irc ucgla presentation 2010
DESCRIPTION
IRC Southern Africa Regional Programme presentation in the inaugural working session of the UCLGA Water and Sanitation Focal Point Network, August 2010, which was attended by 14. associations from African countries. Contains: Africa - some points, water and sanitation in context, investing in the sector, WASH governance support and IRC programmes.TRANSCRIPT
IRC presentation UCLGA Focal Point Network
Working Session 15th – 19th August 2010Jean de la Harpe
This presentation
Africa – some points
Water and sanitation in context
Investing in the sector
WASH governance support
IRC programmes
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Electric power is equivalent to economic activity The economy is mainly active in Europe and North America Look at the gaps in the South
Africa in an unequal world
A peculiarity of the recent economic downturn is that it affected the developed world more than the developing world
In the 2000s Africa’s economic growth has been maintained (whereas in many mature or developed markets it has declined or even been negative, for example Europe, Japan, US)
Real GDP in Africa rose by 4.9 percent a year from 2000 through 2008 – more than twice its pace in the 80s and 90s –
Construction is booming, private investment inflows are surging
Telecommunications, banking and retail are improving
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We live in a highly unequal world, where economic activity varies across the regions
Poverty
Disease
Infant mortality
Wars
Natural disasters
Poor government policies
These challenges can stop or even reverse the gains made in any individual country
BUT in the long term internal and external trends indicate that Africa’s prospects are growing.
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At the same time 50 plus individual economies are facing very serious challenges:
150m $2500
50m $3500
600m $600
Africa – income per person per annum
Pop/income
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50% of the worlds population are in China, India and AfricaGoldman Sacks estimate that 70% of the worlds economic growth in the next 40 years will come from so called emerging economies
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Size shows proportion of all people living on over US$ 200 ppp a dayFew very high earners live in Southern Asia, Northern Africa, Eastern Europe and Central Africa
One in eight people without safe water
Water and sanitation – its a global issue
Water Cited as the highest priority of the poorPoor Sanitation One of the biggest killers of children
Sub-Saharan Africa is most off-track based on current MDG progress:- Water not until 2035- Sanitation not until 2108
In Sub-Saharan Africa, only the maternal mortality MDG is more off-track than sanitation
Water and sanitation - context
Sanitation and drinking water underpin all aspects of human and
economic development, yet some 2.5 billion people lack access to
basic sanitation with 1.1 billion practicing open defecation and 884
million lack access to clean water.
Each day, nearly 6,000 people (mostly children under five) die from
preventable diarrheal diseases.
Investments are especially low in countries where access is the
lowest.
Sanitation is one of the most off-track of all the MDG targets and is
particularly badly off-track in Africa
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Use of improved sanitation
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Use of improved drinking water
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The argument for investing in sanitation and drinking water
Investing in sustainable sanitation and drinking water improves
health, reduces health care costs, boosts productivity and
increases the return on investments in education.
The economic benefits of achieving universal access to
sanitation and drinking water are estimated at US $171 billion per
year globally
Meeting the MDGs on water and sanitation in Africa alone would
save nearly $15 billion annually (nearly 2 percent of the region’s
Gross Domestic Product).
(OECD 2010)
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The total aid for water fell from 8% to 5% of total ODA between 1997 and 2008. During the same period, ODA for health increased from 7% to 12% of total ODA, while education remained at around 7%. (OECD 2010)
Percentage aid for water and sanitation is declining
Commitments per capita to sanitation and water
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Financing Sanitation and Water Services
Demand for financing in the sector is considerable
Aid and budget allocations in the sector are not well targeted - Only 42% of sector aid goes to low income countries - only 16% is invested in “basic” systems that primarily serve the poor
US$ 72 billion is needed per year for developing countries to achieve the MDG targets (excluding the BRIC countries – Brazil, Russia, India, China)
Current spending is short of this level – there is a large financing gap
(WHO 2010)
Enabling Environment for Sanitation in South Africa17
EU disbursements per country and access to improved sanitation 2006-2008EU disbursements per country and access to improved sanitation 2006-2008
Enabling Environment for Sanitation in South Africa18
EU disbursements per country and access to improved water supply 2006-2008EU disbursements per country and access to improved water supply 2006-2008
Consequences of financing gap
Insufficient maintenance
Deteriorating services
Weak institutions
Services not being extended
to those without access
Impacts on local
government’s ability to
deliver sustainable services
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Barriers to universal and sustainable sanitation and drinking water for everyone
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Local government advocacy to target
these barriers
Focus on infrastructure rather than delivering a service
Lack of effective plans and strategies
Mounting maintenance backlogs
Poor decentralisation with insufficient resources
How do we close the gap?Addressing costs
Increase tariffs and other sources of revenue
Improve efficiency of water and sanitation systems (ie
leakage, energy efficiency)
Reduce costs (where possible) through better planning
and low-cost technologies
In the last instance reconsider objectives for coverage
and service levels if they are unrealistic
Closing the Gap - The ultimate sources of revenueThere are only three ultimate
sources of revenue that can help to
close the financing gap, the 3Ts:
Tariffs
Taxes, and
Transfers, ie ODA
Loans and bonds will need to be
paid back and mainly serve to
“bridge the gap”, by helping to cope
with large up-front investment costs
Shares of tariffs, taxes and transfers (ODA) in WSS finance in various countries
Source: OECD
Local government and water and sanitation services
How can local government advocate to increase
investment in the sector?
