ireland - european food safety authority · rabies 88 2.11.1. general evaluation of the national...
TRANSCRIPT
IRELAND
The Report referred to in Article 9 of Directive 2003/ 99/ EC
TRENDS AND SOURCES OF ZOONOSES ANDZOONOTIC AGENTS IN HUMANS, FOODSTUFFS, ANIMALS ANDFEEDINGSTUFFS
including information on foodborne outbreaks, antimicrobialresistance in zoonotic agents and some pathogenicmicrobiological agents
IN 2006
INFORMATION ON THE REPORTING AND MONITORING SYSTEMCountry: IrelandReporting Year: 2006Institutions and laboratories involved in reporting and monitoring:Laboratory name Description ContributionCMCL Central meat Control Laboratory Samples taken at prcessing plants
under EU hygiene Package regulationsand submitted to the CMCL (adepartment of Agriculture and Foodofficial laboratory) for analysis(Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes,Campylobacter, Trichinella)
CVRL Central Veterinary ResearchLaboratory and Department ofAgriculture and Food approvedlaboratories (DAF approved labs)
Samples taken at processing plants andsubmitted to prviate laboratoriesapproved by DAF for Salmonellatesting. Serotyping performed at theCVRL and data compiled by theCVRL
DAF/ FSAI Department of Agriculture and Food/Food safety Authority of Ireland jointproject
Samples taken under the EnhancedPoultry Monitoring Programme whichcommenced in 2000. Samples weretaken at poultry processing plants andsubmitted to a DAf approved privatelaboratory for analysis (Salmonellaand Campylobacter). Samples of Irishand imported poultry meat areincluded.
DCMNR Department of Communications,Marine and Natural Resoucesapproved laboratories
Samples taken at processing plantsunder Food Hygiene Regulations andsubmitted to DCMNRapprovedlaboratories for analysis (Salmonellaand Listeria spp)
DSL Dairy Science Laboratories Samples taken at processing plantsunder EU Hygiene PackageRegulations and submitted to DAFofficial laboratories for analysis(Salmonella and Listeria spp)
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006
OFML Official Food MicrobiologicalLaboratories
Samples taken under EU HygienePackage Regulations includingsamples taken for EU coordinatedprogrammes, samples taken fornational survey programmes andcomplaint samples. The majority ofsamples taken at retail level (cateringand retail premises. A smallpercentage of samples taken fromdistributors/ transporters,manufacturers/ packers and primaryproducers
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006
PREFACEThis report is submitted to the European Commission in accordance with Article 9 of Council Directive 2003/ 99/ EC1. The information has also been forwarded to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). The report contains information on trends and sources of zoonoses and zoonotic agents in Ireland during theyear 2006. The information covers the occurrence of these diseases and agents in humans, animals, foodstuffsand in some cases also in feedingstuffs. In addition the report includes data on antimicrobial resistance in somezoonotic agents and commensal bacteria as well as information on epidemiological investigations of foodborneoutbreaks. Complementary data on susceptible animal populations in the country is also given. The information given covers both zoonoses that are important for the public health in the whole EuropeanCommunity as well as zoonoses, which are relevant on the basis of the national epidemiological situation. The report describes the monitoring systems in place and the prevention and control strategies applied in thecountry. For some zoonoses this monitoring is based on legal requirements laid down by the CommunityLegislation, while for the other zoonoses national approaches are applied. The report presents the results of the examinations carried out in the reporting year. A national evaluation of theepidemiological situation, with special reference to trends and sources of zoonotic infections, is given.Whenever possible, the relevance of findings in foodstuffs and animals to zoonoses cases in humans isevaluated. The information covered by this report is used in the annual Community Summary Report on zoonoses that ispublished each year by EFSA.
