnii* ll« entered tha m 9<^ itusr* p«oplo « « r « &»««Bailiiig

Cor tlie aad m m tins tihtt palplt a&t down with M «

f«o « miifl'Xed in a red tar1)«u Holiody eould r«9og&iii« hin,

Soffitt took him tuT & S^w jitcand took up »t<me8 to fXlixg

» t h<xm.t m «n tiiC JOopI* bim h« d «X it«z^

hl0 'm ix kxmmi liistorieai e^^eel^ sliioh Qp«iMid vitli the

aoupiet

( l m& QUA* di»p0l\& th« d&rioMf»» ^ d oiinJ»s i«p t^« p«ako

of tile muntftiiw when X ehaXX i^t o ff m turbM, you wiU

reoo^siaw » « ," )♦ £ In thio speech» ^lioh mo fuXi of threats

and fitry tm i*p^»Bided fc&e oity* mmii iov M » treaefcwwpy azid

shosr«r«il toxreute of aliosee on the laki£LUi%mnt& He om^meed

%hi» dity to a oity a^u t ii^Ueii ^ d mentioned in hie Holy

Book, «*5 "A eity, m s enjoyiag a g * ^ t deal of happi-

neaa and licroapexitiy, proirleioa itaed to come to it from ereary

qiuuFtmpf ^ t «dieti ite ^ eopXe turned ungTatefuX to clod, He

made Wmi euffer i^uo^a of husger and fo&r ae a pimiiamieiit

fo r Wiat they iiad done* He told t i®s tlmt iio knew a ll aJ»out

their deaartion of ilolialla^ a&d tiieir retoam to the eity.

He mxnM tli im ewearing lOmt i f tiiey did not depart wittiis

5 da/e to join the axw of Tietuaial>, he would alay erery

man wliom he woiild find in tiie city eftexr tiixee daya. He

arde*«d tlie eJiief of tha eorpemtio» to keep the ®ate of lirid^e op«a day aiid ni#it for three daya to faaeilitate

tiie (i«|»rture of the people from the city*^4'?here ia another

epec^ which lie is aaid to have delivered at thia tiise. This

*% ifeee A'tbir ?ol W 'Anaahul ks&mit V o l ^ , p* 267

- 3 1)0 Bo So 26©■ 4..vita lHil .liaaiaat Wa» Siya^stt p.ES

ruas tarns *- " of the ir’aitiifui h mappalat«d m« ov®r yoiir eitx«a aa aoremor. H# haa ord«x*td

m« to do to tJaii appx‘«»3«d and to puais^ the oppr«

»9or, Thm slioiild b« r«««M ed » l»ad sliouXd be ^m U

a^»«d, X slisiLX mJoi y<»u kla* and would b« 1»o«md to

Mm, For this I «x|Hiet rciard trm God, *nd g0«d t«xms

Smm th* Caiipii« X wii^ to imiorm you thAt at tiae of

jay appdintmait, 2ie gu«rd«d vith tvo swordVf om of m m y

and other of puyaiciattoiit. mo mrord of mtroy fttJHon

doim from mo in tho lAiiXo the eword of ptmielimfnt is

herewith wm, «1. Hiyja^ thoB oosBsaJidod tho roooript of

tlio oa iph to Ho r««d oiiit XouAXy to th« p«opX« A»o«e^led

there, 7h« latter Mpui with the greotlags vhi<^ rttnaiaed

uar«9pon(le4« B^4iM w m auoh / rexed at it» a»d ordejred

the reader to atop ri^iarJcias *Ie it oom& to tixat you respond

not to the gr«etiags of the Caliph ? I ahaXI teaoh you oooa

how to mend your mye*** He then ordered the reader to pro>

eeed on. The frin^tened people at oaoe joined la response

opeaee and blMieeing 1»e on the OaXiph *•

»2 On the third day, OaSfiCr hin Salil eiuae to

and requested his to send to the heXp of MohaXXab his son ^Anaa youiager axa stronger theoi h i^eX f. Hajimj asked

him as to who he «as« men Hiyja^ oaaie to kmw that it wb»

Usiair liin he said, *Are you not the samnjim& t «ho

fought vith ^ e eoaaaader of the ?aithfuX Uiaaan, •

2a&i replied, tiiat he did that 'aeoause UthiBan h«d iiaprisoned

his oXd father, Ha4JaJ aeiced hiju tiSiether he van the nan.

who aadd

( I thought hut I oouid m t de, i^uXd that i had le ft the

fsaaiXy of iJi aaa weeping over him*) »S Hajjaithea remarked

that ho imast Nsve him put to death, hoe&use in that he found

the bettexiEwnt of both the oities« He then ordered his

18

Ihne Athir ToX IV p. 183*2 AiOiraq VoX*3D. p. 271*■3 itmiHAthir ?ol P/ p. 184

guayd to ©lit o ff R©ol£, Tli© ojedej? ®as

o«a?s*i«d osit e©4 his property was co*if laoated, *1 soia#

»*;/ @4at Syi4 liia As^istt ma tlic- sieia, wiio infoi«®d

ll^ilaiy tiiat ilRHftir bin S«.1»i me one of thog e, i«ho took

p&yf in tm windw of tJtlaasm* sjpon wMeJa HaJ4m| rmmk^4.

iMum/ of S«4, wIa/ <3,id yow not &i»id /our #an in jouj* plei»e to ti0,% tli« Qmsma^ev of tUo Fatlii'ul. Vmmn,**

He ihm 0r4«X‘«d Ms to 1im» out off. *2 It wa» annoimoed tlad&t Dla 2;alil wa& foozid iingiixi&as behindon Vm third diyr after he tiad keaM Fjy4a|’a ox>der to

to tiie help Qf lleliallali vitMn tlar«@ de^&. H«nce his

nei»]£ ia%ii &tt « @ynd that iR aXd not l»« heXd »

l^i^ibXe bet@r© God for the l i f e of tJisoae «h® would wot

pirooeed to tJ-ie Ixei^ of Jloiiaileto tliat » i# it . ?Ji» &i%iMm&

thinking timt he would a6tui3fcil.y put his threate into

ex«eutXon etf^emaed the 'ba^id^ to join the

of &t0haiX»l> • v^m ilohallab heard niiat had done

after sreaehtas' HTufa he rsafastrked « A sioet euitahle ssan

ha» l>®e» appointed ti e ^ re v m r of imq,*

Xirmm ^ia lliigayaimh m his D e^tj in mS&., H®44iy left

for itiere he mlm people with ©.

g$od msay laireetiTee m he had d^ne in Eufa threate23»

iag thm td ^ to th« help of llohalXab* **4 fShaariH liaa®

^teral YAOhk&s l, isto wb0 eitfferijig fxt?m«?et*2c»f disl&mtion]

mqii&Bted t0 fee trm go is.; to Mohallafe

Umt Biahr Mu iSmmtn had al&o es^^ted liim ix*om it, rfe

also offered »mm m m y t# he stored ijt BaitiU Sal **

{ ^ a^ io treaeory) • . HaJJa4 he<^ te hie requeet

and ord«x>ed hia to be i^eaded* ?Me fri«|htened tiie people

eo W8h tli*t thej a l l floeked to &© help of ifQhaJLlal»,

1^0 «a « at that t i»e In Hem iiasmx*

X9

<•1 Aahr&q 7oi t i p ;>?4.»jg H M W If'”3 Iha© Atl^lr ?Dl p 184■“■>4 Afisha'ay.! A^iraf Vol'3PE’ 9*

i® to fee to® fira t laari., 'Aii-o

mm mSmmX ©f mr »«3fri®«« with d*otii,* S i^M myn tii&txn til# 0t Umum md turljiam of %h» mm,

r®fn8««l war Qmrriom im9d to he tskm of/is puMid.!liyMii¥ m& &#poi&t«d to th« goTejmovsMp li« Tcm& the of fen a

d«r*s imir e«d b«iu^ i^rmX oft^^ ieh m& mmmt

to « 3 ^ » « him to piibXie dtvision* Mmrm hiA Umxwuxi

'ommm h» yM«a to g«t suoh sorts of oii|g|irit

l>iiiio»«d and ou^&Ood I)/ wod«o« to tlie mO.I« @ tjm ^

ifigSa* hod ooneti^ee kis Imnds tom off and ecmitlMa itAin Mo d«6th,

«t Hii44iy &in»«if aaan^nd to m i p m i m i M m & nn ^bam tf&m feunmklm o ff fmim

Holmiajil}* H« instraetdd th« p«oplo to stay ttioro tilX

Uie mrnm?Jit09 mrm &Xto^thm‘ mmihilmt^^ M nmJjBj

h&d to roti£>« to .Bfupni, as liia troopo hoedod l>y l^o Jflumd, had mtinied »gai»0t him.* iftuiti edto 'luftiny as^inat hla, io said to Imt-o boeii tii« ttttttl»g dom of loo 4.itSimm Svm tHo 3tlp«ods of tho soldi era»

had hmm imrm&9& W Mosaili i u ^ r « AMoXii^i

^ia J«ir\4d o^ootod to it aayias that tha aboir« actioned

avm m,& not iA03r«a»@d lCuaail»» ^ t AMaX imXiM a&d M s

hVQthme Mmm liia Haaman ^ inoroasod it« Ha|4aJ paid

tm attojatioa to it« AMuXX»h Mn Jarud a ^ s aald, ”I

m«a« thi» to ^ teJcois !>:/ you as a pl«oo of adviea, th«

mmm i& tk@ oj^inio» of ot^iere thas B^stXf*** EaJJaJ kapt

ailamt a^ iii. After aom«tlsia Ha^jaJ itijpaln toualuMi

tlio mum topio aad aM jUIa )3>in .Tazud a ^ ia rapliad aa

oofoa^ot i t mm of no atail*

tWm Athtj* Voi I? ]^1S4 ' 2 iUaaa'otil Aaluraf 7ol l>l,p* 77

sac

2%

at tho way the wer« goio^

A^dxU.lah bitt ?<cyro<d up & eo^Qspireoj In ooiyutiotioQ

«ritli »aia«5 otli®3P timt ra llied roaad hJUa* 7iie

oanspixaioy th«,/ ]tot<ih«d Ukp ms simply mmmt to get

Fid of Ilmi4a4 frm. fo£xa«d » 4»»2>«3rat«

jftiaolutioii to tam out of larim aa the auaftAllsumt

of »tiF«ado iMkd py(Slotted li&te»ed e^ inet hiA« They firet

ad'Tleed X^e Jsymd to write to Abdul Gallic to appoint

sof^e other ^wwemr in h i» plm e In Iraq tk ^

woa.Id depose him« mey thought tliat Aisdul lialiJs i^uld

yield to their deemnd beoe «ee eei loi^ ae the Ihmurjitee

exiated in he 'oould be it.fjmid of them and would be

too iuwioue to win tiieir favour( ®»l«onteiit»* farour)*

ms also not wmx uimwaare of the plot that waa

belfi^ ^ve& about him* He fira t seeured the publle trea«ury»

and then begaa to thiadfc oT«f the Bitaatioa* Eajjaj had

no oth«r mao at t^is with him esccept ao@e of hie

fm dly and a few of hie I’arouritea* Findiag him^

eelf in suoh preeariouji eonditioti* he tried to eettle tlM

Qtatter amioably« He seat his meeaen^era to a m i )^ teeepa

but the rebels would not eare to aome to texna aM dioaaiaaad

the sttaenger o ff with hmseth voida* After wakim prepare «

tlo2Ui thoy raiaiMi the aiasdard of rerolt and mam upoa

KajjaJ uxiasmrea# They atta^^ked th« of Hey^aJ and tooli

away a ll that me tliere,

of thought of turaiag aiit Ha44aJ»

i&At one of th n eaid l ^ t he muet be put aa end te» other«»

wiae aone sf th«a a ii^ t see the aext iooraiii||« Ab Uaftlah bln

Jeonid p06t|>0Bed it aayixig that he would do away with Ha44a4

Aitaabul Aaraf V o lX l p. Ji81

^2 Tio -'O Bo p S82-S4

r>«">

next da/. Imw waij in ^cril. In saoh etr&i-tsnod cireacataacea, lie took council with Ufflasa bin Euti*n

aoa 2i»d bin AtM, the chief officer of tii« Poll©*,

Si ad adYiaed him to tseape to Abdul ;l£tii] whil® Uasuaja bin?;atoa advie«d him to st&j aod to aupprme tiie rQb«lIioii

er^n it it ao^t him M s ilfe » beeaoB« it would dm iigf his

a*epatation i f het rar; to Abdul HaiiiSt wbo hod siu^

opinion of hiKi tliat li« satraiated Mm with th« aisgs of

;£sasa '^1, riajjaj ms not really ths mmn to giTe way to

dispai? in e0aa®qu«iio# orio to shiink tm©k f im the thiok

of the battl# and dejrigsre* with iiis ijidoaitttbls aour^gs

he d60id#d to battle with th@ d iffiou lties and not to

abandoia Um $laQe in dZapsdr, He waii nsitJber ts r r lf iM

nor dismayed by tm hmry oMs arrayed against hia. Siiortly

after Maama with the news that h& had tak«» guarmtw

of the safst/ of his life from the rebels, Ha44«4 cried

out that h® ’arould not spar© any body onlsaa thsy hand

oT®r Hiiaail bin Ummi and Abdullah bis Haicam* In ths *

ifteaatms, acme of th@ followora of Abdullah iiin 9SkTUd •»

wars mn ovm by HaJ«|aJ and aoms dissatisfied with their

part/ went over to Uie side of HaaJaj, Ao&aXlMi bin J&rod c-

mkB Muuth p«UfpX@;xed at this and attacked !IaJja4* He was

Just on th# point of winning imttl© but ths fate stepped

in his wa^ end a ohanee arrow strucJc him and he fe l l dead

on the grouM, After the fa i l of tiieir leader, the power

of the rebel<iW^ siu&ttered and a l l thei? atteaptoproTi4

abortive* Hajjaj th ^ proolaiaed general ssmesty exoeptia^

Huaail and Ibne Hakasi .»3. *4, ni4ie4 sent the l^ead of

AbdtAlla ain Jarud together with 16 of hi® follewevs te

Mohsllab in order to serve a Imaon to the rebels and hiM»

aelf returned to Basra, The son of Aiiaa bin Malilc# a weil-

known eompanion of the x rophet also took part in this**#.

^ iMsaabul Afshraq 'foi i l p, £B5 ■•{•2 « « n 2Q€}•3 « « 2Bv

- A H f» , 1 , f'* s: S U .