What support does local government need to:
Scale up services provision
Improve WASH governance
Deliver sustainable water and sanitation services
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What should we be saying to our Ministers?
Ministers of Finance: “Increase investment in the sector”
Given constraints in household affordability and public goods
aspects of water and sanitation services, significant support
needs to be provided for water and sanitation through public
budgets
Countries such as Armenia, Moldova and Georgia need to
spend 2-5% of public budget expenditure on WSS to achieve
financial sustainability and the MDGs
Investing in water and sanitation makes economic sense ...
Messages to Water Ministers
• Advocate for increased funds from public budgets
• Support this by making the economic case for water and sanitation
to Ministers of Finance
• Build and strengthen the water and sanitation sector – improve
planning, provide access to capacity support, develop strong
programmes linked to budget processes, strengthen sector
collaboration
• Provide institutional support to local government
• Promote and support good governance in the sector
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What is good governance?
Good governance involves constructive co-operation between the different sectors where the result is:
efficient use of resources
responsible use of power, and
effective and sustainable service provision
Good governance emerges when stakeholders engage and participate with each other in an inclusive, transparent and accountable manner to accomplish better services free of corruption and abuse, and within the rule of law
Presentation Title27
Makhaza Toilets: An Affront To Human Dignity and a Threat to Safety & Security
Good governance?
More effective water governanceNeeds to address:
Policy and legislative frameworks that protect water resources and ensure water for social and economic
development
Policy and legislative frameworks that protect water resources and ensure water for social and economic
development
Institutions for water management that facilitate participation of all stakeholders in a transparent, accountable, gender
sensitive and equitable manner
Institutions for water management that facilitate participation of all stakeholders in a transparent, accountable, gender
sensitive and equitable manner
Decisions making mechanisms and regulation that achieve responsible use of political power, optimal use of resources,
sustainable development and ecological sustainability
Decisions making mechanisms and regulation that achieve responsible use of political power, optimal use of resources,
sustainable development and ecological sustainability
According to the Water Budget Speech all sorts of
arrangements have been made to improve water governance which will allow “communities
to participate in their own development”
According to the Water Budget Speech all sorts of
arrangements have been made to improve water governance which will allow “communities
to participate in their own development”
Getting governance right
It needs to address the entire service delivery ‘life cycle’
Good governance from policy to sustainable services
Planning Implementation (infrastructure development)
Policy Service Provision (sustainable
services)
The development of good policies require: participation, advocacy, communication, gender equity, transparency, monitoring and feedback, support, accountability, sector knowledge sharing, and so on.
The development of good policies require: participation, advocacy, communication, gender equity, transparency, monitoring and feedback, support, accountability, sector knowledge sharing, and so on.
The same applies to planning services, deciding tariffs and subsidies, implementing capital projects and ultimately providing the service
The same applies to planning services, deciding tariffs and subsidies, implementing capital projects and ultimately providing the service
Financing
Delivering WASH
services
Finance
Infrastructure
Institutional arrangements for service provision
RegulationPlanning
Policies and bylaws (enabling
environment)
IRC WASH governance support
WASH governance
Finance
Infrastructure
Institutional arrangements for service provision
RegulationPlanning
Policies and bylaws (enabling environment)
Capacity development
Capacity development
Advocacy and communicationAdvocacy and communication
Sector knowledge sharing and
learning
Sector knowledge sharing and
learning
Accountability and
transparency
Accountability and
transparency
Monitoring and
evaluation
Monitoring and
evaluation
Support to community institutions
Support to community institutions
Gender and equity
Gender and equity
Cost recovery and innovative
finance
Cost recovery and innovative
finance
Participatory and strategic approach to
local governance
Participatory and strategic approach to
local governance
Multiple use services
Multiple use services
IRC global programme(back out into the world)
Innovation & knowledge
development (based on experiences in the regions and through global programmes)
Regional and country programmes with
partners
How does the water and sanitation sector best serve local
government across Africa?
The water and sanitation sector tends to be dispersed
It has been difficult to get networks going
A major challenge is how to ensure that local government can access and share good lessons learnt, information and knowledge about water and sanitation services
Targeting local government
WASH governance needs to be targeted to local government needs, priorities and context
Challenge is to ensure that water and sanitation knowledge and information is accessible to local government
Lessons and best practices from Africa need to be promoted and shared
How do we ensure that local government receives the WASH governance support it needs?
What is WASHCost?
Four countries, five years, many partners
India (Andhra Pradesh)Centre for Economic and Social Studies / LRMNI
GhanaKwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST)
Burkina FasoCentre Régional pour l'Eau Potable et l'Assainissement à faible coût
(CREPA)
MozambiqueNational Water Directorate / Rural Water / CoWater