1 Directive 2003/ 99/ EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 December 2003 on the monitoring ofzoonoses and zoonotic agents, amending Decision 90/ 424/ EEC and repealing Council Directive 92/ 117/ EEC, OJ L 325,17.11.2003, p. 31
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006
LIST OF CONTENTS1. ANIMAL POPULATIONS 12. INFORMATION ON SPECIFIC ZOONOSES AND ZOONOTIC AGENTS 32.1. SALMONELLOSIS 42.1.1. General evaluation of the national situation 42.1.2. Salmonellosis in humans 42.1.3. Salmonella in foodstuffs 52.1.4. Salmonella in animals 272.1.5. Salmonella in feedingstuffs 312.1.6. Salmonella serovars and phagetype distribution 342.1.7. Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella isolates 422.2. CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS 452.2.1. General evaluation of the national situation 452.2.2. Campylobacteriosis in humans 452.2.3. Campylobacter in foodstuffs 462.2.4. Campylobacter in animals 512.2.5. Antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter isolates 532.3. LISTERIOSIS 542.3.1. General evaluation of the national situation 542.3.2. Listeriosis in humans 542.3.3. Listeria in foodstuffs 552.3.4. Listeria in animals 652.4. E. COLI INFECTIONS 662.4.1. General evaluation of the national situation 662.4.2. E. Coli Infections in humans 662.4.3. Escherichia coli, pathogenic in foodstuffs 672.4.4. Escherichia coli, pathogenic in animals 702.5. TUBERCULOSIS, MYCOBACTERIAL DISEASES 712.5.1. General evaluation of the national situation 712.5.2. Tuberculosis, Mycobacterial Diseases in humans 712.5.3. Mycobacterium in animals 722.6. BRUCELLOSIS 742.6.1. General evaluation of the national situation 742.6.2. Brucellosis in humans 742.6.3. Brucella in foodstuffs 752.6.4. Brucella in animals 752.7. YERSINIOSIS 802.7.1. General evaluation of the national situation 802.7.2. Yersiniosis in humans 802.7.3. Yersinia in foodstuffs 812.7.4. Yersinia in animals 812.8. TRICHINELLOSIS 822.8.1. General evaluation of the national situation 822.8.2. Trichinellosis in humans 822.8.3. Trichinella in animals 82
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006
2.9. ECHINOCOCCOSIS 832.9.1. General evaluation of the national situation 832.9.2. Echinococcosis in humans 832.9.3. Echinococcus in animals 842.10. TOXOPLASMOSIS 852.10.1. General evaluation of the national situation 852.10.2. Toxoplasmosis in humans 852.10.3. Toxoplasma in animals 872.11. RABIES 882.11.1. General evaluation of the national situation 882.11.2. Rabies in humans 882.11.3. Lyssavirus (rabies) in animals 892.12. QFEVER 902.12.1. General evaluation of the national situation 902.12.2. Coxiella (Qfever) in animals 90
3. INFORMATION ON SPECIFIC INDICATORS OF ANTIMICROBIALRESISTANCE
91
3.1. ESCHERICHIA COLI, NONPATHOGENIC 923.1.1. General evaluation of the national situation 923.1.2. Antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli, nonpathogenic isolates 93
4. INFORMATION ON SPECIFIC MICROBIOLOGICAL AGENTS 954.1. HISTAMINE 964.1.1. General evaluation of the national situation 964.1.2. Histamine in foodstuffs 964.2. ENTEROBACTER SAKAZAKII 974.2.1. General evaluation of the national situation 974.2.2. Enterobacter sakazakii in foodstuffs 974.3. STAPHYLOCOCCAL ENTEROTOXINS 984.3.1. General evaluation of the national situation 984.3.2. Staphylococcal enterotoxins in foodstuffs 98
5. FOODBORNE OUTBREAKS 99
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006
1. ANIMAL POPULATIONS
The relevance of the findings on zoonoses and zoonotic agents has to be related to the size and nature of theanimal population in the country.