$iSjmy#xx2B5qt iautiny. me not content arltla oonfia-

o»vi»g tJue piropert/ of the oulprit but tried to

the oiU‘d©n of tlie etrl&e on hia father’ s soidiers aXoo*

ir© ssiit far him f5fi,id, *♦ ;')h /.nua. siiail u| root you,

like tile uprooting; of the hair ou tho leg of the esBiei,

aiiu X shall atrikc on jaxir slroiX J aat as one mlaJit strike

oil gusi,'' Amm rexilied* *■ 1 tm feient Vij "’od and aiiallA

etoTE* But .-\ir ay asio.xi children, I wo aid ratlier be kilXod

tiian 08 present aetoi'& yua*” -Vo cca,”ic smd a p p e a l t o the

Calipli* ;ii8n ijdul Uaiix road letter, he waa beside

hiswfcir witli tit tu.4 aruolty -of HevJaJ. Abdul

ysnt for I«aaiX 3in AMuliaii ;m.l o tiered him to go to

Ii'ait with two la It era. ''o e.3ko h.ln to hand over one

latt#r to Aiwa a-d s.fter tondorinj,* hia compllmants to

ap0l0;si3G to IiiiSi, on b«ih;.ilf of the Hnlijih, and: to asaitre

him timt he Imd written to caraed » who would be •come aora objii.ent to h«u than fcii« om slc-ve girl* Th®

cjthex' lettei* «ff»» ■adnresiv.eu tn Hajjcg/, Thi& letter was

aoaahea iu .in'ocoaodiiigXy iiideacen t and abusive term*, H®

,>x4ex' his to ?uu:e Kuenda far hi a las.l-treataeiit of Anae aii4 w&m<3d hiiu th.©,t i f another sac'o oor4plaint oamo to hi®

riotli3«, he mvild puxil&h hiui condiiTily, ^?ajja4 was so

HACli aeized u'-ith fear tliat vmea he toss reading ^ letter

'oig dropat^w&t^ stood on his face, Just a^fter finitjjMag

Uii© letter he went to Ana© and apologised to hlM for his

laaXtre&tiaent of hiai. ■‘ 1 Ilajjaj then wrote Xet%«rs to

llohalla^ ain Al>i 3ufra and Abdur rabsaao ^in Jlakhaaf^m

were ih of tAe cu^cdition at^ainst Izariica te finish

; t sooB. uo»i&e(|aently ilohaXlab and Ahawc iahraan bin «•

!i;aU£2aiiaf m t out to S i^ t against the eneEULes, The wiiiales

were «asily turned out from r-'aia -anaU2 , but they a ^ in

• 1 ttmw/itiiir Toi IT page 18§

eoiuseiitiNkted Ui&is: f0^005 aixl eaicaap' id at a. f art of 3al>uir km m m Kasnni« quite Mopositxoa. i3or tiig iag tii4i tximoiMMi arouiid M s m4.

adTi9«:i AMul^ IrtK Bfte&ii bio 3l«3chKBiif to do 8d» iMt &«

dmllmt.. to m% to Ma iftdiri@«« 7ti« KhMr4it«e

att®#J£«d Moliaila^* @ fia&iiig him os M b giiaird»tli@/ t o g ^ tdwavda AMol. Histeaii bln MaJidmaf* A iNitU*

gr«at iwty in i^ o h AMur tmXX •

fiiliitiiig. bOFlvd liim &ft«r off«rliig Mat fuBorml

prao^«78 aad Infamed ef M s 4«»th« eoami

nioat«4 tM » n««s t9 Ali4ii3. ilalik aiid eatryu»t»d eomiiiftnd

of Ma axw to Utab bin !■#» iiuit7u«t«4 iiJla to

e&xry on wur in oonsyJLtAtien with !iohsJlX»b« iltab Mb

War«|» diaiik«d tMa id«at..itoieh led to a qu*rr#l betwtttn

tb.ea« The qmxi-€tl Wf»ald Imv# r«m;tXt«td Is aetual t4«a«X|

'»ut ii'i© of Habib son of HolsMimb « -

!.!ah&ilAb ootipl&ined aigMnat Tltab bin m i94 .

wlio r®0ailed liim as ix« n*Qd«d M s p3r«»*n©« tiier« owing to tlie inauf?«etion of Shitbib*.

£4

2£jqa&gter IV,

fao« to fa©@ idth ^sioiimv iiauniri?‘9etloB

ii«s4«Hl bjT two ;pp«ftt i»«d «p « of tli« Uii®a3e4it©B. fhMs •

lajwaxjltes w«r* a i w » » thom in th« aid« of the Callphat#,

They held that the CAlipli wm ik xumss^s axtd an

of th« l « « of Th»r ineit^d tli« people Hq vhak*

o ff Him yoke of 9uol!i c«lijpai^ ^ rma eou&ter to %Ut pv«~

df laJlaa aM appoiat«d %U(b ^'rnvmrm^ »l2o

apoii riglits of tlie pedpl«| oi»^e7p«tirat«d iU.1 Sdrt&of atroeitiett. SaXah bin miaavrah aaS Siiabi^ Mfsa&iaad

a confid^siboy &M. maroJb.ed at the h«i& of tholr fi«ry and

famtieaX folXovai^ tims' urged to f l ^ t aa vali wi

ta«y couXd, aa tha hotioiir of their faith y»ma at ataka«

fooght with ^ a a t acal md daapainatioii aa woiild 'oa

eacoi later on» and diaeoiaiitad laaa of the ooXiiBiiia a«at

ac^inat thetfa oy ila «}cy imdar hia abX@ genei^ia, it «aa

witii the ^reateat a»ers/ axul tha looat acSmirabXa aouuraga

tlmt Hajjey after wa^ii^ miraaittiiag wara for two yaara

; tit dom the isunorraotioh a«d imde tho^/ iChisarJitaa Xay

down thair a£eoa,i XTh6 Isaiediata eauaa of the oiitbraak

of iraaarraotioa is mid to haTa l>aa& the ordar of HaJ4a4

for tha arraat of iaXah Min Ifiiaarrah, SaXah bia Mimrrah

waa a pioua mxip '&&no ixthabitad a»d 2laalra« and

tay#it his i aapXa hoXjr a&d raXigioiia booka* He oft«3 Tiai-

zed M s pt^iXa Ih lDafa« wino iiaad to provide M m with a ll

oort o f BaoaSi»ary thlnci^* HaJJa4 ordered him to b« •*-

arr«at#d« n& fXad to Dar aiad ineitad hia pwrjlai pil^iXa/»to riaa agaimat iSe^Ja , He tlian invited aaotHer Xaader

namaXy 3habibat Joined hiM» tho raapondar to hia aaXX

Ter/ haartiiy. They both Joiaad together and raiaed the

fXa^ of inaarraetion in 7 6 ahane© thej eame u^n

• 1 I1»e XhaXdim 7ol I I I p&m to 159.

tlie aaifii&Xa of Uohmsmi bin Manmn , tlie tliea goreraor

of Jaaira ajfe'-thmt They captured the animals and

usod th«m m «oiiv«yimoe. Whoa HekaeiBd bla Karwan 9m& to

know of it Jie seat Ad« bia Ad« to punish them for this,

Ade sei^t hi# to thm askiiig them to evacuate

the country ^eaaaee he disliked the idea of They

arrested the masstnger and took Ade unawares while he ms

offering noon prayers. They k illed Ade and eaptured auoh

hooty. When thi# new® reaehed Mohaaaaad bin Harwan he sent

Khalid i)ia Hasras-Salmi and llaria bln JHOna with ISOO men

each in different roataa, when Saleh came to know of it

he Sj^ent Shatih to fight with Harie and attacked Khalid

himself, but both finding their opponents quite on the

alert to meet them, retired and after crossing Jasira

and iloutal paaaed on to Daakera. When HadJaJ eaaie to

know of their moT«aent& he sent Ears bin ikalra bin Zel*

aishar at the head of three thousand men of Alkufa, Hars

oarahed on t i l l he reached near Baskera Sal<^ bin Musnvrah

who had with him. 90 men at that tine a&raneed towards

Jabla and Khaa iKa. Hara oTertook them at a Tillage known

as Mud^Uklbi^ where he gave them a battle. Ears pressed the fight whieh resulted in their defeat. Saleh hin-

Mus^arh was k illed and Shabib also fe l l woimded from his

herse, but any how he managed to escape into a fort, Kara

settiisg f ire to its gate jretired^ thinking that it would

not be possible for them to go out while he wouid dispose

thesi o ff next morning, Sl^dLbib extinguished the fire and

ooioiag out of tlis i^f^rt took Hara by aux^rise* Rars

ordered his troops to f a l l ia but sueh a tonfusien and

ohaos spread ms&ng them that Shabib easily put the» to

fligh t, Hara also fe l l wounded but his followers takingJLLwith th«B retired to Madaia, Shabib oade his way to

Mousal where he met Salem bin Sayyar whom he larited tol4t,co«u*

join with him.on condition that S^bib would proride hla

with thiry armed men with i4iom he would be absent only

26

21

tor thr&& daya. 3l»bib agreed to tM » cosditios. SsJUuaa

aaareiied with .them atjB^nst Banu Auaa to re-r^ng# for

til© death of hia brotiaer FasaalR* fa isa la was om of the

(thief mm of EhawftrJy, iiho rcYoltea 18 day 8 teefojr# Sal eh%v

sBd Shabib. H# 3mXt0d at a watering pl&c« of Bwm Aiu»,

who finding his men o ff their ga&rd att&aJced thtn «&d k illtd

them one and a l l in ordtr to gain the good w ill of th©

Caliph, Salasm nov attacked Bam Auae and laasaaiirtd mmy

of th ^ in cold blood to mrea^e his brother* a d«ath,

Shabih now bent his way towards Aidherhe^an. fh«n HaJ aJ

oaaie to know of / it , he ©rderad Siifiymn bin Aitil Alia,

who waa already beaiaging ?abrist&n to retiim to IJaakara,

and to await there the approach of the troopa of Haraii bin

jLaaira. Sufijan did not act mpon his adviee but la t e ly

marihad on^in puraixit of ;3habib. He met Shabib at Khan*

q.een» Shabib trsaeheroualy posted an ambuaeeide in «harge

of his brother and gave Hars a battle. Shabib then began

to retreat and Sufiyan went on following hia at the foot

of the su}untain t i l l he pas£$ed the embueh, Shabib then

turned baci : on him similtaneously with hie brother, who

apratig out fresot the ambush and fe l l on him from bahindt

Sufi/an gt re both of thesi a pitched battle but he suffered

defeat. Sufiy»n fled to Babal MaliroE whence he wrote to

HaJ4a4 that he foui^ht with Shabib and ms almost to win

the battle hut some of his followers eoiaing out of an

ambush attaoited him from behind which led to his defeat*<x

He also complained to him against Serab for not ooming to

his help, HadjaJ then.wrote to Surab bin AMjar ©hiding

him for not carrying out his order and ordered hia to

pursue Shabib with 500 men from Madain. Surab a«eerdiiigly

marohed in pursuit of Shabib, Shabib in the meantioe

passed on to ’laddia and thenee to Hindawaa* SuretVattacked

him there but to no purpose as followers were on the alert

aural) coa8®(iU«ntIy retii'ed to Hadaia, Slaabils now pursued

Suralj aaid entered Ha4ain ikfttir liia, Ifeni Abi^ Aekfee>i,

opposed Sabib together with %hm imople of The

people of Madain pelted asd hia foliower» with stotMis

and SlaabiJj, deapelring of any sueoess Xeft Madaia%nvay

and reached Kalwaa. i ^ j a j aow eav that the v m

gaining powev daily and that hi had gujwiM had nei eitoeefi,

ftfainet hla. Hajjaj then aettt for ^Hmma him Salkid , ehe

was better Jmoim as Jasal aM put hin in Charge of the

expedition a^ inat Bhabib lastBMting hia not to a&ke

haste, but to aansider over the sltuatieii eooXI^, Shabib^

who already knev fa l l well the bsn&irery of jpaaal went on

juoTing from one plaoe to anoth^ in order to aToid en -

S&ging him in any pitched battle, Jasal alao :kept en

pursuing him. Shabib now had reoourae to guerrilla tac­

tics, Whenever he could get a ohanoe he oati« vtpon Faaal

unanrarea but j^aaal tiaa always on his guard a^ in st him,,

henee Shabib was always repulsed. Hajjaj was very Buioh

displeased with J'aaal for prolonging the f i ^ t for «aeh a

long time. He then sent Salted >bin Mujalid investing him

with the chief eoiamand of the anay of ^esal* Sa^ed bin» Url*

Mujahid oame to J^azal when he^€oaaaaped at Mibya^wan. He

reproached the people for delay and set right the

to fight, Jaaal objected to his plan of coming out of the

trenches for fight but Safed hteded it not, SIMied bin Muja

bid leaving Ja*al in the tranches marched against Slaabib

and enceaped at the gate of Katitya .Shabib after earefully

arranging the flanks of hie amy engaged teed in a fight,a

The fif^ t raged furiously in which Seed wass leill#d and

his followers beiog ^^Sed fled #*11 * e l l in a l l direotioJis. Shabib pttrsaed %hm and being flushed with saeeees attained

the amy of Jasal, Jaaal was ^uite a good matoh far him.

He totally disc<«Bflted Shabib and hia followers. He

dispatched the tidings of this victory to Hajjaj, Shabib

after suffering this reverse went to KuJmi and erossed

28

the river Tigris oa » ia way to BagJadad, A ft«r pvpolifuiiag

nmmm3:^ tt±n ^ siad pmrldlms himaeXf with n«Ki«s»ai^

«quipm«a^h« dlx*«dt«d toirows Knt», whm

it&jjAS 9mm to immf qS thlSt ^ Mat 3a»»id l»ln Aid im

Eatean to met IhSm dirmt^d, Uswim M » mtua t& ea-

Qwrnp »t SalA^* avoiding Sit^id oin AMilir H&iman

attskdk#d ^mmk liln ?eopX« ®t off«r«d

laom r»eist«&«« « In tJi« mmj&tim Bmwoid »Jlai» Jdifi«d

t};t«a« g»T« thm and p70o««4«d to EXj ^Siimid foXlomid him up to he omvl^ kmw t^ t

flWi-KiiM sim1s»ib Jmd lmt% Eissi. prior to hJLs r«»ehiflg tluuni*

m&%9 to sm«»id m% t« givt iip 3iie piumnit }m%

to &iia v3ioir9¥«r li« muXd X&j Mb hand m lilai*

vm% m mrtm plm9 to j^lao* esd timXlrpm9&X on to Ald!te&3r3#4aB« Su¥i»id la&o ko^t up me pur*

siUt* finding ^mt Slia^i'd goaw/mvr fsroM

K:ydrii>» a^p^iatod IffUftli Din hit do^tjr thoro

»ad l9t% for siiovtX.r itft«r Ummh v«««iif«d «

i « t t « r t ^ t with fcho ixitontioa oi eiteeklBg Eufa

hud mtimMk m» tm m ievtmim^ that

l 9t%«T to Hfl44sJ* mtihiii in th« mmm timm sm /^m nme

Etifft «tKi «ns«i^«d at Amtx m m vdti& m to mMmim

mtrn Hiy^iy \m» ali^oody oa M « gmxA

mgRiast thi«« Ho o^toxod icufs with forood iBMivehmi ia

ihe viroaiag, Shi^i^ «toj^|di!ig &t SiOauk »ffo«tod hio

oatae«»»o iato t ^ wmxlm% plmit q£ Kufa* Ho att«iltjid tho

^ anirnd a o « ^ of oad ^X lod a good auuir a«a

offoiria^ th4^i»«ia* A HIteiiurJito th«B woat to

thtt ^luio of the id»i«f PoXifto 0ffie0»« 7h«y 9mXM him

out aai^iag that he « » • hjr tho OoTomoir, Ho

oaeo out with tho iatwatioa of foUoviag th<n 1»it %ho

momoat tiioy oto^ ii«vooe tho otirango fasos* h« w«at in

aiid elmt tho doom, Thoi k.tiled Mo »Xcf9 and mr»&on to tho a o » ^ of Baaa nAMva thi^r MXli^ Sahaii

hla iiaOTi while h« «a » offaspiag p:»yer», Great oaBtitiMit

pr«vi^ii*d in oity and » f«« lin g of consttynatioa

apr««d After |>IUBdlKrliig and moX«stiag

the jMNfplc tlma tkft Klanurjitiis aimit out of Ekfa ftM

tdwiurds Wim Khvarljitss auloptad suqIi «

threatening attitude, HaJJaj was enra<:ed . He proelaimed

0/ tiie beatinis of dnaa " • 0 men of God, now

ride on" The firs t man nho responded to this oadl was

Abdullah bln SuttS and afterwards people from aXX dire®-

tioas fiocktNl to his banner, Hajjaj now aent Biehr bin

Ghalibul Aemdi^Zalda bin laiddaaSn Saqfi, Ab^ul Xxa bin

Abdullah bin Ajmar and Siad bin Abdullah eaeh with thousaad

men to fight with Shaklb. He at the sme time sent Molm*

mad bin i!u»a bin Talha, the goremor of Sajiatan alao.

They a l l started and eneamped at the lower part of the

Suphratese. Shabib aToidea the way \fhere they were en»

essped and bent hia way towards I'adsisrah, "/lien IlsjjaJ

received thia news he sent Zukhr with 1800 piolced soldiers

to engage Shabib in fight in case he eneaaped or turned

towards him otherwise he should let hija hare hie ows iwy

wiiereeirer he liked. The mmmt Eukhr reaohi^ SaXMiaiia

Shabib fe l l ea him, zukhr fou^^ht bravely but he fe l l

wouaded. Hia amy broke up and fled away* Thinking

him to be dead they le ft him. When ZuJdir fe lt better he

any how maaaged to reach a village where he paas4^ the

nis^t. from tliat pla«e he was teken to Sufa. He received

some 12 wounda os hie head aad ft*xe. After some days

he eaffl® to Hejjaj , aeeing his wounda,honoured him

mueh. Emboldened by ^ «s e aueeesaea Shabib now urged hia

followers on to K:ufa telling them that the enemies were

quite panio atriken owia^ to the successive defeats ehieh

they had sustained and that no other Manthan Hajjaj himself eould pj*event thm from entering

Kufa, His followers agreed to it and laarehed as far as Kufa, The meaent Hajjaj received this news he

30

dispatched AMur nahman lain Jaudub to infom 7.ald^ln %

Fuddal[a and other generals^ of the of F.li».’bib,

He also directed thes® generals to entrust fi chief Qommad

to 2aida bin Suddsiaa, Shabib divided his troops iato

three sqiWidroiis aad dncountered the troopa *ent by HajjaJ

. Ziad distinguished himself well in the fi^ht but he

had to retreat owing to the numerous woujads whieh he

receiTed . The Ehwajites then fe l l an AMul Ala, -siio

w&a BO much seized with fear that he abondoned the fiisht

and fled*t^ Mohaaajaad bin Muea fou^t with undaunted

courage t i l l he met a soldier* s death, Eaida also Buffesr-

ed the fate of his friends. After worJcing auali hMro&, he

invited the people to lay down their aims and tender

fealty to him , Many of the defeated soldiers tendered

their fealty to him, Shabib’ a followers adviaed hia

to enter Kufa but he did not agree with them, LeaTiog

Kafa on hie r i ^ t side he reached Hefar whence he passed

on to ghanijar Tia Sarat When Hajjaj easie to know

that Shabib bent hie -my tomrds Nafar he thought he mu*t

be on his way to !£adaia. He sent for AMur nehmaa bin

Asath and ordered him to mareh at the head of iooo sen

of the army of Kufa to arrest Shabib, He also eoBsiau-

nicated to him afterwards that if he would come baek

defeated he would meet vxth punieiment, Abdur Rahman

with his army reached ifadian ^ e re he saw Ja*al who

warned him to be on his wateh against the treachery of

Shabib, Abdur Raimum set out in pursuit of Shal^ib,

Ghabib being aware of his being pursued^ rwsuaed hi* ma^eh

to imrds Baquqa and Sh i^^r, Aodur RaJmmm after raeon*

noitering his whereabout reached the country of Mousal ,

Hajjaj again reminded Abdur Hahman to hasten the arrest

or death of Shabib. Shabib now began to mowe os^from-

one idpassable place to another trying to take Abdur -

31

Raijman ua«.weu*e9 instead of fighting a pltelied batti**

Tiias doth kepi; waring, from one place to another, Abdur

Ralman v/ent on purauing him while Shabib went on erHAin^

his pursuit, Owiag to the atreas of daily travel j

Abdox iiahiaan'Js aaiaal® w«re liuite done up. Sliabib

halted a~& Raisan, Abdur >ialman also enoam^ed at that plaae,

Shabib sent word to Abdur Rahiaan for the tes^rary

o«@aation of hostilities a» It the time of the ftsti

val of Sdu3»uha, Uaman bin (.^uatin wrote it to HajjaJ,

wno was ver/ muoh reated at thin conduct of Abdur Rakaan,

H# dimiaaed Abdur liahoian and inTeated with hia eommad

jsman bin c^utin, who haiided over hiii oharge of MaiUkiii

to HularriJ bin !£u^aaira. Three da 'S after his arrival

Uaman ooiximenced the fight, Shabib fought with hi» hand­

ful of 120 galiant followers and eoapletely worsted th«

enmies, iJsaian bi a Katin «raa i^illed in the &©tioB while

Abdur Kahaan being wo tended fled away and did not appear

before Hajjaj until he gave him safety of hia l i fe .

Shabib after in flicting this crushirtg defeat resuawid Mew M 'march towards ;:ah fiaiirawan in 77 where he passed the

suMiEer, In the meantime, a l l those^ who were agalastVwt/v»

Hajjaj ra llied round hiia, 3habib proceeded towards/V

ICaidain, where llutarri^ bin llu t^ ira was the governor

8 30 men. The situation was very orltica l, Shabib

by iaflioting a seriws of defeet irnd frightened the

enemies outright* HaJjaj found that the courage of

hi a anai' was failine^. He delivered a very stirring

speech inciting them to present e bold front against

the JCwa^ritea, Hia eloq.uence had to do Muah on this

ooeaeion. It infused great seal among the people ,8o

mueh so that an old mn naiaed Zaj^ra bin Hu: t»v who w&a

not »trons5 tisnougn even to riae a horse voluaattexnd his

nia services so aecompanj tiie expedition with a view

32

%Q ^ ^xrwttiom iui«4«d«

th«» <UUi9» m * d a to AMui ifftXiJe witinir

th«roiik tliat S2uO>ili hm M4tim9«d as far a» iladaiii with

th» i&t«iiti9ii of itKroHiag m llUf* that I10 bad fvi*

^ amy ^ya»d sieaaiira -anA af t«r k lliiag a

g094 sttii/ ms^rimo9^ ga»aral8« He appaaXed to him. to

awid r^ «o fo 3TO«Be&t from S ^ ia . AMul Haa.ik »«Bit Sufi*

ym tin AMradia Kteai»i at tha haad of 4,000 ata and

H»b«ol» liiii AMiur Haliaaii at th« head &f 2000 am* Hfejjaj

r««aXlt<l aXmi bin WaiTiia alai» froa Itea^iaH and pat lUa

la oiiATgc of th* K^la aisiy* HaJJiy inatr^t«4 tha a w of 3 ^ ia to ibtalt at kvtmJf mmr im voiiM Mnkl th*

aaSB of to tH«iir Both tli« axmi«a W$W9 mw

mmmp*d at Aau famar« Shai>i)} t x M to win ovwr Uataanrl^

to las aidft* H« a«%t Bughala l»in to liia« «lio

»ta/«d dikr* with hija dat eouXd arxivo at no faro4rai>l«

oo»ei.iMioa* Uttai} in the mean time eneaiaped at 3axat

aaar to sIoaM ^ T7ttai» Ter/ akiXifully arraaiidl the araaka

of hie a»a/ and eaootintea^d ehabib^ A deadly fight wm

m » fo o ^ t and meh hiiraan blood ahed« Th§ iaai»e

of the fight was ia douht for & long time hut ia the

loag sm the a iw of Uttah 0111 %art» gave way a»d attab

fa l l fighting in the aetio&. Uttao oii^' War^a^a a«eiy

fXed in utter oo&fualo& and Slmhlb oaptured «ii«9toiieua

booty* aafuyah iai sA'hiradiiX K^bx with hxa Syrian ajoay

aame haolc to I ^ a « Shahih aXao direoted hi a foreea to-

narda KxkXu *a sager m>w iaaew m booada* He itade

the peoj Xe aaeeahXe'ia the noa tiui end addrasatd than

t i » «a * f ^ 0 people of K^a» iCay ood iieTar hold ia

eateaa a »aa» hoXda you ia eateo® and aay 3a aever

help a aaa* '96m heXpa yoo« ilioae, ti o do not want to

aooompaay ue to the fight ahould t>eti^i(^ theaaelTaa to

the ehriatiaxMi and J «« i of Hira« m y thoaa aaa «aa

take part in the fi|pit vith ue 5b had aet 1mm vitii

tbMn mnait one tiiousend police gtuurds ia

e&ATSt of H«.rs to vmg* war with shabib, sliftblb took

Har» b j auyppri&a, him anoy and killed him,

HasQhiag from Ainu Tawar he reached Sah^m whiire he

buiXt a laosqiM. Haajaj theii sent his ovn fretd slaT*

Abd\U. Ward at the head of a large mioaber of host, but he

also met with no success and fe l l f i t t in g * Be^ja^

then sent another slare of his imo also met tiae same

fate. Ha^jaj now flared up with anger ami himseJ-f

took the fie ld with e large contingent of Syrian array*

His eyes were red when he was eneouragins his people

against Shabib « H© went on repu/(lsing Shabib and

adTancel-as far as the mosque which he had bu.ilt« He

eaptured eTon the eaiap of Shabib. :<halid bin Ultab with

the permission of Ha^jaj isiM attacked the troops of

Shabib wiiiah melted away in confusion. Mazad, the

brother of Shabib and his ulfe (Jhazasala t^ere killed .

Haj^aj then returned to Kufa, ifeere he addrtssed the

people and imi>arted to them the happy tidings of Tietery

He ordered Habib bin Abdur Hahman to pursma Shabib

and warned him to be on his guard against the surj^rise

Hight^lneursion of Shabib« Habeeb following his trace

reached ihere a terrible fi£^t ensued, shabib

was totally routad in this contest. Being baffled in

his atten^ta he mada his way to Simaa to take raapita.

mere ia another Teralon of the f i ^ t beaides the one

giTen , It r\ms as follows.

Hajjaj dispatched against shabib general after genera^

who a ll met revers^a. As 3haaaala, the wife of Shabib

had vowed to o ffer Iwr prostration vin the mos^e of Sifa,

34

Shabib entered Kufa in the night and his wife redat

her TOW. Aeoordiag te Kutaiba.Sa44eJ himself took the

fie ld against Shabib with suceessful result* J^alid then

attaeked his camp and rout<^ his arsy. <lhasaala and Matid

53

kiXX«d In the iMittle « HajJaj efxmamimtHi th«

to AMtU lliJLik «Ad appealed for re-i»fo»e«iumt

whldh e«i3t«

tXt«3P lialtiag in KHzman for aim« tin#

w«st to ^ e re M «ii$ouat«r94 sofiymu, iilio inf l it *

ttid u^oa him t oni»hixiig def»ai>t« h» waa tryia^; to

oro@& the t is r is in the n i^ t , sttm JLttd

on the bridge and h« f * l l iato the Tlimx *nd wm dliroimvd*

Tima dl«d tht ire&t X»Rdor of the iliwaxjlt#*, lifeo die-

comfiled th« waeiaiea with his d«»pe3fat« Iwaferjr oir#r/|.A

(lad agniitt for 2 y«ara at the end of tJie /wax 77, Ha^Jiy

th«m pifooXiklmed gmnemX a»t&«sty^with tlis x«s\iXt that aiX

the foXlowsve of Bhalbib laid doim arms*

m

D«»%iny n&w v aJUloMNl llajjaj to t«j£« rest ttiroiig2%*

out bie r « i ^ la Ii^q^ no eoo&er did he im ll th« dls«

tarbaiuie in one quArt«r it broke oat wltl^ fraaii

in another. How it m » the his om d«putar

&in !!utarrif to t*k« up aaae agftln»t

has alr«a4y de»ori^d in the pr«Tioua eheptex tliAt

Jwiabi went t© liadaiii, he sent word to Mutarrif hin

ti'«3 deiKit.'T of i-!ay48j , to eepouee M s

Hll sent wltk a Yi^w to diseiisaisg the ftfma

and objects of tne iii9)4rr«etloii o f • ShftMb

held that he meant to arge upos the !lii»iim3the ob«

sermtee of holy beolc and the ea/ing of the prophet*

vnxmt h«d eoiii|»eil.#d hia to take up cymit irau» that the p«o<»

pXe iGt had i»egun to diareg^rd « the reii^ioiia omom

md had quite uala«fuliy taken the reiGe of ihe Cali*

j^ate into their Qwa hatids, iCuttarrif «aa ftilta vaad^

to responii to their oalX i f they really mea»t to f i ^ t f

tow the^&ight ia to o ff the cruMllty* He aaid

that he iR^uld eheapiea their eauae i f thegr wiuld eiyoia

lipoa the people the inandateB of the holy hoek»t and

work the io^^^laaiy of the gcA t hy a parlianunit

aa i t uaed to he i& the daya of Cosaaa^dev of the I^ith<*

fill A » ^ d b t i F T h e Aadr should then he

hy the roiee of the people* In that eaae ^mreiah woold

also f a l l Hi tith their 7 iewa and thoa Bhaliih*a fellevave

vouad B»iltiply« Shahih Icept eilitit ehout the laat jteiat

eould gii^ no certain aaaura£iee« The diaeuseieaa

laeted for ahoat 4 daye M t neither party eould arrire

at an ' daeieioti* Bii#taira wm% omak to shahih, ?ltttarrii

tlien s«at for hie mee and told th ^ ahettt tha talke 9

^ io h he had held witii Bu^iairs, ilutarrif reeiarleed

that he would lilce to ^oin with Blbahlh to wipe o ff

th© cruelty oi’ Hajjaj md Aadul ;{alii:^and. to

upon tiie p€tople to ot>a*rTe the laaridates of holy booic

and to a©t up to tiic tradition of the propliet* Kutarrlf

ftdTiaed M a nen to keep it secret lest Hajjaj shouldcoae to lasow of it , xaaid bia i hi Ziad, a freed ©lay®

of Jais fatlitjpj, ;lu,2h.6 ira, r«aarked t.aat it was utterly

impoBsible for it to rmain a secret froa Ilajjry, and

tlmt Hajjaj would drag him to death evea i f he would

hid# himaelf aiaong the clouda in the sky, Thia slave

ttdTiatd Hia to ssioape to sam® place, Hutarrif le ftin

Mad&ia for A1 Jilaal, whare he/foi-med the people of his

views iaoitiiig taem to disclaim fealty to Hajjag and

AMiU. llsliic, who had violated the siarKiataa of the holy

hooks aiid usurped the aaXiphate, Some of the inhahitaat*

fa l l is with his views aiid otaers refused to agree with

hia, Sabra hia Abdur Eemnaa bin Hakhaaf, wJio refusad to

>ide with Mutarrlf eame to Hajjaj , and oomssanieated

thla aews to hiia, Muta##if in the meantime advaaeed as

far as Halwaa • Buwaid bin Abdur Rahman oheeked him but

he easily defeated hisi aiid turned hi a way to ’ajadaa,

Hamsa, Mattarrif’ a brother helped him secretly with arms

and proviaioa, HajjaJ wrote to Adey, who was his deputy

in Hal to aaroh a ^ ia s t Muttarrif, He instructed him

to jo ia with Bara bin Kabtaa and to attack witli

CQBbiaed foroas« Adey held the chief coammnd of this arasyr, H&4ja«| «»» m m h ai'raid of Haiasa , wixo ime ia Haaadata thioklag that he would certainly help hia brothtr a^iaat him. He Qon^equently wrote to hit ehief poliee offioer ( ^is» bin Said) in Haiadan.to arrest Hamaa aad imprisoa him, 0„aia bin Bad weat to 'lasiaa w i ^ 20 aen aad showed him the warrant of his arrest, Hamaa yielded to his order without any objection, A terrible fi^t

3»

ra;;ed l)etWQ®n the aoldiera of Adoj and Hut&rrif bin

},Iu,-:iliaira in which alaiost a ll the followers of Mutcirrif

and he Uimaelf breath&d his laat.

After 8iiea«»afuXly quelling this risiag

tsratd ills attention tow&rdti txie r«aialnlng eects of

the iOiwarjii®», who were s t i l l & terror to the Calipimte

It h&» already bean deacri»«d trmt Xuhallab, who was

in Qlmrge of the expedition atiainst them turned them

out from Ram ^tamuz. After the departure of k^^b. bin

Warqa Muhallab lialted ©t Babur for & year cutting o ff

a ll the souroes of the supply of the IChwarjites, fhen

they fe l l ehort of provielon they moTed towards Kiramaa

Muhftllab alao followed them up and halting at Jerui^t

eneountered tihen trhere ana ,iut tJieiii to flight. HajjaJ

eent Bara bin OsHtteerSrsa tio insist irjUfulialla'o’ s putting

an ead to the fight m£. with Izarika, Muhallab re­

ceived the letter from Hagjaj, he reniarlced , ” Isn 't

hit B%T9M e t^at a loaci not on tiie Bpot should adfise a

man on the spot." Just after the arrival of Bara» Muhel-

lab in 0(»SLplianoe with the order of HaJjaj stood te

to fi^ht Agiadnet the Khwarjites, imra himaelf witneased

him f i t t in g and adiuired hie courage very much. Bara

caitie to e^d informed him that Muhallab aeeordiag

to hi# order had coajaeaced fighting, Muhallab went on

fi;fEhting witk the Khmrjitee without any oonapicuous sue-

oeea for abeut 18 months. The fortunate stars of Muhal-

lab made tiim fa l l out amonj them^elrea a ll of a sudden.