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 1
Table Susceptible animal populations
* Only if different than current reporting yearAnimal species Category of
animalsLivestock numbers(live animals)
Number ofslaughtered animals
Number of holdings Number of herds orflocks
Year* Year* Year* Year*Cattle (bovineanimals)
calves (under 1year)
1530038 2006
in total 6321823 2006 1774054 2006 122392 2006Ducks in total 1 2006 8 2006Gallus gallus(fowl)
broilers 12000000 2006 64560000 2006 250 2006 300 2006
breeding flocks,unspecified intotal
617000 2006 583000 2006 100 2006
laying hens 1988500 2006 1970000 300 2006 460 2006grandparentbreeding flocks formeat productionline
74000 2006 70535 2006 7 2006 16 2006
parent breedingflocks for meatproduction line
617000 2006 583000 2006 100 2006
Goats in total 5594 2006 292Pigs breeding animals 167000 2006 96000 2006 380 2006 380 2006
fattening pigs 1451000 2006 2522000 2006 420 2006 420 2006in total 1620000 2006 2619000 2006 480 2006 480 2006
Sheep in total 3601064 35006Turkeys parent breeding
flocks 30000 2006 28000 2006 11 2006
meat productionflocks
900000 2006 2900000 2006 130 2006
in total 830000 2006 2928000 2006 70 2006 141 2006
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 2
2. INFORMATION ON SPECIFIC ZOONOSES AND ZOONOTICAGENTS
Zoonoses are diseases or infections, which are naturally transmissible directly or indirectly between animals andhumans. Foodstuffs serve often as vehicles of zoonotic infections. Zoonotic agents cover viruses, bacteria,fungi, parasites or other biological entities that are likely to cause zoonoses.
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 3
2.1. SALMONELLOSIS
2.1.1. General evaluation of the national situation
2.1.2. Salmonellosis in humans
A. Salmonellosis in humans
Case definition
Salmonellosis (Salmonella enterica) (EU)Clinical descriptionClinical picture compatible with salmonellosis e.g. diarrhoea, abdominal pain, nausea, and sometimesvomiting. Cases may also be asymptomatic. The organism may cause extraintestinal infections.**Laboratory criteria for diagnosisIsolation of Salmonella sp. (nontyphi, nonparatyphi) from a clinical specimenCase classificationPossible: N/ AProbable: A laboratory confirmed isolate without clinical information or a case with clinicalsymptoms that has an epidemiological link*Confirmed: A clinically compatible case that is laboratory confirmed.** The description in the EU case definition document has been elaborated upon here.
Notification system in place
Notifiable since 1948
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 4
2.1.3. Salmonella in foodstuffsTable Salmonella in poultry meat and products thereof (P
art A
)
Source of information
Sampling unit
Sample weight
Units tested
Total units positive for Salmonella spp.
S. Kentucky
S. Paratyphi
S. Brandenburg
S. Infantis
S. Schwarzengrund
S. Enteritidis
S. Typhimurium
Salmonella spp., unspecified
S. Paratyphi B var. Java
S. Agona
S. Blockley
S. Bredeney
S. Cerro
S. Derby
S. Hadar
Meat from broilers (G
allus
gallus)
fresh
at processing plant
Monitoring
DAF/
FSAI
single
Varies
495
11
3
at processing plant
Surveillance (1)
CMCL/
CVRL
single
Varies
5958
609
12
12
11
141
22
3
at retail Surveillance
OFM
Lsingle
25g
80
minced meat
intended to be eaten cooked
at processing plant
Surveillance
CMCL
single
25g
10
meat products
raw but intended to be eaten
cooked
at processing plant
Surveillance (2)
CMCL/
CVRL
single
Varies
2136
166
11
12
3
at retail Surveillance O
FML
single
25g
80
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 5
cooked, readytoeat
at processing plant
Surveillance (3)
CMCL
single
25g
3536
21
1
at retail Surveillance O
FML
single
25g
1185
0
carcass
at processing plant
Monitoring
DAF/
FSAI
single
Varies
125
11
at processing plant
Monitoring (Unspecified)
DAF/
FSAI
single
Varies
20
Meat from turkey
fresh
at processing plant
Monitoring
DAF/
FSAI
single
Varies
81
1
at processing plant