The eauae of their 15reaking into partita is said to

^ have been the murder of a Khwarje by the o ff leer of

bis| Fagaai amggattar, ? nen the matter wa» refered to Milri, jrf he r of used to puhish him with death in return ae he was one of tne old arid experienced man*

3SI

Some that th^ o»u»# o f nAki^

them faJlX oat otaong tfoens«lire@, lluimllab tmnniiigXy

made M s p«opX« drop m X*tter into t]bi« ara r of

in m wmy timX it i^uXd faXX into th« trnaA

of tlieir o ffic «r« m vrot* therein t ^ t k« «ae thimk %

fttX %0 tJKsa far ««B4iiig him. pQisoaed tpeaurs tli&t !|«

WM «im41ag tk9 £a*k<r oa« t£ioai«iid dafei naa a«

to kl^« Wiam the offiecr reo«ived this X»tt«r ss wa«

£>eiixriU3g€d ia« Bent for the aan ai&d« arrows, ?he

u< u i‘efui»iKi iotaiXy to hav# a n y knowXectga of it , but

the officer ordersd him to ae killed, AbduF flia«pagp06

Bi^ir rsei#i»t«d this oapitaX punishm^t T«ry

muoli. Thero is also a thix*d YsrsioB of the caoise of

the qMrreX of th# Khvar^ites araong theffiS«XT#s, EuhalXa^

sent a C h r i s t i a n to Xuirtrl an d a s k e d hiia to pJPos-^

trate hiaseXf before K u t r i i n preseaoe of aXX . The —

C h a r ls t ia B d i d as he « a s iBstruoted« This X ^ to th e m m

pieioii of lOucarJite agaiast :<utri« They MXXed the

tiao m<L deposing KUt^i placed Abdur l^tolit^X Bukeir in

h l» pXaee* This Xed to t^eir hreakiag into two

B«^oaX B«U£«lr aiid KUtri fou^t aeioaig ^emseXviMi

foir isiBthft tog#tbj^« Kutri then Xeft for TalNtristan

XM^ing A)»«twr BabhahaX Buiceir in Ktimuat Jimt .aft«r th*

4apar1bmr« of mtiri, itiiliaXXah eatehiitg this geXdin eppoir

tu»it|’ towsiifiad fiiehtlhg« The Khxarjite eouXd not idth*

stand his attaeic «ad meXted away in eonfusios, MuilUfcXXali

aiit«rt4 Tiotorlems ia Ji^ft. After talciitg a XlttXe raa«

pita KtthaXXah laarehed out to ^%v0mLm tha dAfanied atM3r»

He evairtook AMur Bah'oaX BaJmir 4 forsangs trm Jaru#T

A hotXy eontested hattXe took pXaoe. The Khwar^ite

fou#kt with great desperatios reeiless of th#4r XiTes

aad a seene of great osSmm^^foXiowed, After stulibeVttXym -

a stand for a Xoog tiaw « the IChMUPjita XlMi^

save W . Ateoat 4* 000 mm of lawarjites feXX fi|^tl»g

ia this HattXe tmem m AMiur BabM Bvikmis aXso.

ria U rr i «

!U y 4 «4 f '^ ^ iNit/aiMtL bM4«J

WT&%9 %6 te aaM t» ilia « f t « r appolatia^ wm»

H94y t lM Itt k i« tt tOmrg^

%9 iii« ftoii t|uii4 Mb wairnm^r lam e|a« to SM4«4 »

«io reotiir^ h i« vith •▼•iry mi)^ oC ^ e » i boiiflir Md wmim

Mm ^ t P i l i i l f y ^ r«eogjil^ti«tt ®f k i« gifi||*

h« hAd £MMiiL«f«i. W »Qd st»t0* lb«n

Bv^ism A ratd &t hmA 9i m rmmtH * .

affsy to put f^ tnd to ^ia Hilia4 sii4

omei^ ot "him Httdlw «lio l « f t witii bin fo f

isr oliaiie^ ii« « « t I«te t bin Mohasmd bln ABhntli o» hii^

v »3r » idio «jMio tmBhwi no«r fatMuriotiMi vit^ M jr of

Th«jr iMlli eoii^iiMd togolbeip <m3A Aj^tatlEfd

The foi^o«MN» of E^trl, Misod witli paaie, fit4 iuMgr

«nd TCuitiri Idatfwiif oeii^ fo i l In'Wrft pit*; ,1 ■ ,

« man pansiil % pit this ualMippy mao, n toa

revoroM 0^ fortim# hmA mw iimm il»oinEi i»to th« pit

aoked bin to glTo ffhm h|ui#i«»rtoii inua ixuptood of

giirihs him vitto^ tl^rov a otomi fwm aad iii^siM

h l« hood, Bt WMm sot op m «xir fli out of 4ojr that iia ]A

had iQitri^ i ^ r la g thia 9wy aono of tha poopia

of mfB. oiisa a»d oattiag o ff hia haad tooJc it* to l i ^ q

hlii ilohmiad* lAio aaat it on to Ha,}4aj» Si^ljaa ortiahed

tho pO«or o f the ShaaaxHlitaa oad took hia quavtair i#

X)a»)Mm3Kl aiid TalMtfi Thua tho i ^ I o io% af

K h ^ J i i ^ f atao had ¥aoa « tiu^^Oaat a t anaist ih tho

p^Tlnoo of IWMI for tho iiMit 20 yaoiro pat ao oad to*

' •' In tho yoar TS^Ahdal ^ i k diaaiaaod hin

AbduIXi^ fSfoii KhiURtMxi and S ^ la t^ ond addod tho» to

tho juriadiaiioa of Hajjaj* Ha4JaJ pat ^ « a iUa

in ohargio o f hia daputioo* At firo t ha pmt Ktoafaaao

in i^drgo of AMttllah bin Ah-i^^Oc^a and Sa^atoa ih

aHargtt ot h t»' fftTourits MubaIIa1s>« i£iilb«kiXft)idid aot Iilc» t « l ^ e oTer e^xgv of 8a4i8ttj&« H«

wmt to BalMta 1»i8 A i»ld bin Tmriq m f*roorit#

attendfmt 9t emd r«<|u,e»t«d kirn to

KBix to put laim is elmrge of K uuMJiem aa ke mm tlioreti^

ly ooztreraant witfe the affaire of tliat p la«« i^ i l «

AbduXXah bln Al>i lakra k^o knem meh aboiit^WaXd e«x>>

tainly »troag«7 ther«« Th« attendant MeoitllBgiy

auggastad thia to HajJaJ^ wiio txinnsferred tl^Hi to tlw

daairad pxt>TlMaa»

ikl iLfyU. fJ.lCaiL (^YoUlali (t i

dujcL

H e a d % % /tif j l i r 7^- 7^ /^du oiOcefi/5 'd ^

^taJ). itj C<rm fiUt^ iLc (

' U/0tU4*i' ^ ^ 'f ) ^ ^ ^ Pc£0ii>(/

- FA/Uc£, ^^nJ.ia.1^ 'i(K ‘ ^ -Kci/) Pffyff t ^

tu. list ^MqoM Om J. &>i'(i^i liU/ CiiM. Ci ico td-k ^

' \ff{ioy [ " ^") ^ k n j ^ ^ * J f^ 'c i

^ toM d t lu. R drnjim ' (/ ^ l^ y c }y ) cui ci

Je^a^ti/il ji/V J^me/h ^ U t slo // ^ 4H ^ o

M^J/3 tk iiiA ^ t^ cu ji a/:> ^ ' c / ''

H,i domjltu/), Cir w h fita,IL ^$0 -h c

ffn H,e i j J)oMI^ojI CCj> " Z .

OM'H^ fiOMoih A ^ J a. fyafrout ^

aid ^ i t mitfi, lim otl^ % i ,

C(da.I&J^^ ^ fe CoA Y!cuui/icuft U. Hi f!)hii/3i Jju/)£Uuo

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l'iu)raA 0LCjk' C U<y KtH

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[C j a, L o l^ 0^4-a/l ^crrn it^4l ia ^

' Sa/y C t> 4^ a.iayl l^ li L/) /rx il/^ Cgyuiv>i/%k

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42Chapter VI.

Just after patting to an end so many risings

riajjaj had a s t i l l sterner opposition in store for

him, *1. Ratbail, a :jreat kin.3 in S^istan withheld

paying the castomary tax, Hajjaj sent against him -

Abdullali bin Abi Bukra at the head of a vast army from

irufa and Baara. Ratbail also put up a gigantic host

of army against him bat it was of no avail. City

after city fe ll into the hands of A'odullah bin Abi ’nalrr

The enemies set the cities which they vacated on fir®.

They \7ent on drawing the muslims into the d ifficu lt

passes t i l l they reached near the capital of Ratbail,

where they were hemmed in on a ll sides by the enemies.

*■2 Abudlla bin Ali Bakra fe l l in such straitened cir­

cumstances that he was compelled to make peace on the

payment of humiliatins ransom of 7 laks, bin

S^HanA^protested against it and prevailed upon the people

to fight with the enemies. He enj^a^ed himself in a

war with them in which many of his followers and he

himself fe l l fighting. The rSmaa^^f his army fled

from the scene of the bettle in a most deplorable 9on-

dition. They were so famiahed thc,t the moment any

one of them touched fooioC,he died, ConseqLuently only

"ghee" used to be given to them t i l l their stomach

became strong enough t.o digest food . Hajjaj wrote

this to Abdul '!alik and sought his permission to lead

an invasion against Ratbail, Abdul !Ialik gave his

assent to it . Hajjaj then mustered up a force of

20.000 men from and 20,000 men from Basra, He in­

vested hie beet men with their coimand and gave them

2 millions dirhams in addition to their ordinary

»tii)«nds. This army was so spfeendidly equipped that

it was named peacock a.nayiSflJ^ly^. chief command

was given into the hands of Abdur Rahman bin Aahet^v

* '* 3J3

with whom Hajjaj was at daggers drawn is said

that in his fury he once aaid pahliely Uiat he would

k i l l Abdur Hahioan* Somebody communicated thio to Abdur

-.ahman, who retorted that he aleo would bring ruin

upon Hajjaj?a /jovemement, *2 / bdur Rahman arrived at

Sajistan with his army, H© addressed them in a stirring

way to inspire them with coJ.ra3 e and zeal, hen Rat

bail oame to know of this he put forth excuses e-nd pro

mised to pay tli© usual tax, Abdar Rahman paid no heed

to it and wen^n forcing his v/ay into the country, i’hat<*

ever place he conquered he f ir s t consolidated his

position by leaving his deput/ there and stationed guards

at its dangerous points, ’ hen he conquered a sood

many places he stopped further conquest as he was on

his guard against the cat©strophe which Abdullah bin

Abl B?.kra met some days back, rm’rained from Bia>"ing

further conquests in order to settle down his position

in the conquered country. He dispatched a letter to

this effect to Hajjaj also. Some account for the

appointanont of Abdur Rahraan thus : —

*3, Hajjaj stationed Iliraayon bin Adi Gadi in

rCiraiaan at the head of a detachraent of tioops with a

view to helpins the soveimor of Sindh and Sajistan in

oa»e of eraervsency. Instead of helping the Governor ,

he himself rose against him, KajjaLj then appointed Ab-

Dur Hahman bin Ashajth to punish his, Abdur Hahoan

after defeating Hlayon encamped thera. In the maantiae,

Abdullah bin Abi Bakra passed away, Hajjaj then in -

vested Abdur Rahiiian with the charje of Bindh and S jis

tan and senykla to f i :^ t with Hatbail,

Tabari Vol. VIII p 4 ^•2 " * "♦ OTabari Vol V III. p. 5, f.- _ ^

43

* 1 V,lxeK HaJjeJ received, the above mentioned

letter in v^ich Abdur Rahman informed him of the poat

ponement of m r for the next year, IfajJaJ dispatched

6 letter of unuoual severity upbraiding him for this,

and orderinrj him to pash on the conqueat. Before the

aiTival of this letter he aent another one, Ti alch” was9

^ i t e as prorocative in ita tone as the firs t one and

then followed the third letter in wnich he wrote that

i f Abdar Raiiaan would not act up to hia advice he should

take this letter for an order of diemissal and should

hand over his oharge to his brother lohaq, Abdur Rah*

jTian bin Ashath tdt gathered his array and read out the

letter of Hajjaj to them reaiarkixig thiit whatever he

did, he did is-ith the coneultation of a ll but Hajjaj

disliked it because he wanted to weoJcen thm. The

thing shich HajjaJ wanted hira do, vms done the pre-

vioua year by a man who sui*fere heevj/- losses, f’onae-

quently he did not like to re/peat it , Th® seeds of

discontent were scattered broad-caat and the sround

was novif ripe to bear fru it, i’iie army of Isaq reaented

/ i t very much and enii)haticall/ i’ofused to obey Kaj

the enemy of men and (/od, ^2 / od ^ttXail Amir bin

V'asila adviaed the people to wvitlJiold tlieir allegiance

to the calipl^RTid his govenicr ariu allegjiance to

Abdur Kninan oin Ashath, AH uiiaiiiaiousl/ agreed to

do it, In the nesjitinie i bdur I idixoan itiade terms

with Ratbail on condition that he v/ould exempt him

from paying tax in case he oaiie out victorious in

this attempt. After ap^.ointing hia deputies over the

conquered cities he marched towards Iraq at the head

44

'*•1 Tabari Vol VIIT p. 8 ; Ausaiiul Ashraf V.XI p 324 ^2 Ibni Khaldun 7,ol H I P. 47. ; Ibni Athir p.224

*3. Ansshul Ashraf Vol '"'I p, 327

of Iraki&n amy, **■! /iaha , the poet was in front

of his army aati/rin,j H&jjaj. This vms the greateat

risinc; that had to face. It threatened the very

cxistenoe of ti e throne. It vw.s really the greatest

irony of fate tliat the beat eras which he aer.t to be

used against Hatbail, were now to be used ej&inst

himself. Kajjaj wrote this to A'odul 'lalilc appealing

to him for reinfo re einent, V/hen ITftiallab received

this newo, he -.vrote to TTaJjaj not to interfere with

the rebela t i l l they reached Basra, 3eoauae the people

of Iraq , he said v/ere j lat like fllod ^lich could

not be checked.hadjhe cont/itiraeid, ^reat love for thefrA

children and wives and when they w ill reach among them,

their love for their family would certainly throw

cold water on their sp irit, Ilajjaj paid no attention

to hia advice and simply loujhed at it, ’"hen the x-e-

inforceraent sent by Abdul Tlalik arrived, Hajjej le ft

Basra to meet the enemies and reached -ewi^r, * 2 He

^ent a detacliment of his array to me t Abdar Kahiaan.

Ila jja j’ s army v/as badly defeated and many of his men

fe l l fi;5htinj. HejjaJ was compelled to f a l l back on

Baara. A Tier rcachin;; near Basra he turned towards

45

Abdur Haiun&n a a.vmy entered Basra and the

people of Basra a'’ion whow were Gm« readers end'^ukh?

a;5reed to owe allegiance to Abdur Hehman, It was the

outcome of wide spread discontent which pervaded in

Iraq. *3 H ajja j'e hsrahness in collecting taxes

was greatly responsible for it , A lar^e number of

people anbraced IsIejq end flocked in crowds to the

Ansabil / shraf V, XI. ?,328

*2 Ansabul Ashraf p. 353 ; Ansabul Aahraf Vol 336 Tbn.| ‘ thir Vol IV p. ?P5; 7cb'5«I '^ol V III,p . 10

*3, Ibni Athir Vol IV p 225; Ibni Athir Vol IV p.225• 3 Ansabul Aahraf p 337, ? Tabari Vol VT“I p 33

cities. HajJaj thought the conversion was a derice

to escape capitalatXlon tax and was not dictated by

the lionoarable laotivee. The xxxsxxssxx. rerenue also

went down, HajjaJ ordered hie deputy to send them

beck to their Tlll&;5es and to collect taxes from

them jsudbuexx as before. They chafed very much at

this demand;, They went about the city cryin,; ** Oh

Mohaiffiaad, Oh IToha'tmad” knowtn.5 not ishere to .go,**

*1 The ihAj'an readers were very r.ich moved at this

scene and thus it very laach tended to alienate their

sympathy from him. They swelled the dimension of the

army of rebels \iiiiich facilitated very much the deve»

lopment of the re^jollion, 7i,'^t between llajjaj and

bdur Ralman recorimenced in the yes.r 81, The issue

of t}xc fiijht rens.ined fluotoating for sorae time. ?lnally

the people of Iraq gave \vay pjid turned towards Cufa

with their leader Ab iur p.h nrn, "reat plunder and

alaajhter follov/ed, nearly ten th 'ustana laer. of his

anuy were killed and this bsttlc .*:as nciVied the battle

of Zav'iy&h ( tSThe people, who regained in Basra

gathered under the comincud of j'-b' ur Pahsicin bin Abbae

bin Hfilblp,, ^a jja j fou:;h‘ ?/ith him for five days

and dispersed hio .“ollowers. a tribe of Basra

joined Ihni Ashsfh in ITufr. "’'ajjaj ai.pointed He Raia

bin Ayil|b’it3 Seqfi hio der-ut./ over "’nsrf. p:ad turned

hiB face to'.wrds /lufa, /Te ipncaaipsd f?t T-?.ire Qiarrah

and Abdur encaraped ot T>riri *4 Abdul

:talik now n.doptel a conciliat<ywy attitude. He offered

tems to th i rebels through / his son Abdullah and his

brother ’Toiicinraad bln ''tnr'/zc.n th£.t ITaj would be dis-

46

-t*2 Ansabul Ashraf Vol XI p, 341

I b n i t t ^ t h i r T o l p a .;e 2 2 5 , '’•3 Taoeri Vol VIIT pate 15.

missed, their stipends would be continued as they used

to have ‘beforehand that Abdur Rahman would be given

the Governorship of the province he chose. * 1 Abdar

Raiiman was a l it t le inclined to come to term* with

the caliph but his followers were quite uncompromising,

yirtunately for Hajjaj they dissuaded him from doing

so. Hajjaj remonstrated with the caliph for adopting

such an attitude which would only tend to encourage

theaa/ atgainst him reminding him of the fate of the

Caliph Usman. He then prepared for the battle which

was isx to decide the fate of the rebellion. Shortly

after battle was fought very furiously. The army of

Abdur Rahman fought with .^reat courage and valour suid

so did the army of Hajjaj trying its level best to

defeat the enemies but to no purpose, * 2 , The figlit

raged v«ry terribly the issue hung in the balaxioe. Jabla

fe l l fighting in the war. The war continued for about

three month® and a half after his death. A good mahy

men and animals were killed in the fight. Both the

amies were almost exhausted after suffering many

reverses. The bodies of the dead remained unheeded on

the fie ld with nobody to weep over them. The issue

was decided by a battle fought on the 15th Jamada 83.

which decided the fate, ^3 Abdur Rahmein with his fo­

llowers was totally routed, ^ a jja j sent loharamad bin

Marawan to Meusal, Abdullah bin Ajbdul Malik to Syrim '

and himself w«ntto Kufa. After arriving at Kufa, he

made the inhabitajit take oath of fealty to him at the

point of the sword. Those, who hesitated to do b o ,

were mercilessly put to the edge of the sword. He

*1 Tabari Vol VII p. 15 : "^V o l III p, 48." If- ^

*3 Ibni ^hali/din Vol, III p, 49

47

lodged the Syrian army in the houses of the people

of Kufa. Abdur Rahaan reached Basra, inhere his defea

ted followers and others joined him. He again put up

a gigantic force against Hajjaj. Hajjaj engaged him

in a hotly contested fight. The fight prolon^;ed

for a Ions time. Ziad bin Ghanam Kaini an officer of

ila jja j’ a Coiamisaariat fe l l fighting . This iUsh*arten«d

the army of Hajjaj very much, Fajjaj with great courage

and fortitude stood throughout the iii^ole night enooura-

ginc his army. The fight began with renewed vigour in

the morning, *1 Baataai bin Tlusaqqala with 40C0 men

of Basra and Kufa attacked the army of Hajjaj ^ i^ h

repulsed hin thrice, Abdullah bin /bdul Ualik finding

in audi critical position^rushed into the army

of Abdur Rfhman and bravely pressed them back, Hajjaj

also fe l l upon the enemies at the same time. The army

of Abdur Ralmsin v/as totally defeated. Some describe /

the defeat of Abdur Hahioan thus : —

A Bddion informed Hajjaj of a secret pasaage

leading to the csuap of Abdur Rahman bin Ashth . Hajjaj

sent 4000 men with him. ?'hen morning oame Hajjaj

commenced fighting, Hajjaj was defeated and Abdur

Raiman after seizing much booty returned to his camp ,

In the meantime those 4000 men whom Hajjaj dispatched

with the Bedouin came upon the Camp of Abdur Rahmaa

unawares, Abdur Rahman ooald not present a bold front

against him as he was unprepared for it. His troops

were scattered in confusion, ’tany of his soldiers

were drowned in the ditch in their attempt to escape.

48

> 1 Ibni I’lml^f^dun Vo 11 I I I p. 50

P.T,0,

Abdur Ralman escaped towards Sajistan, *^1 TThen Hajjaj

oaiae to know that AMur Rahmaii Imd escaped towards

Sajiatan, he sent 'ivefmeT bln Tamiiaul and his

son at the head of a detachment to pursue him. They

met him at Sub where they easily put him to flight.

Ahdur Rahman then le ft for Sabur where he collected

the "Tkrads" and jjave them a battle in iwiiich ^niniarah

was defeated, Inspite of this success Abdur Raiaaan

did not stay in Sabur bat passed on to Kirman, The

j rail of Kirman ^ave him a sood reception and lodged him

in the court ( ) . ’ bdur Rahman then marched to

Zara.n3 , the Amil of v/hich shut the doors on him*g Ab­

dur Rahman laid sie^e to it but despairing; of Buccess

marched towards Bust. The Amil of Bust received him

w ill but finding him off his 'uard imprisoned him to

gain the farour of "'aj jaj^^-g^atbail, who on hearing ofpyU'

the arrival of Abdur Rnlimon csme near to heard

of his arrest . He threatened the Amil to set him

free, Ayaz, the amil of ’ ust was then compelled to

do it* In the near time the shattered remnants of

the followers of Abdur Rahman jathered near Sajistan

with the intention of talcing IQiurasan. Thej intimated

their intention to Abdur Rahman, who did not agree

with them because he Imew that ll«liallab b n - ^ i d

was there and the other reason was that the army of

Khurasan and Syria would eassiiy combine against him,

but his followers listened to nothing and he was com­

pelled to march wi1Jh th ^ towards Harrat, Abdulah bin

Abdut HahBian bin Samarah secretly fled away from them

with 2000 men, *4 Ibne resented it very much and

49

&

*1 Ibne Khal/j^^n v'ol* pa^e 50^glbni Kal/?!^?! <c ”•’‘■3 Ibni TOial^d^ Vol I I I page 50 ' 4 Ibni KhalMdin V ol I I I page 50

came with his few followers vriiile others r€Biain«d

XB in Sajistan with Abdur Hahcian bin Abbas, There la

anotaer Tersion of it which is as follows j —

2000 defeatec followers of Abdar Rahman

gathered and he marched at their head towards Harrat,

where he met the enemies, who defeated him, Yazid bin

liuhallab asked them to cwacaate the province at one?.

They said that the ' hare halted to taire respite and

would soon leaye it. But Abdullah Din Abbas bogt'ja to

collect tax, ?.lien Yaaid received thie news he waa

anra ied and attaclred then at once, *2, The fight

took place in the open plain/ ai Harrat, where the

enemies were scattered and rein awa/. '''a2sid did not

purtsue them, but seized a ll that their ccmp contained,

liany of his followers were arrested cmong whom were

AbduiSalman bin Talha ana Abdullah bin 5’azala. Yasid

bin MuhallaD ac’ter sending the prisoners in charge of

Subra bin Najd to Hajjaj went tovmrds ^'eroe. At the

time of departure-his brother Hab^b kept Abdur Rahman

bin Talha and Abdullah bin Ij’azzal because the father

of the former had paid debt of liuhallab which amounted

to one lakh of dirham and the latter belonged to theprisoners

tribe of Azd. Excluding these two, a ll were

brought in chains to Hadjad at the site of ^asit,1

These many fights made H ajja j's temper rery sour. He

satisfied his wrath by putting many of them to the edge

of sword. In order to stamp cut a l l sort sitions , he

terrorised the people by inflicting the most brutal

punishment on those who favoured or joined the rebels.

50

*2 Ibni TChalj|! din Vol H I page 51

P.T.O.

I t struck terror into the. hearts of the people, and

there was no serious rebellion a,^ainst him afterwards

Hajjaj put questions to the prisonera ,S:ac*c;ordin3 to

the nt)ture of their replies , he either put them

to tiie edije of sword or set them fref;, T/hen A.sha the

poet was brought into his presence, he asked him to

recite the poem which he recited between Aslj^and ^ais

*1 Asha recited th^oem with chti^ged rjiymea t i l l he

reached as far as( ^ ^6. ) bledsed is

the moth.er and the child whom she bore) "now” cried

out Hajjaj, ” you would not surTire to satirise any

body else.” -Te ordered his head to be cut off, 0ns

of the prisoners said to Hajjaj that he had a claim on

him, Hajjaj asked aa to what it v/as. The prisoner

replied that when once Ibni Ashath spoke i l l of him

and his family, he forbade him from doing so. Hajjaj

asked him to brin^ some body to bear testimony to hi8

statement. The prisoner replied that one of his fellow-

prisoners could bear him out in liis statement, Hajjaj

asked the prisoner, who supported the former prisoner,

Hajjaj asked the latter as to why he did not act in

the same way as his fellow did. The prisoner asked

whether truth would liave any value with hira. To which

Hajjaj replied in the affirmative, *2 The i>risoner

then said that he did not act in the srme manner as

he bore i l l -w i l l towards him and his family. Hajjaj

ordered them to be set free one for giving true evi-

dence and the other for his good deed. This shows

that sometimes he could be actuated by good motives.

51

^1, Ibni ■ ' haJy din Vol paje 51,

* 2Ibni Aaakir Vol IX page 62, The same story occursyf in the following books with certain changes.

Ikd, Part I page 244,Mubarrad page 345.

Aft®r the dereat of Abclur lahman bin Ashath many

of b.i3 followers went to Omar bin A^i who had

taken Raya daring the time of anarchy.*IThey tried to

incite him to rise a^sainst Hajjaj, -Bi-iioh he refused.

They then .rent to his brother , \fiio fe l l in with his

views. Consequently when alba came to I?aya, they a ll

opposed him under the ooiamand of Omar but they -jrere

defeated, Omar fled away to Tabaristan, where he was

well received by Aobahioz. qutaba intimateoL this toeither

Hajjaj, who sent a despatch to Ashabiez asking him/to

send the rebel, or^^ji^head to him which he did. ^^fter

sustaining defeat, Abdur Ra,hraan went to Rat*'BailJ2; Hajjaj

threatened and induced Ratbai:^ to hand over Abdur

Rahman to him , One of the followers of Abdur Rahman

nrmed Obaid bln Ssm^i^Jl^ini, who used to brin^ his

message to Rafb&A adviced him (Ratbai::^) to out off

his head, ^asim bin Ashath cume to know of it and

informed his brother advioins him to k ill Obaid. -.Then

Obaid bin Sami^’a^imi became awar« of the intention of

'*'i^Abdur Raiiman he induced Rat 3ai^ to send Abdur Rahmaft’ s

'^^head to Hajjaj in return for which he would set

him exempted from the pa.Puient of ^capitation tax for

7 years. Rat bail agreed to it. Obaid bin Cami^ came to

Amara, who wrote this to Hajjaj. Hajjaj consented to

it ajid instead of 7 years, he exempted him for 10

years. Ratbail then sEtt cut off his head and sent it

to Hajjaj. Some say that Abdur Rahman died of consiimp-

tioi^after his death Ratbail sent his head to hajjaj.

It is also said that Ratbail sent Abdur Rc-hman with jiZO

Hembers of his family to Amara, where Abdur Rahman

committed suicide by jumping down from the roof. Amara

then cutting off his head sent it to Hajjaj.

52

* 1 Ibni Kho.lX^d!fir V. I l l p. 52 *2 Ibni KhalXid^ V.ITI pa^e 52 *3 DO BO 53.

Chapter VII.

After bringing the cojintry to its normal st*t«

had to resort to the ansparin^ use of tae Bword, Hi» wrath

jcnew no bo-mda novf. Unprecedented and idioXeafi.le slaui^tttr

followed, Heitiior birth nor ranJc availed o «^ t to afford

protection fron the punisl'uiient which the people's guilt

merited, Hjjjjaj hn^ received a letter from to

the effect that he ahould pat to aword a ll, Kriio did not

aclaiowledje their breach of faith to the Caliph, Hajjaj

carried out his order to the /lettor. It would not ba out

of place to quote some inBtanccs of hia forgiveneaa that

wo aid throw later on favourable li^jht on his character,

-1 HajjftJ enquired about Ghabx, who waa one of the aroh ribels,

■faaid bin ■luBlia replied that he v/ao in ilai. Hajjaj wrote

to liia deputy Itutaiba in liai to arreot Shabi and to aend

hin to hin, V/hen Shaibi came every bod/ waa certain that^ 2-*

Shaibi would meet his det'.th at tixe iiand of ’TajjaJ, irazid

bin lluelia and Huhaiouad son oi HaJ je j aaid to Shaibi that

his death waa certain , V/hen Siiaibi ma brougiit into the

presence of ’-a jja j, he asked him, *'0 Shaibil" Are you the

uan, who went B-sainst ue," '’Yea” aaid Shaibi, "’lay (Jed

aet your affa irs ri^iit. Our auartere beoame sorrowful, our

paths became blocked up, T/e set on the bod of fear and

used sxx the coil^riam of wakefulnecs, V.'e fe ll into a plight

in which neither the pious were too '.}od-fsarins nor r o g u e

\T«re too powerful" llajjQj set hira free, A nmn ooac to

Hajjaj and nail to him, -tfas very yell known for any loyaltyUrxCC.

but my brother rebelled a§ «^st Ibni Aaliath, Itty s t ip e n d

was forfeited ,''•3 ll'j house vma deaoliahed, Hajjaj e a i d ,"Do

you not know what the poet said'* « r

•’'•1 Ikbari V,VIJ- p 31^2 :.:i.audi /ol V p 334‘ '3 Ibni Askir /ol IV p, 61,

1 YourBinner is that who sins against you. Sometimes the

seats of the mangy camel infect the healthy.

2. Ilany are made to suffer for the sina of their neighbours

while the sinners evade punishment.

The man replied, " 0 Commander of the Faithful, Did you know

Thfy said, '>fi l^ightjt one, he has an old father. You had

better arrest any of aft in his place. ¥« find you.Tery kind."

58

He r#J)lied, G<Jtl forbid, thaV we should arrest any otherI e ' /

man than* the one with whom we found "our property” HajjaJ

ordered hi« house to be built aiid his stipend to be conti-j t. ■*■ - ynued as before,

Hajjaj expelled all the^Ue^^,{Jurists) an^Iawali, whieh took part in the rise of iimX Ibnul Ashahth to the Tillages from the city, which the centre of learning and enlighten-

A

ment. He branded on their liands tlie name of the Tillages to which they belonged,*lHaj ja j ’ s--g5ule lasted for a long

time, these people in the meantime settled in these Tillages where their family multiplied. The reault was tliat the

minds of their children eould not develop well there and

their language was also very badly affected, iS hen SulaiBian

bin Abdul Malik became Caliph he brought these branded m«n

back to the city. TIajjaj also killed Ibni Kiii^ya^^ who

was very well noted for his learning and eloquence, ’A hen

Ibni KirriyeJi was brought into the presence of Hajjaj, he

entreated his pardon thus, " 0 Commander of the Faithful,

pardon my fault, a horse’ sometimes stumbles, a sword some­

times glances o ff stnd to err is human,**2lJot" replied Hajjaj

" t i l l I send you to hell". T hen Hajjaj had cleared Iraq

of his enemies he began to heal the wounds which he had

inflicted with money. When Abdul Malik came to know of it ,

he wrote to him, " I have cone to that you spend more money

in a day than the Commander of the faithful does in a wtek.

*1 Mubarrid 286. *2 Ayunul Akhbar 127

10« I f th«lr wurriors had not defended » ay limbs, ivould

have beui tom o ff by the wolves and hyena,

Abdul Halik then wrote to him to do as he wished.

HaJjaJ now adopted draatic Lieasurea to keep the restless

province in order, and followed the policy of "Blood andlroB”.