Surveillance (4)
CMCL/
CVRL
single
Varies
201
94
1
meat products
raw but intended to be eaten
cooked
at processing plant
Surveillance (5)
CMCL/
CVRL
single
Varies
178
41
2
at retail Surveillance O
FML
single
25g
10
cooked, readytoeat
at processing plant
Surveillance (6)
CMCL/
CVRL
single
Varies
731
0
at retail Surveillance O
FML
single
25g
167
0
Meat from duck
at processing plant
Monitoring (Not stated M
eat
from
Duck)
DAF/
FSAI
single
Varies
136
41
1
fresh
at processing plant
Surveillance
CVRL
single
Not
Stated
108
22
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 6
meat products
cooked, readyto
eat
at processing plant
Surveillance
CVRL
single
Not
Stated
10
at retail Surveillance O
FML
single
25g
170
Meat from poultry, unspecified
at processing plant
Monitoring (Not stated M
eat
from
Poultry Unspecified)
DAF/
FSAI
single
Varies
120
meat products
raw but intended to be
eaten cooked
at processing plant
Surveillance
CMCL
single
25g
520
cooked, readyto
eat
at processing plant
Surveillance
CMCL
single
25g
640
(1) : (C
MCL 3 Tested, 0 Positives) (C
VRL 5955 Tested, 60 Positives)
(2) : (C
MCL 65 Tested, 0 Positives) (C
VRL 2071 Tested, 16 Positives)
(3) : (C
MCL 151 Tested, 0 Positives)(CVRL 3385 Tested, 2 Positives)
(4) : (C
MCL 1 Tested, 0 Positives) (C
VRL 200 Tested, 9 Positives)
(5) : (C
MCL 4 Tested, 0 Positives) (C
VRL 174 Tested, 4 Positives)
(6) : (C
MCL 37 Tested, 0 Positives) (C
VRL 694 Tested, 0 Positives)
Footnote
The sample weight for samples analysed at OFM
Ls and CMCL is usually 25g. N
o sample weight provided for the data subm
itted from
the CVRL. The
sample weight for poultry meat sam
ples taken under the DAF/ FSA
I enhanced poultry monitoring programme varies.
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 7
Table Salmonella in poultry meat and products thereof (P
art B
)
S. Heidelberg
S. Indiana
S. Kibi
S. Kottbus
S. Mbandaka
S. Orion
S. Saintpaul
S. Thompson
S. Virchow
S. Anatum
Meat from broilers (G
allus
gallus)
fresh
at processing plant
Monitoring
at processing plant
Surveillance (1)
1
12
215
at retail Surveillance
minced meat
intended to be eaten cooked
at processing plant
Surveillance
meat products
raw but intended to be eaten
cooked
at processing plant
Surveillance (2)
1
1
at retail Surveillance
cooked, readytoeat
at processing plant
Surveillance (3)
at retail Surveillance
carcass
at processing plant
Monitoring
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 8
at processing plant
Monitoring (Unspecified)
Meat from turkey
fresh
at processing plant
Monitoring
at processing plant
Surveillance (4)
2
11
meat products
raw but intended to be eaten
cooked
at processing plant
Surveillance (5)
1
at retail Surveillance
cooked, readytoeat
at processing plant
Surveillance (6)
at retail Surveillance
Meat from duck
at processing plant
Monitoring (Not stated M
eat
from
Duck)
fresh
at processing plant
Surveillance
meat products
cooked, readyto
eat
at processing plant
Surveillance
at retail Surveillance
Meat from poultry, unspecified
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 9
at processing plant
Monitoring (Not stated M
eat
from
Poultry Unspecified)
meat products
raw but intended to be
eaten cooked
at processing plant
Surveillance
cooked, readyto
eat
at processing plant
Surveillance
(1) : (C
MCL 3 Tested, 0 Positives) (C
VRL 5955 Tested, 60 Positives)
(2) : (C
MCL 65 Tested, 0 Positives) (C
VRL 2071 Tested, 16 Positives)
(3) : (C
MCL 151 Tested, 0 Positives)(CVRL 3385 Tested, 2 Positives)
(4) : (C
MCL 1 Tested, 0 Positives) (C
VRL 200 Tested, 9 Positives)
(5) : (C
MCL 4 Tested, 0 Positives) (C
VRL 174 Tested, 4 Positives)
(6) : (C
MCL 37 Tested, 0 Positives) (C
VRL 694 Tested, 0 Positives)
Footnote
The sample weight for samples analysed at OFM
Ls and CMCL is usually 25g. N
o sample weight provided for the data subm
itted from
the CVRL. The sample
weight for poultry meat sam
ples taken under the DAF/ FSA
I enhanced poultry monitoring programme varies.