Hajjaj ia said to have brou^it upon him and hia family,

the wrath of tlie brother of Caliph Abdul Azia and hia son

Oioar, He advised Abdul 'lalik to declare hie own aon T?a}tid

aa heirr*apparent, superseding the olaiin of hia brother Abdul

Aziz. Abdul Aziz dialiked this very much and did not a ree

with him," Abdul Halik harshly treate(5 him and asked him

to send the Egyptian taxes.Abdul Azia then wrote to AbdulA

Halik, "Po I not see in my son what you see in yours, besides^

we both are old aiid know not uaio'n. of us may die soon, .There­

fore leave it tlius alone." IText yeai Abdul Azia died and

Wahid was proclaimed Heir apparent,*^

In the yeai* S6 diid the fjreat patron of tlajjaj, Abdul

llalik bin '^arwan in whose l i f e time transpired a world of

events, '."hen Abdul .'alik was on hie death bed he advised

his son to show respect to riajjaj and make much of hiia for

it was he, wlio made his name proclnime' on every pulpit and

did ever ’iihina for him. '^hen tlie news of the Caliph’ s death

reached Hajjaj, he asoended the uulpit and delivered the

Khutla ( sermon). After praising dod he beger. tUus.i-

♦3, "Oh People, when the deatli of your prophet was

announced to him, he said, T.Iohcumaad is nothing but a messen­

ger like whom nany other measeaiers have come aixd gone. I f

he dies or he ia killed^ w ill you turn round on y.ur heela"

The prophet died and then tlie rightly guided Caliph among

whom were Abu Baikr, Umar and the oppressed XTsman, Hnawiyah

then followed suit and then your C a lip l^ e ll establislied

60

♦1 Tabari Vol. V III p. 54 £*2 Ibrie :aialladia Vol I I I p. 58., TonS^Uiir Vol IV p 249

~~lnin-TrA<i - -^art II vol I , page 283,

reputation whom the world liad tested and esqperiences m*d«

strong. He was fond of the recitation of CJuran, v/as manly

and showed leniency to the people t/rue to their religion,

and ponishcd those, who went aetry. He ranked fourth among

the pious Caliphs. God selecteJ-for him the "best of what

He had. He had wisdom, gentletaanliness and brarery. Ha

had always the cause of religion and the affa irs of state

in the focus of his attention* licfmre of going astray, it

harms none but on^ly the Bian, who goes astray* I know

fully^ whether you are satisfied or dissatisfltd with my

opinion of you* If/ I had Icnown any body stvonger and xaore

strongly versed in your a ffa irs than myself, I should not

have accepted the governorship. Beware , I would put to

death those, who would indulge in gossip about me, and learela<f

uM|tol«ated those, who would keep quiet. Such people dieA

with their i l l s uneured, ;iien \7alid became Caliph, he also

reposed ent^ire confidenee in HaJjaJ, who wielded t^^en<^

dous influence with him. Just after the death of Abdul

:Tiaik, he imprisoned the sons of his famous general Kohallab

,»1 It has already been r«saarked that Tasid pardoned some

of the leading men, who had taken part in the rebellion of

Ibnul Ashath, Hajjaj sent repeate<i complaints against

Yaxid to Abdul 'talik, yf warning him against his treachery,

Abdul TIalik allowed Hajjaj to dismiss him and to select

any loan to supersede him, HaJjaJ aocordingly appointed

iCulMUJr* in Ixis plaoe and a«k«d Yasid to come to him after

handing over the charge to hia brother nuffasal, Hajjaj

then dismissed 7aaid aft^erwards and appointed ITuffasal

governor of Khurasan, Yassid departed from Khurasan In 85

,Hine months after thia KUtaiba superseded Liuffazal,

There is another account of the dismissal* Hajjaj after

quelling the rise of Ilmul Ashath tried to put the Irakiana

to hmUfiAW-on while Yazid honoured them* TIany a time

^"7

61

!T<P

HaJJaj s«at for Yasid but he always inyented some «xous«s ^

did not turn up, Hajjaj asked him to invade,Khawariaa ,

but he refused saying that it inrolTed lit t le profit and

Bxuch troubles . Hajjaj then sent for him, he made the ex -

ouse that he was busy making preparations to invade Khawarism,

Hadjaj prohibitted him from invading I3iawarisiii but Yazid

turned a deaf ear to his prohibition. This invasion by

chanoe a^et with disaster, Hajjaj v/as much vexed at it andS

wrote to Abdul llalilc about his dismissal, Abdul TIalik wrote

to him in reply as had been mentioned above. In the year

86 A,H, he imprisoned Yazid bin iluballab and his brothers.

They remained in his custody t i l l the yeax 90. TPhen Hajjaj

began to muster an array to punish the Ikrad, who had taken

possession of Persia, *he took ■ Tuhallab* a sons with him and

put them under the Syrian ^ards, Hajjaj charged them with

the embezzlement of the money of public treasury. He de -

manded the sum of 60 lakhs from them in default of which he

ordered them to be put to torture, H ajjaj’ s wife Hinud ,

the sister of Taaid could not bear this sisht and begsm to

weep, Hajjaj at once divorced her. The prisoners any how

managed their escape by getting the guards drunk, Hajjaj

thxnking that they went to Khurasan v/arned Kutaiba against

the danger but they fled to llamlah, where they took refuge

with Sulaiman^the Caliph’ s brother, Hajjaj persisted on

the caliph’ s making him deliver up Yazid to him ( Hajjaj),

Sulaiman wrote to the Caliph interceding for him but ¥alid

insisted on his being brought to him firs t , Sulaiman then

sent him together with hib son in ohains with a letter in

which he supplicated mercy for him. TJalid set him free

and forbsuie H ajja j’ s inj^ertpi^with him, Ya*id then remained

with SulaiS'las his favourite waiting for the opportunity

to pay H ajja j's family in the same coin, ^

P,T,0,

n

I * Th« ittfluime* of with Valid led to the d ia «i»««l

of pioaa UMur AMul Asis froa the aSoTcniorshlp of IStkka

•nd TiadiiiA, osaajr e ol«ea«ney of natur* drew a good peepX«

from inMi, vere tired of the iron rule of HaJJaj* Gone

of the r«btls> yHao had t«kJcen part In the rleins of Ilml Asath

also ran a«ay to the proriiuie under Osar to eseape the punish

aent of HajJaJ, HaJ a vas very aaoh enraged at this. He

wrote to Walld that Omar bin AMul Asls had given shelter to

the Balsontents and ouj^prits and thue he stood in the way(/ uAy

of arrest, whleh would certainly weaken the oapire, ^'alid

aooordin^ to his wish dlsBUssed Ihni Abdul Asj-z froa Hldjas

and appointed Khalid in his place oTer lakka» Usman bin Hiysa

oqFer-4tikkka and Usman bln Hiysn over !£adina« Hhalid after

reaching Tlakka turned out the refugees by force and threaten­

ed the people with puniBhm«nt i f they g4Te shelter to any

Iranian refugee. Thus Saeed bin Jubair and others were

a r r e s t s and aent to lla jja j, Iisl<l a long talk with

and orderad him to be a&eeuted, Rmorun seised his

aind a fte r this execution. He often used to wake up in the

ni£^t with the Tision of this v iotia before his eyes that

used to cry out *0 en«ay of God, fo r v ^ t have you k illed

a e .” HaJJa4 &lso used to keep ealling, " What hare I done

with you, 0 son of Jubair* HaJJsJ is said to have died two

years a fter h is execution.

After eatablishln^ his position on a fixa footing

he began to aspire to carry i t beyond the confines of his

provinces. He sent hia well known general tm K^taib Ilml

Uualla to push forward the conquests in Central Asia. It

w ill be too tedious to follow them out in details^ hence a

b r i e ^ outline w il l be sufficient to give an idea of eoa -

quest fe r which the rule of Walid is so very well known.

------------------------------------------------------------ ------ ------

* TabMl Vol. V III . P*S« 90 a ^ 94.

Kutaiba at flr iit maroh«d a f lo a t Bokhara,^ TukhaxittaQ

and irarghaoa. Among the booty «a « A1 Bukhara the v if «

o t tht vtlX-knoim physieian Baxaak* He msM giTen to

hlB brother AbdulIah,»lSha was r«st«red to hla people

afterwarda, but the result of thia unioft «aa a ahild^

«ho waa knowa. aa Khalld 3emaki« Kutaiba adTanoed a ^ la a t

Baikund, a trading oity of Bukhara* The Turks and the

SU£^ gathered round Kutaiba to defend their o ities.

They out o ff a l l coioBiunieatioB, lla jja j was too anxioua

fo r him beeauae for two aontha he reoeiyed no tidioga.

He had the prayers offeree in the zaosques for hia. At

laat the eity wlb conquered and a yast amount of spoils

and arms such as never had been seen in lOiurasan f e l l

into the handa of Kutaiba* Another inymaion was nade

against Bukhara and ntany places of note were captured,

*2 A te rrib le fight ensued between Kutaiba and the

vast/ axuy of Sughd and the surrounding d istrict under

th€ ooomand of the nephew of the i^ e r o r of China, who

a fter a stubborn fight gave »ay • Kutaiba then adyaneed

a<(sainst Mardan* king of Bukhara, through Sugh-

and Kiah but eould not storm the city aa every attempt of

his was very well resisted, * 5 Hajjaj admonished

Kutaiba fo r his fa ilu re and sent him a p/i lan of defence,

whieh he had prepared himself • This time his attaok

was more vehement, and routed the enemy, Bukhara fe l l ,

and the surrounding country followed suit. The muslim

troops were withdrawn owing to the approach of winter,

Ilaaak, the mininster ,of the provinoe of Takharistan pre­

vailed upon the people of surrounding oountries to turn

*1 Tabari Vol VTXI p 60 i Tabaran Vol BUT p 62, *2 Tabari Vol V III page 66,*3 Tabari Vol V III page

turn out tb« foreign power vas gottlia^ strong

on The p«opl« from Mmrs^b down up to oxn» oo»-

bin«d under him to throw o ff .the mu»liia yoke. Kutafba

oould do nothing bat to Bt&tioii « guard on the frontier.

Next year, he received relnfore^meiitB from Persia* He

found Ha«ak Tery well established in the entrance of

the pass at !Chulm. iCutaiba bribed a deserter, who showed

a path to him leading to theopass, KUtaiba f e l l on them

through this »ea£sh path and force:- them to f ly to -

Farghana, ITasaic being hetoaed in at the «:itrance of

pass suffered very much from want o f provision, TTlnter

came on, Kutaiba was oompelled to retire to his winter

quarters, but he did not like leaving this advantage/ous

position. Promising safe eonduet to him ^^^brou^t him

to his oamp, where,, a fter arresting him, ke sought for

permission to kiJll him wtiieh was long in coji Bung

After the death of Hizak, the king of Jurgan , who was a

member of ooelition desired to make peaoe, X ‘ utaiba

invited him to his camp, vidiere he died. KUtaiba pushed

his conquest in further Sughdai^a and then returned to

Herwana, He then turned his attention towards SJistan

to figh t with Hatbail , but peace was made vith him,

Kutaiba now crossed Ozu* and advanced against Kharisirid

The kijog promised to give ICutaiba iOOOOO dirhems in

ease he would help him against his rebellioms brother,

Kutaiba fought with his brother and taking him prisoner

handed him over to his brother. The Shah k illed his

brother together with his followers and gave his property

to !Sutaiba. In the meantime Samarkand threw o ff a lle •

glance and Kutaiba ^ s reeaXled, ICutaiba c&me back

and marched against the city. The city held out fo r

long and the w ills were battered with engines. ICutaiba

made peaee on condition that he would enter the city and

and build a mosqu* th «r« and a ft « r oonduoting rclisioua

••rrioas, he would retira but «ha& he entarad it , he

did not avaoaata i t and daetroyad tha teioplaa, Kutaiba

vent on axtondlng tha conquest taking Khaginda,

and other o ltlaa 01* Farghana t i l l ha raaoheA Kaahgarh on

on the boundary o f China, vshera he made an interriew

with the king of China, nho in order to redeem the row

of KUtaiba that he would teke pesaeasion of the land of

ChiM aent a bag of the ao il of Chine for JUtjccbalng taps

jialnt y trampled upon and a bag of coin aa a tribute and

4 royal youtha. Kutaiba had reaohed the zenith of hia

Tietorioua career wh^ suddenly the tide waa t«med by

the Caliph* £» daath«

rjcpedition against Sindh : —

^1, The chief of the island of faqut aent some women

to HajJaj, who were bom of moha&SBadan parentst died

there* He mmted to gain M e favour taurou^ thia. The

boat which oarried them w&a orertaken by the peeple of

the king of itaid Baibal, A woman of Bannu Tabu, whoA

waa among them oried out, ** 0 • Oh TlajjaJ ; When

this news reached ira jja j, he sent a man to the king of

Daibal to datoand the release of the woman esptured by

his men, TTe wrote to him that pix^tes on whom he had no

hold, had oaptured them. Ilajjaj then wrote to Abdullah9

bin Zabahan to urge isar against the kin^ of Daibal. Abdulla

bin Nabhan accordingly fo u ^ t a battle with the king of

Daibal, which resu/ulted in his death, HajjaJ then wrote

to Budail b in4c& ;fatul B a jli , who waa in >Oltear at that

time tolead an invasion againat the king of Daibal, When

Budail met the enemies his ho^se shield and he f e l l down,

from it . The en«uiea surrounded him and k illed him en

that very spot. Hajjaj then appointed MuhasBad bin Qasiii

to take over ^ e ehaxge of the expedition againat Daibal,

lohaaamad c^asia wa& at that time in Feraia, llohMnad waa

put at the head of 6,000 Syriana and other aoldiera.

(z

*1 soppli«d the axsiy v lth a l l •oris of nto«-

sMury things so BUMh so that «r«n n««dXe« and plsoM of

ootton soaked la rlnsgar to bs ussd In oass thsy fsXl short

of rinagar, wsra suppliad to thm , from Iraq* *2 Uohamad

a ftar sonquariog llakvan and Kalsboon raaohsd Dalbal« Ha

basia^ad i t and ahan the aiega proloagad for a long tima,

ha ooasultad !IadJaj • Hajja4 aanagad to kaep the eoaeaa «

nlaation in an uapracadantad aay« Uohsawad uaad to get rapljr

from Hajjs4 vithin threa days, lla jja j adTiaad hia to oaa

the Catapults namad the " Brlda** He also supplxad hia

with diraatiotts for its uaa« Mohatmoad followad /C h is adTiea

with the raaiilt that tha stones from this aatajpi;&lt worked

havoe ia the eity and la id i t wasta, Tha pinnatie of i^e

famous temple of Budh where flal^^ad its red fla g was thrown

down hy this eatapult« Tha enaaiiiea being nueh paaio etrlakaa,

were easily routad«» xtft aad many priests were killed*

*2 I£ohaasad pushed on hia eonqLuast beyond 'lahran » where

ha again set Balllr , who was surrounded by his elegants*

XMibir was taken unawares, Hohsjauad fo u ^ t an unuaually «

te rrib le battla in whieh Dalsiir was k illed and his followers

naltad in eonfusion. VTholesale slaughter then follewad« —

*4 Hohannad then took Raiwar, where Dabir*s wife and her

maidens burned themselyes in. order to eseape dishonour. He

then added to his eonquered places old BrahmalNui and mde

peade with the people*of Haiwar,

After orossiag the Biyas, he la id siege to Multan.

Tha siege prolonged for some time and it s people began to

run short of prorisioas, • A fter holding out fo r sosis time,

they surrendered* ^5. 'iohanoad put a l l the fighting men to

*1 Fatuhul Buldan 441*2 Patuhul Buldan 442#5 " • 443♦4 " • 444♦5 • * 445

to svord and tiuilr faialliftSy vho nuBib«r«d about 6000 w«r«

MMdt prisoner*. ICuoh goXd wmm oaptiurcd as booty^ It wui

kept In »&e«XI 10 by 8 laands, HuXtan was nomed the • Oata*

vay of the house Gold", The Budh of Ltultan waa an idol to

i^ loh presents from aXl parts used to eome. The pllgyimase

used to be performed there erery year. The piI$(rjiBS used

to so round this Idol with their beards and heads shared

o ff* *1 HiajJaJ nov found that he had spent on this ex •

pedition about 60 millions and the whole eum mhieh he reoeired

out of this eaq^editlon was 120 m illions. HajjaJ then renuurked

” I hare satiated oiy wrath , hare had ny vengesnee and hare

been a gainer by 60 la illion s.” Shortly a fter this HaJjsJ

died and was followed by Alwalid. ( « a« brou^^t as

prisoner with 'tuawlysh bin Abdullah to A1 iraq> \rtiere he

was c r «e lly put to death.)