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 10
Table Salmonella in milk and dairy products
Source of information
Sampling unit
Sample weight
Units tested
Total units positive for Salmonella sp
p.
S. Enteritidis
S. Typhimurium
Salmonella sp
p., unspecified
S. Brandenburg
S. Bredeney
S. M
bandaka
Cheeses made from cows' milk unspecified at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 5 0
Cheeses made from goats' milk
soft and semisoft at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 1 0
unspecified at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 4 0
Dairy products (excludingcheeses)
butter at processing plant Surveillance (Batch of 5)
DSL batch 25g 10 0
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 3 0
cream at processing plant Surveillance (Batch of 5)
DSL batch 25g 6 0
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 83 0
milk powder and whey powder
at processing plant Surveillance (Batch of 5)
DSL batch 25g 87 0
at processing plant Surveillance
CVRL single NotStated
5564 1 1
icecream at processing plant Surveillance
DSL single 25g 12 0
at processing plant Surveillance (Batch of 2)
DSL batch 25g 1 0
at processing plant Surveillance (Batch of 5)
DSL batch 25g 56 0
at processing plant Surveillance (Batch of 3)
DSL batch 25g 1 0
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 11
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 464 0
dairy desserts at processing plant Surveillance
DSL single 25g 1 0
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 37 0
dairy products, not specified at processing plant Surveillance (1)
DSL/CVRLsingle Varies 6103 3 2 1
at processing plant Surveillance (Batch of 5)
DSL batch 25g 18 0
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 29 0
Milk from other animal speciesor unspecified
UHT milk at processing plant Surveillance
DSL single 25g 10 0
at processing plant Surveillance (Batch of 5)
DSL batch 25g 1 0
pasteurised at processing plant Surveillance (Batch of 5)
DSL batch 25g 1 0
at processing plant Surveillance
CVRL single NotStated
224 0
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 4 0
raw at processing plant Surveillance
CVRL single NotStated
17 0
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 1 0
at retail Surveillance(Unspecified)
OFML single 25g 5 0
Cheeses, made fromunspecified milk or otheranimal milk
hard at processing plant Surveillance
DSL single 25g 30 0
at processing plant Surveillance (Batch of 5)
DSL batch 25g 40 0
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 1 0
unspecified at processing plant Surveillance
DSL single 25g 97 1 1
at processing plant Surveillance (Batch of 4)
DSL batch 25g 1 0
at processing plant Surveillance (Batch of 5)
DSL batch 25g 73 0
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 165 0
soft and semisoft
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 12
at processing plant Surveillance (Batch of 5)
DSL batch 25g 17 0
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 13 0
(1) : (DSL 5 Tested, 0 Positives) (CVRL 6098 Tested, 3 Positives)
Footnote
The sample weight for samples analysed at OFMLs and DSL is usually 25g. No sample weight provided for the datasubmitted from the CVRL.
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 13
Table Salmonella in red meat and products thereof (P
art A
)
Source of information
Sampling unit
Sample weight
Units tested
Total units positive for Salmonella spp.