♦1 ?atuhul 3uldan.r»% 445,

Chapter 7 III

/s'

*1 Hfcjjaj after pacif/in.^ the coiuirtry turned hlo

attention tamrdB bulldinsB and refonaB, He now fe lt the

need o f founding a military contonment for the Syriymn

army because it waa through the Syrian soldiers vrho were

the fexIovr»r8 the Oimc&yad* a axmy that he oouXd qu«X^

so many insuxrectionB, It lias already heen shown that HaJJaj

houaed the Cyrians in the quarters of the people of I'ufa*

In the year 83 , he ordered the people to make preparation

for the invasHiou of iChuraaan. The people of I'ufa were

ordered to he in readiness for maroh, A young men, 1^0

waa newly married to hie 'jinole’ s daughter came one nij^t

to hiB wife, 3y cliance a m a n began to iaiock at tlie door

very laudly, T.'hen the youns laan gjot tired of the noieei

he opened the door a n d found a tipey soldier of the Syrian

ajnby standing a t tiie d o o r . Hie wife a l s o c o E ^ l a i n e d icfcto

him tliat he in the habit of teaaing her daily, ’Te killed

him at tiie spot and, teliin-; his vrife to send hie corpse to

the parip o f Syrian oroy, lo ft the house. The w o m a n did

aocordinjly, f ihc waa arrestea cjid brou jht into the pre -

sence of Hajjaj. She said to Hajjaj v/hat she and her ha»-

bcudd had done. Hajjaj addresoinj to the Syrian crEiy «aid,

"Behold the fate of your companion,. He had neither wiedoa

nor ooi£ion aense.. This murdered laan w ill have hie place

in hell and w ill remain unaven^^ed." He then ordered that

none of the Syrians should stay in ?Cufa, He ordered eome

people to select a plaoe f o r their camp. They saw a monk

sweeping a place. CInr beinfj aeked^ the reason, he said

that according tc the prediction in hie book, a swaque

would be erected there. HaJjaJ when built the city,he

la id tl'ie foundation of a mosque thereinThe site of the

city of "^asi^ having been formerly coTcred with reeds i.e .

?atuhul 3uldan p. 298

>i.e . the city acquired the name of ^asitul .•'aab.

It ia eqaidiatant from Ahwaz Kufa and Baara. Tbr.ul Karrjy^

remari:s '• ’ ajjoj }ia3 not founded tJiie oity In iiie land

and shall not leave it to hia pro.^eny, "’lien the oity had

been populated, he v/rote to AfckUI 'taliic T have built a

city in tiie hnllov/ of ttio 3 i'ound.*'*:isr'^)e.twoeri M jiba l and

Alriisraii\ and have cailod ’ aia it liesj half way bet-

wet'n thesci t.vo plaoos. ’’hot ic rrhy the people of ’”aDifr ’.yere

called v l3ri:-'un. “roat -iredit < u due to rlajjaj for

liiukijii arabio the Isnjuii je of r,he court " c.jietere, Persian

had hitherto been the ianjac/^e of tlie Court "^c^iyters of

"Giiraj of Assr-’,md and the rest of Ix'aq. Y’hen ’'a jja j bcccuae

the gorernor of Iraq , he oslocteJ. Ilaidan '5’arrok ihni Tabra

as hio ‘Jccretary and he/ .vaa also helped by Halch Ibni Abdur

P.ahnan of a.Ttlilab, -;7ho iaiow both Arehic and Persian,

Zaidan I’arruidi introduced iivalc’i tn rr£jjaj,.and he aoon roso

into TlajjatiJ favo.ir« One day '^ale2i ;:aid to "aidan, ” Your

are the aan t:joux-'.\ vihoin I b'jcai-'io acquainted x/ith tlic governor

and I aee that he has found raea. a c c c p t a b le . I , therefore,

should not s’onder i f he i,.-roi-ioted me oTer t]:ec," Zaidan

aaid, '■ ;G hat :uicre uae for mo thtn ' for him. ITone but

myself can k/zc;/) his registerr:j. C.loi. ;said, "3y / llaii , i f

I 3r> doiiirc ' cr.ri crir-n- e the- sxcounta Into /I’abic, Zaidan

jaici t.i hii;i to try naC: see i f ?ie co\Id do i t sudceesfully.

Baleh acoordln ’tly dia U . "n t}:C clr yo of /.bdur H&hraan

bin Ashratli ."aiaar '^nxrukh wr:; jftiled on hie wry

home fi-on Gone house, '"ajjej tJ'en jnr>.dc -rlelr Secretary

in his oJace. talen rsyortod to the conreraation* *** •that ho '-.h Taiden r»la tirc to o?irnje of the

lan3 -w.je of tho Ice.jiistera. "'cjjyj ncde up his laind to adopt

Arabic as th. It-iriTua c of f '.e re-i .• toi-s and he entrusted

i:aleh v/i th tnia zaak. '.durdan vShah aM\ of Zaidan Farrukh

'<•1 V a t i h u l " ^ u l d a r - p a ; ; e T O l

Farrokh aslccd Saleh ss to wliat he v/ould do with !!)aha'.ri.y h

this r>aleh rep lied that he would use ^ h r

and Misf 7chr, then further nskcd hin as to w!’-r.t he

would do ahoat '-id which me&nt exoeso. ’’’e replied that he

would use ^idan for it . ’"orrin-; thnt ''‘ardanshah remarked,

'■'lay Ocd efface '/our trace from the world as you }iave effaced

the trace of '^erBian," Sr.lch 'vas offered 10C,P00 dlrhnnis

as brihe I f he vroiild only refrain frora chan jin the lan(juag«I

of tbf re;iBtcr and w i ld pho’/; th.vt it iKposuible to do

3 ’ . ' ^ ' ^ l e h decline' t i i i a o f f e r -^nd c r i . r ^ r i c d h i o plan.•.i CO x'O t tix‘j'

bchil ’;i!'-id ibni Y a h / ' c xiiXK feK o f ibni ‘'oh&mra&d u&ed

t o B B S " - r e e t i s ^ . n l e h a n d i - > " ' . ' . c f a v o u r , r r i j L c h h e

has ’oept- - ;ed unon the -eoretaricG." 'n.leh char jcd the Ian-

of "I'e re-T;i.Bter within t}ie period fixed by T’ir.jjaj,

Hnjjr'j then turned his attention to’mrda minta;e,

'1 ’’Tnen '• bdal 'aiil: becarip nali. .h. he enquired into the

affairs ;vf currency, ‘fe tnun vrrote to MaJjaj bin "aauf

to mint dirhane ’.^ei^hin' 15 liratss. These dirhsaue v/cre

najned ■' pjiuie}iqi/ah. Hajjaj minted vliC dirhams firs t in tiie fi-Hyear 75, 'He then ordered them to be ninted in a ll otherr

cities in the ye»:r 7G. '.a jja j ninted fla t or impure dirhaa

and atanped on it PiBmillali, -^ajjaj. 'ie tiicn staiaped after

a year, -’"jod is one. He iiaa no partner, Fukha disliked th«a

and hence the lirhfyas Trere nc::ied ■'^akru ., ' thcra say that

the forei i'nerB did not like to use them o\7in j to oUort -waight,

Tt i 8 said that Abdul TTalik v/as ‘.he f ir s t to mint enjraved

coin,^2 , Kajja.j turned*hia attention tov/ards the improve­

ment of agricuitux'e. He had a nui:i0or of canals dO(j for ir r i

^atiou, 3ofore foandin.;; \ asi^ he iiad decidcd to reerde in

ABSin of ICasiiar. There he da-j the ca»iiftl of i:s3in. He

ordered tloat the workmen be chanijcd ao that they mi^ht not

run am'.'. After he imd settled in he *h-ad Annil and

"1 ratuliul :3uldan p. 471.*2 « " 473

_ « M 293

and Ajszabl canals dug. The l&tter v.'as so o&lled bec&ase

it oranoJied o ff from the old Z&bi., TTo thus reclaimed th«

land around these two canals', founded on that the city

called Annil and populated it,

*■1 To his oaatle aad oathedral nosqu© Kajjaj brought

doors fron Zandaword. Ad ■' a:n*t aii*I>air Hesisntasan

and Sharbi;^ wiiooe people pr:^ted sa/ins" e have been gua­

ranteed the aecurity of ^our cit^ies aiid possession but

he did not mind vahat they said, ^

■ 2 Ho then turned hi3 attention to the domain v/hichIT

Abd-ltiaii bin lar.vEiJ a fceed raan of l.!uav/iyah bin Sufi^tn

he.u. rtjcl&ined ( *vhen with A liau..];haira i'oni Ghubab he had

the ohar:^e of tiie lOiiraJ of Alkafa.) for ::iv/awriy i The

eotateo included wasteland, a\raiup3, ditchoa and thicJcets,

A1 Hajjaj built c’aiiui in thetic eatateu, had tlic reeda up -

rooted and added then to the eatateo of Abdul ItaliJc bin Ubjc-

v/an after populatir^i th^p. Hew breeches were $xx inade ia

A1 Bataih. '^2. najjcg v<rote to VcJi^d bifa Abdul I'aXilc

eatiiaptina tlict .Saaa 300,000 dirhsns would be required for

coasitructin^ t-he dmB, c'ila conuidereu it very high figure •

^usiwttaii ibni A jdal ire.liir said to /.Iwahid, ” I o ffer to

the eXijenaes provided you give luc as f ie l the low lying

tracta, in which v.'atci? w ill sttoid even^after 500,000 dirhaaa

he.ve been spent under the direct auperviaion of your trusted

luan Ale ih & i^. aocepted the offer. Al j^hlamah

gained posacsaian of the landB ti\at had juany caiitono close

together. He 'ndaced the farraera and the tenanta to coai#

arid hold the lazid. Thia land riourialxed t i l l the ”bless»diJL

dyneGt/’ccae , ;rIi.on the poaaeasione of 3anu Baa agiobc,

were confiscated,

Saiir !j&\d : — ” Accordins to the ’c/itsh of the landlords of

*■1 Patulial Buldan 299 »2 ** ” 296^ 5. *’ ” 3or,

of AnbaXjBad ibni Afci ^akkas wrote to Sad iljni Amar ibni

TTarem orderiiag him to dig a caiujJl for them. They dag it un­

t i l they reached a montain which they could not cut through,

v.'hen AlHaJjaj beceiae ^oTernor of A1 Iraq, he jjathered workjibea

from a ll regions and aaid to hie superintendanta ” Take note

of what each di^jer eats per day, i f eata as

rauch weight ao iifiiat he di ss then continue the work, Vhuo they

spent money very lavishly t i l l it w&a finished , The mountain

excavated was named after Hajjaj, while the canal was named af­

ter Sad ibni Amar ibni Haram. Ali^aJjaJ accused the non

Arab landlords and tiie people of ITagra|li| of havin;j taken a

part in the rising of Ibin Asath and tiierefore he raised the

nuzuber to 1800 robes and ordered that the robes be of the

kind adorned with figures. This continued t i l l iJroar ibni

Abdul Aaia ceuae to power, who , when they complained to him

against the unjust treatment of HajjaJ, held thwa responsible

for 200 robes of the value of 8000 dirhacis, Hajjaj is also

said to have asked the people to give Sad«k on every begpbnn»r* s

plant.

Hajjaj rendered great service to the study of litera­

ture also. Tie did much to further the use of vowel laarks and

of diacritical points placed above or below similar consonant,

Abu Ahmadul Aakari in his book of Tashif sa/s that people

used to eemsittt, by heart and recite 'iluran according to

iJaman* s text for about 40 years t i l l the time of Abdul -ralik,

when slips of pen m iltiplied and inaccuracies were eoJiaoon

a i l over Iraq. Hajjaj v/aa much vex^d at it . He adnonished

its writer for it and ordered some distinguishing signs to bt

put upon the consimilar words or consonants, Naar bin Aaim

was put in charge of it. He put the dots in ones and twos

and changed their places. How people began to coramit by

heart this text of r^uran for a long time. A ll used to write

it with dots, Inspite of the uae of dot there slips of

pen were common, A jam were then introduced, Kven when

1 Ibni Iha llik i^ p 125

?/

when A jam came into practioe the slight miBplaoeaent of words caused mistakes. They tried to find a way out of it , but

it -sas to no purpose. The only way tob to 3Ct the correct

pronunoiation from t}i« lips of a man,

. Hajjaj was deadly aijainat the of fatmous

Abdullah bin Uasud , he used to say " I shoal'd not refrain

from shedding the blood of the s/(lave of Huzail i f I found hia**

He thou sht that his >/ descended from Ood while in realityf >9C )

it was nothing but the of the Arabs. rJod never taught

it to hie prophet. Gome say tliat once he went to the length

of having it proclaimed that h«=aa3^tiH»«d-^ those, who were

found reciting Quran after the faaliion of Abdullah bin liasud,

would be belieeded. He said that he would effaoe it from

Quran even i f it were to be done with the ri^s of a hag.

V hen AmuB'lR heard of tliis , he remarked, "lay a ourse descend

on -lajjaj. I shall certainly read it after the fashion of

Abu :iaaad (peace be on him,)

*1 Tbni Asakir Vol IV p. 69

:>2.

Chapter IX,

*10nce Abdul 'ialik asked KaJjaJ to iet him know isfeat faults

he had in hixa, HaJjaj svaded the antiwer but liein. very

much pressed replied, "0 Coamander of the i’aithful, I aa

aahitioua , laalevolent and jealouo."

In his private li fe Hajjaj was very aaater« and t«m-

a"^ned with ffA

bin Abdul ’^&lik, who offered him wine after the dinner.

perate. He never tasted wine , Once dined with f(A

Hajjaj emphatically refueed it reiaarkin^, “ 0 Coiaai&nder of the

FaithfuL, thia--i*-ar--thrii5;g-the uae of which you have made

lawful, but I have prohibited it for those, who are underA

me , I do not like to 30 ac;ainat saying of the pious man

( the prophet] i . e. " I do not like to do a thing which I

prohibit for others.”

*2> Hajjaj v.'as not loose in his l i fe . He had only three

wivea. He advised his iuaster Ualiid bin Abdul 'lalik also to

be on his guard against the witcheii^of fa ir g irls and a^inat

too much indulgence in their Bv/eet talks. Ihie led to a very

memorable and intcreatin,? lecture from the favourite wife

of V/ahia, Usjjjiuil Janin, daujjhter of Oiaar bin Abdul Azia, who

waa very well noted for her piety and ,generosity* It happened

that once Hajjaj came to ¥aliid and prolonied hie stay with

him for a lon-j time, V/alid was onl/ in hia cloak while

Hajjaj eas artaed to his teefch,^4 V.hile; la jja j en^arjed in

talk with ^I'alid bin Abdul ’talik, a slave ^ ir l ia#$xHxx twice

came and retired \whiaperin3 something into the Caliph's

ears, Walid said to Hajjaj that the g ir l wae sent by Umul

Banin who did not like his thus sitting alone with Hajjaj,

who had shed the blood of ao niany creatures of Crod. Hajjaj

rewerked "Oh Commander of the ^^aithful, give up your takinj

pleasure in the sweet talks of women, who make jood slaves

but bad stewardesses. confide your secrets to then

nor hope for anythin;; better from them than what they he.Te

got in thmiielvea. Their over elaborate toilette should not

■n 0 .

Jf3>atx entice you much, Taie care not to hold council with

them, their opinion w ill lead you to destruction. Their wil.

is weal:, and hence they should be kept within the curtains.

None of the work should he entrusted to them which lies

beyond their domain, I>o not sit chatting with th«n for

a long time, 3y following tliis advice you w ill increase

your wisdom and rise to greatness. " ^ en Y’alid informed

of this, she was much annoyed at his presumption to adrise

the fJaliph to shake off her influence. She requested '^alid

to send ’'Tajjaj to pay his duties to her. Hajjaj sanesxtoxxx

luEx entreated him very much to be excu.^ed but ?7alid insis­

ted on his doin^ so, Oaen HajJaj came to her he was re-c*-

ceived with ne-jlect and v;as allowed to remain i/^ting for

the audience for a long time, ^lien he was conducted in

to her presence after a lon time, his obeisance was acknow-

led-^ed with reserve and he was not offered even a seat. She

went on sayin^g , •' Are you tLe same Hajjaj, who insisted

so much upon the Commander of the faithful Abdul ’.lalik's ^

shedin:3 the blood of Ibni Zabair and ibni Aslmth , By God,

I f Crod had not thought you to be the worst of his creatures,

he should not have tested you with the demoli^tion of Kalsa.