S. Enteritidis
S. Typhimurium
Salmonella spp., unspecified
S. Anatum
S. Brandenburg
S. Bredeney
S. Hadar
S. Havana
S. Kentucky
S. Dublin
S. Kottbus
S. London
S. Manhattan
S. Mbandaka
S. Nottingham
Meat from pig
fresh
at processing plant
Surveillance (1)
CMCL/
CVRL
single
Varies
2927
5020
82
81
minced meat
intended to be eaten cooked
at processing plant
Surveillance
CMCL
single
25g
21
1
meat products
raw but intended to be eaten
cooked
at processing plant
Surveillance (2)
CMCL/
CVRL
single
Varies
3509
4626
11
11
31
at retail Surveillance O
FML
single
25g
160
cooked, readytoeat
at processing plant
Surveillance (3)
CMCL/
CVRL
single
Varies
5544
0
at retail Surveillance O
FML
single
25g
927
11
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 14
Meat from bovine animals
fresh
at processing plant
Surveillance (4)
CMCL/
CVRL
single
Varies
21618
3616
11
11
111
minced meat
intended to be eaten cooked
at processing plant
Surveillance
CMCL
single
25g
260
at retail Surveillance O
FML
single
25g
30
meat products
raw but intended to be eaten
cooked
at processing plant
Surveillance (5)
CMCL/
CVRL
single
Varies
11832
237
112
at retail Surveillance O
FML
single
25g
100
cooked, readytoeat
at processing plant
Surveillance (6)
CMCL/
CVRL
single
Varies
1951
22
at retail Surveillance O
FML
single
25g
481
0
Meat from sh
eep
fresh
at processing plant
Surveillance (7)
CMCL/
CVRL
single
Varies
1506
22
at retail Surveillance
OFM
Lsingle
25g
20
minced meat
intended to be eaten
cooked
at processing plant
Surveillance
CMCL
single
25g
20
at retail Surveillance O
FML
single
25g
10
meat products
cooked, readyto
eat
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 15
at processing plant
Surveillance (8)
CMCL/
CVRL
single
Varies
500
at retail Surveillance O
FML
single
25g
560
raw but intended to be
eaten cooked
at processing plant
Surveillance (9)
CMCL/
CVRL
single
Varies
727
0
offal
at processing plant
Surveillance
CMCL
single
25g
20
Other products of animal
origin
at processing plant
Surveillance (Edible Fat)
CVRL
single
Not
Stated
525
32
Meat, red meat (meat from
bovines, pigs, goats, sheep,
horses, donkeys, bison and
water buffalos)
meat products
raw but intended to be
eaten cooked
at processing plant
Surveillance
CMCL
single
25g
10
cooked, readyto
eat
at processing plant
Surveillance
CMCL
single
25g
80
Meat from other animal
species or not specified
at processing plant
Surveillance (M
eat
unclassified)
CMCL
single
25g
189
0
fresh
at processing plant
Surveillance
CVRL
single
Not
Stated
2773
215
41
12
1
at retail Surveillance
OFM
Lsingle
25g
20
meat products
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 16
raw but intended to be
eaten cooked
at processing plant
Surveillance
CVRL
single
Not
stated
1269
11
at retail Surveillance O
FML
single
25g
150
cooked, readyto
eat
at processing plant
Surveillance
CVRL
single
Not
Stated
3541
0
at retail Surveillance O
FML
single
25g
215
0
minced meat
intended to be eaten
cooked
at retail Surveillance O
FML
single
25g
130
Meat, mixed meat
meat products
cooked, readyto
eat
at processing plant
Surveillance
CMCL
single
25g
70
at retail Surveillance O
FML
single
25g
890
(1) : (C
MCL 19 Tested, 1 Positive) (CVRL 2908 Tested, 49 Positives)
(2) : (C
MCL 145 Tested, 1 Positive) (CVRL 3364 Tested, 45 Positive)
(3) : (C
MCL 171 Tested, 0 Positives) (C
VRL 5373 Tested, 0 Positives)
(4) : (C
MCL 46 Tested, 0 Positives) (C
VRL 21572 Tested, 36 Positives)
(5) : (C
MCL 269 Tested, 12 Positives) (CVRL 11563 Tested, 11 Positives)
(6) : (C
MCL 143 Tested, 0 Positives) (C
VRL 1808 Tested, 2 Positives)
(7) : (C
MCL 19 Tested, 0 Positives) (C
VRL 1487 Tested, 2 Positives)
(8) : (C
MCL 13 Tested, 0 Positives) (C
VRL 37 Tested, 0 Positives)
(9) : (C
MCL 2 Tested, 0 Positives) (C
VRL 725 Tested, 0 Positives)
Footnote
The sample weight for samples analysed at OFM
Ls and CMCL is usually 25g. N
o sample weight provided for the data subm
itted from
the CVRL.