You killed the son of " she of two streds who

was -the f ir s t son born in Islam in 'ladina, lonul Ashath

put you to such straits that you had recourse to the protec­

tion of the Coimaander of the Faithful , The ladies of the

household of the Comnander of the faithful shook off much

musk from their locks which was sold in the market to help

you. Had it not been done you would have been more dis­

graced than a goat with small limbs, Now you have the eff­

rontery enough to advise the commander of the ’faithful not

(P.isferences of the last'pa^e,)*llbn i Askir Vol IV p 72; Ikd. Y ;I part I page 306,Ayumul Akhbar, 400-. *2, Ibni Asakir Vol IV p, 67; 'Tubarrdtd323*3 Ikd. V, V page 165,j Masudi Vol V p 060; Ayumul Akhbar 206. *4 Tkd. Vol ^I part I page 250,

.

he le ft after him 150 lakhs of dirham, K&jjaj wrote to Walid

toin Abdul ?.!alik " I f 'lohammad coliectcd this sum by lawful

means, may (Tod ^ ardon him. In case, he collected this by

unlawful means or embezzlement, Kay CJod nerer pardon him,

?/alid wrote back to him iu reply that he had reaa his letter

about what Uohatnmad haa le ft after him. He knew that Tloham-

mad 0 0 1 1ected that sum by trade and thus made it lawful

for himself, pardon him, may Grod pardon him also,"

Ilajjaj was always serious and sober in his temper. He

never showed levity before his companion except on one occa­

sion, Laibatul Akhal^eaii once came to him, Hajjaj Baid to

her, " I have come to know tiiat you passed by the grave of

Tubah bin Hamir and turned aside from it . You did not be -

have well with him,*j^Had he been in your position, he would

acted quite differently. He replied, « 0 Commander of the

i’aXithful, I had reasons for it . Once I heax'd Tuba saying

I

I1, If Lailul .Akhbeah had saluted me while thereie

stone and earth on me ( I be in grave)< A .2, I should have returned her salutes with joji or bvds

crying from the grave.

I had with me some women , who recognised his voice

I did not like to accuee him of lie,*' Hajjaj was much pleased

with her aiiG. fu lfille d her needs.

*2, Kajjaj ’A'as very wise and extremely elaquent^.

KajjeJ and Ayas bin Muawiyah are said to have been infinitely

superior to the comiiion people at* re,^ard8 their wisdom. Umar

ibnul Ala said I found no man more elo<iuent than Hajjaj,and

Haaan of Basra^3 HajJaj used to ascend the pulpit wrapped

*1 llusadi Vol V page 324.

*2 Albayan 7ol I page 43., page 63.♦3 Ikd. Yol II page 242| Hubbarrid page 173.

wrapijtd up in ijown, lie aa«d to open hiii speech y©ry gently

ftcd slowly ao aiuoii so timt the nearest raan coaid not hear

hid, J!3 then uac to i*o on increaaLnj his voice t i l l in

the middle of the sx>eech he would taice out his hands, and

cry out T.0 tnts people ao loudly tiiat even the laan in the

remoteat comer oould hear him easily. ’*•1 T.Talik bin

Dinar said tiiat he once heard 'fajjaj addressings the people

teliinii them how people of Iraq behaved with him &nd how he

behaved with them, !Talik bin tartar v:au quite convinced

that the people of Irr.q had creelly treate(i hici and he was

rigiit as rejjards what he did witb thcio. He vei-y eloquently

defe^nded himself with irrefutable ar Ui'aenta soraetijtaes quo-

tiiiii the lines cf Ibni 3araqatal Hamdari.’<-2

wjj f f

1, ’’ hen people shot at me, I shot at them , am I

cruel in the outsicirts of Haaidan ?

2, Then you combine a feeling and sharp conscience

and a nose fu ll of pride cruelties or opi/ressiona shun you.

^3', After the battle of I/airi J&xuajjsua 'lajjftj ^ waited

on Abdul ifalii; with a deputation from the people of both

cities ( Kufft ejxd Basra),

In course of the talk tiiese people began to talk very

highly of their cities, i lnen they iiad finished their talk

Ifajjaj said to the Caliph that he knew better about the /

cities because he had traversed them uirou^ti and throu^,

Abdul llalik asked him to speajc out what he knew about them.

He described them so beautifully thus

" Basra is an old foul-MmbcjNddD; smeliin^ lady heavily

laden with ornaments, while Kufa is a youn beautifyl lady

unadorned.

]3ayan Vol I pa,i;e 145,*2 Hubarrdiid page 152,

IlajJ Budi Vol V, page 348,

TO 4

*lThe religious views of Hajjaj hare been the subject of

mucli controversy. said *» j wonder at ray brethren

of Iraq, who say that Ilajjaj Y/aa i.Coa in." Tbni Abdul Azia

said, « I f a ll nations bsing tiieir Faruyahs ( <0/J> ) and

we faring HajjaJ we shall certainly win."

*2 Occasional speeches delivered by Kajjaj show that

he v;as quite Trod -fearing and pious. Hajjaj often usto to

say," A man, who vSpf&t passed even an hour without thinJcing

of God or be^^gin His pardon for his sine or without thin^ -

in« over the place of return ( ), is quite f i t

that he should have unending repentence on tin day of re­

surrection,#2 .Hajjaj once said in his opecch, ” 0 God warn

me against the wron.5 path so that I ^ may / avoid it; show

me the right path and lead me to it. Tjo not forsake me

lest I should go aatray, , 3y (Jad I do not value loy past

deeds more than my turban and *’hat remains nov; would also

pass away like the former,"

Omar bxn Abdul Aaiz , who vms never favorably in -

dined towards ^lajjaj once said, I never envied the enemy

of aod for anything except for hi^ove of Kuran and its ^

generosity for its devotee or readers,

Hajjaj himself defended himself on many occasiona,

^4 XkKX nnce he said to the people, " Some say that Hajjaj

is an unbeliever. By God, I ctrtainly do not believe in

La t” and Uz/Sa." At ano cher occasion , he addressed the people

thus ; -•’i-5"''/ou say that I aia one of the remne,nts of Samud,

while God Himself says tiiat none of the people of Semud

remained."' 6, Hajjaj at the death of his son said

4.- W > f

1. Tien the God of the Heaven is pleased with me my soul

will/rf' only be at ease there.

*1 Ibni Asakir Vo.l, TV page 81 2 Mubarrad 9?.

*;^3*3ayan Vol. I. pa-je 200Ibni Assukir 7ol. IV pa^e 61.

*4 Ibni Aaakir V, IV. p .72. *5 Hubbarrad 266. “ 6 ^ubarad292

7 7

Xiiere is no doubt, that xfajjaj’ s lof&lty to the Oraay/id's

kntw no oonds. He le ft no atone unturned to safeguard the

interests of the family of Tarwan, ” e auopted d r e , B t i c

measures to keep thtj people loyal to the Caliph. AMul

’-Talik uioed to say ’’Kajjaj is bridge of my nose,” while Talid

said,♦’Hay he is the skin of my whole face." ?:iad once said

to Abdui i.’ alik, ” Hajjaj is a sword of yours which never

jiliancseo off» an arrov/ which never goes off the point and

a servant for whom a rproacher w ill not reproach you."

*r. The methods "by which he .’overned the country are revealed

by a letter of him which he wrote to ’"alid, who wanted to

know of the methods of his ^overniuent. He writes, I

kept my prudence awake and crashed my desires, I asaociated

vath the influential men of the tribes and entrusted the

affa irs into the hands of Y/ise and experienced men, whoDa I

put in charge of tracts yieldin.j much revenue to keep them

loyal to me, I used the sword arjainet the rogues and X -

bestowed i-eiyards on the good ones. The vicious were afraid

ox my puniEhment while the -;ood stuck to goodness in the

hcpe of tiie re/^wards Trhich they received,"

*3 Once Abdul ’Talik accused HajjaJ of shedding blood

i'eoklessly and spending money like water. TIajjaj wrote in

reply , " I never exceeded the liiait in punishing * the guilty

or rewarding suitably the jas dutiful. If punishing the

guilty and rewarding the dutiful be undesirable, the comnan

der of the Faithful can order wiiat he wishes and I would not

act beyond that.”

•«4 HajJaj f e l l ’ i l l of cancer . V/hen his condition

becaiae hopeless;, people began to spread false news of hio

death, ^hen 'Tajjaj fe lt a l it t le better, he ascended the

' -1 Ifubarrad page^__^ ; Ikd. Vol I part I page 2^6,^2 Ikd. Vol. Il^page 246

Ibni Askir Vol IV page 6 8 .^4 liasudi Vol V page 376

the pulpit leaning against M s stick and addrtssjcd the

people thuB : —

* 0 writched people of Iraq Satan laae blown ( vice)

into your nostrils. You say Hajjaj ie dead, By God every

body expect* goodness after death, God save eternal l i fe

to none except the most degraded of a l l His creatures i.e .

Satan," X Sulaiman prayed to God, " 0 God give me thef

kingdom the like of which none might have after me. Thou

art most generous and kind," The kingdom given to him dis­

appeared as i f it had never existed. Every man must go to

a place dug for him which is 5 feet long 2 feet wide i.e .

^rave) He w ill be le ft there alone. The earth w ill eat

away his flesh and suck hia blood . His friends w ill leave

him alone there and his property w ill be divided among his

children,"

"When he was just on the point of his d«ath,he

said, " 0 God forgive me. People say that you would not do

so." He also recijited the following verses:-

1. 0 God people have sworn together that I shall be lodged

in Hell.2, Woe to them, they swear blindly as i f they did not be -

lieve in fhW forgiving nature

*2, The great personality of HajjaJ pasaed away in the

month of Ramzan in the year 95 at the age of 54, worn out

with ceaseless efforts, sore troubles and grinding miseries

a ll borne with eourage and fortitude that were one of his

finest qualities. He was buried in T/asi^and water made to

flow over his grave to obliterate its traces in order to

escape the posthumous vengeance of his enemies, Walid fe lt

his loss too much and appeared in public with uncombed and

dishevelled hair.

*1 Ibni Asakir VoI TV page *2 TTnnt in]-iin ^ ^

9 !

*1 HojjAj Is said to have killed 120.000 men. About

50,000 men and. 30,000 men were found in hi a prison , wJio

were released by Gauaiman bin Abdul 'laliic. Before arriving

at our final eatimate,of Hajjaj we must taice into account

the followin.i facts h: —

Ilajjaj was appointed the Grovernor of the provinoe,

which had neyer beon loyal to the Omayyad dynasty. He found

himuclf oonfrented with many difficu ities with which h«

battled a il throu ^h the period of his governorship of Iraq

perseverin^ly. His career as the sovernor of Iraq which

xi&& fu ll of strenuous activities extended for about 20 y«ars.

This was the time of political anarchy ana incessant rising.

He had to face a series of revolts such as the maciny of his

own army, the insurrection of Khawarij under Shabio, who

tv/ice threatened Kufa, and then the greatest of a ll, the

risir*g of Ibni Ashath in which almost the whole of Iraq rose

in arms against him. Considerin^^ this, we can scareely feel

astonished at the exceses ascribed to Hajjaj and the namber

of prisoners whom he is said to have put to sword. It was

the period of unprecedented storm and stress in which he

steered successfully the s£.ip of the- Omayyad’ s government

throa^ nerve-wrecking moments and daij^era sjia le ft it in

happi«r and aore prgisperous circumstances. No sooner did

he querSr xhe disturbance in onequarter, than the trouble of

greater magnitude broke out in another. It goes without

saying tnat a strong personality like Hajjaj was necessary

and doubly necessary in view of tht commotion of the time.

In fact it was an age in which no other sort of government

coald have continued with success; Hajjaj overcauie the" oppo

sition of Irakiana with ^reat courage and valour and res­

tored order with a firm hand. His reign was signalised by

extensive conquests by two of his great generals f^taiba

and :,!ohajraaad bin tiasim. During his governorship, 'luslim

HuBltn aims reaohed as far as Multan. Hie reforms as re­gards coinage, the change of the language of court registers,

his efforts to improve agriculture and to stop incorrect

reading of Quran by putting distinguishing signs upon the

consimilaj^ords or consonants, bear eloquent testimony to

his spirit of reform, energy and broadmindedness. Inspite

of the fact that he was surrounded with so many tumults

and disxzturbances, he inserted a b rillian t page in the his­

tory of military achievements and reforms of ffimmayyads.

There are a good many false and fabricated stories <

about Hajjaj, lidiioh owe their origin to the fe rtile imagina­

tion of the historians of Abbasides’ time, who le ft no stone

unturned to hold up the Caliphs and their generals to rid i­

cule Sulaiman Nazaf Beg, the governor of Basra before the

Great ¥ar (1914-19.) writes in his book *' TariJdi Allan

Hukaisi" about Hajjaj as follows:-

*1 " Hajjaj had no other purpose in view than to

safeguard his kingdom and to elevate the position of his

Caliph. He dispatched an army towards Asia to hoist the

Islamic flag there. He directed the movements of this

array from the court of Iraq. In order to jeopardise the

Onmayyad's rule, weapon of exaggeration has been used against

Hajjaj with the result that a good many /false stories re­

mained current about Hajjaj.

In fact, an unbiassed historian keeping in mind

the peculiar circumstsjices of the age must deliver a favourable

verdict, Hajjaj was really a generous man, gifted soldier,

great patron of letters, subtle in argument and eloquent in

speech. He deserved to be ranked among the greatest generals.

True it is that he sacrificed the principles of religion to

the interest of the State; true it is that the muslims saw

his hand soiled v/ith the blood of Abdullah bin Zuhair and

Saeed bin lubair; and true it is that his treatment^with -

with Anas was unworthy of the oomjwuaion of the prophet bat

a soTaer hiatoriaa w ill be faroarably disposed in estimating

hia character when he reokone the serrices which he render«d

to the dynasty of Omfi.yyads and the refoTBis which he introduo»d.

8^

Th.9 List of the Aral>io books studied with the

pr«ss in baaaket.

I1. Aynul Aidibar by Kutaiba D«nw»ri sditsd by Brock«lman( Egypt)

2. S’stuhul Buldan by B«ladh»uri ( Muauat, Egypt. 1901)

3. Ucdul Farid Bom«tla«« rsfersd a« Ikd, by Abdur Habbah{ Jamalia 1913)

4. Ibni IChalliqan by Khalllqan.

5. Sltabul Ansabul Ashraf by B«ladhaurl ( aarl«fwald 1883.)

6. Sltabul Imaaat Was Siyasat by qutaiba Dsnvmrl ( Oottlogon )

7. K4tabul Majirif by Qutaiba Denwar ( (Jottengen 1850)

8. Kitabul Baysn-wfirab^ysen by Jahia ( Ilmia Egypt.)

9. Kitabut Taiu!ib4U;'*'-Tahaib by Hajar Asqalani

( Hyderabad.)

10. Kitabui lehtlqaq by ibnl Puraid ( aottengin)

11. Kltabul Ib^Dswan Mubtada T7aUhabar by Ibai Khaldun.

( Egypt.)

12. UaojusMftab by Abu Masudl refsrcd as "Abu llasudi"A.

nv<>Z , ( P ^ i » )13. Mubbarrudul Eamil by ICaaKl. ( \7right'B edition.)

14. Tarikhul TJman Y'al 7'uluk by Tabari ( Hlsniyat Sgypt.)

15. Tarikhul Rusul TIiLluk by Tabari ( I ydon )

16. Tarikhul Eamil by Ibnl»/Athir ( Egypt.)

17. Tarikh Ibni Aeakir by Ibni Asakir (DsiaascusP

English Books,

18. A short History of ttie'SarsiSens by Aaser A ll,• \

19. Muir’ s riss, Dsolins and fa ll of the Calphate.• V.

20. History of Isa.smie oiTilizatlon by Khuda Bakhsh.

21. History of idis ciTillxation of Ouayad* s and albasldas by

Jurji Zaidan translntsd by Dr« Hargolloth.

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