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 17
Table Salmonella in red meat and products thereof (P
art B
)
S. Orion
S. Panama
S. Derby
S. Paratyphi
S. Reading
S. Rissen
S. Senftenberg
S. Bergen
S. Agona
Meat from pig
fresh
at processing plant
Surveillance (1)
7
4
minced meat
intended to be eaten cooked
at processing plant
Surveillance
meat products
raw but intended to be eaten
cooked
at processing plant
Surveillance (2)
10
11
at retail Surveillance
cooked, readytoeat
at processing plant
Surveillance (3)
at retail Surveillance
Meat from bovine animals
fresh
at processing plant
Surveillance (4)
1
3
minced meat
intended to be eaten cooked
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 18
at processing plant
Surveillance
at retail Surveillance
meat products
raw but intended to be eaten
cooked
at processing plant
Surveillance (5)
2
1
at retail Surveillance
cooked, readytoeat
at processing plant
Surveillance (6)
at retail Surveillance
Meat from sh
eep
fresh
at processing plant
Surveillance (7)
at retail Surveillance
minced meat
intended to be eaten
cooked
at processing plant
Surveillance
at retail Surveillance
meat products
cooked, readyto
eat
at processing plant
Surveillance (8)
at retail Surveillance
raw but intended to be
eaten cooked
at processing plant
Surveillance (9)
offal
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 19
at processing plant
Surveillance
Other products of animal
origin
at processing plant
Surveillance (Edible Fat)
1
Meat, red meat (meat from
bovines, pigs, goats, sheep,
horses, donkeys, bison and
water buffalos)
meat products
raw but intended to be
eaten cooked
at processing plant
Surveillance
cooked, readyto
eat
at processing plant
Surveillance
Meat from other animal
species or not specified
at processing plant
Surveillance (M
eat
unclassified)
fresh
at processing plant
Surveillance
1
23
1
at retail Surveillance
meat products
raw but intended to be
eaten cooked
at processing plant
Surveillance
at retail Surveillance
cooked, readyto
eat
at processing plant
Surveillance
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 20
at retail Surveillance
minced meat
intended to be eaten
cooked
at retail Surveillance
Meat, mixed meat
meat products
cooked, readyto
eat
at processing plant
Surveillance
at retail Surveillance
(1) : (C
MCL 19 Tested, 1 Positive) (CVRL 2908 Tested, 49 Positives)
(2) : (C
MCL 145 Tested, 1 Positive) (CVRL 3364 Tested, 45 Positive)
(3) : (C
MCL 171 Tested, 0 Positives) (C
VRL 5373 Tested, 0 Positives)
(4) : (C
MCL 46 Tested, 0 Positives) (C
VRL 21572 Tested, 36 Positives)
(5) : (C
MCL 269 Tested, 12 Positives) (CVRL 11563 Tested, 11 Positives)
(6) : (C
MCL 143 Tested, 0 Positives) (C
VRL 1808 Tested, 2 Positives)
(7) : (C
MCL 19 Tested, 0 Positives) (C
VRL 1487 Tested, 2 Positives)
(8) : (C
MCL 13 Tested, 0 Positives) (C
VRL 37 Tested, 0 Positives)
(9) : (C
MCL 2 Tested, 0 Positives) (C
VRL 725 Tested, 0 Positives)
Footnote
The sample weight for samples analysed at OFM
Ls and CMCL is usually 25g. N
o sample weight provided for the data subm
itted from
the CVRL.
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 21
Table Salmonella in other food
Source of information
Sampling unit
Sample weight
Units tested
Total units positive for Salmonella sp
p.
S. Enteritidis
S. Typhimurium
Salmonella sp
p., unspecified
S. Derby
S. M
bandaka
Eggs table eggs at processing plant Surveillance
CVRL single NotStated
142 0
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 6 0
Egg products at processing plant Surveillance (Unspecified)
CVRL single NotStated
1042 0
Crustaceans unspecified at processing plant Surveillance
DCMNR single 25g 5 0
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 11 0
prawns at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 21 0
lobsters at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 1 0
Molluscan shellfish cooked at processing plant Surveillance
DCMNR single 25g 3 0
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 6 0
raw at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 29 0
at retail Surveillance(Unspecified)
OFML single 25g 5 0
Live bivalve molluscs mussels at processing plant Surveillance
DCMNR single 25g 38 0
oysters at processing plant Surveillance
DCMNR single 25g 50 0
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 22
unspecified at processing plant Surveillance
DCMNR single 25g 6 0
Sprouted seeds readytoeat at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 3 0
Fruits and vegetables at processing plant Surveillance (Unspecified)
CVRL single NotStated
3490 0
products at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 3 0
at retail Surveillance(Unspecified)
OFML single 25g 2 0
Juice fruit juice at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 21 0
mixed juice at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 1 0
at retail Surveillance(Unspecified)
OFML single 25g 1 0
Infant formula at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 144 0
Foodstuffs intended for specialnutritional uses
readytoeat at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 584 0
nonreadytoeat at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 36 0
Fish smoked at processing plant Surveillance
DCMNR single 25g 13 0
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 21 0
unspecified at processing plant Surveillance
DCMNR single 25g 2 0
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 44 0
cooked at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 21 0
raw at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 12 0
Fishery products, unspecified at processing plant Surveillance (unspecified)
DCMNR single 25g 1 0
cooked at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 26 0
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 23
raw at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 2 0
readytoeat at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 244 0
Other processed food productsand prepared dishes
unspecified readytoeat foods at processing plant Surveillance
CVRL single NotStated
5445 1 1
nonreadytoeat foods at processing plant Surveillance
CVRL single NotStated
8564 0
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 2443 1 1
noodles at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 9 0
pasta at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 115 0
sandwiches at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 648 0
Water potable water at processing plant Surveillance
CVRL single NotStated
520 0
Mushrooms at processing plant Surveillance
CVRL single NotStated
137 0
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 742 0
Other food at processing plant Surveillance (Unspecified)
CVRL single NotStated
3047 1 1
at retail Surveillance(Unspecified) (1)
OFML single 25g 4 0
Fruits precut at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 4 0
products at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 17 0
at retail Surveillance(Unspecified)
OFML single 25g 52 0
Vegetables nonprecut at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 1 0
precut at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 34 0
products at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 33 0
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 24
at retail Surveillance(Unspecified)
OFML single 25g 115 0
Bakery products bread at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 17 0
cakes at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 107 0
desserts at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 313 0
pastry at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 76 0
Nuts and nut products salted at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 1 0
at retail Surveillance(Unspecified)
OFML single 25g 13 0
Soups readytoeat at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 79 0
Spices and herbs dried at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 1 0
at retail Surveillance(Unspecified)
OFML single 25g 25 0
Sauce and dressings at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 251 0
Cereals and meals at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 179 0
Confectionery products andpastes
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 18 0
Beverages, nonalcoholic soft drinks at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 18 0
Chocolate at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 1 0
Fats and oils (excluding butter)
oils at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 7 0
Sweets at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 1 0
Cocoa and cocoa preparations,coffee and tea
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 9 0
(1) : 3 Additives and 1 Alcohol Tested, 0 Positives
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 25
Footnote
The sample weight for samples analysed at OFMLs and DCMNR is usually 25g. No sample weight provided for the datasubmitted from the CVRL
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 26
2.1.4. Salmonella in animals
Table Salmonella in breeding flocks of Gallus gallus
Source of information
Sampling unit
Units tested
Total units positive for Salmonella sp
p.
S. Enteritidis
S. Typhimurium
Salmonella sp
p., unspecified
Gallus gallus (fowl) parent breeding flocks for eggproduction line
NCP flock 10 0 0 0 0
parent breeding flocks formeat production line
NCP flock 583 55 0 0 55
parent breeding flocks,unspecified
On farmsamplingflock 378 36 0 0 36
Footnote
NCP = National Control Porgramme
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 27
Table Salmonella in other poultry
Source of information
Sampling unit
Units tested
Total units positive for Salmonella sp
p.
S. Enteritidis
S. Typhimurium
Salmonella sp
p., unspecified
Gallus gallus (fowl) laying hens during production period NCP flock 340 1 0 1 0
Ducks NCP flock 20 4 0 0 4
Turkeys breeding flocks NCP flock 99 0 0 0 0
meat production flocks On farmsamplingflock 76 0 0 0 0
Footnote
NCP = National Control Programme
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 28
Table Salmonella in other birds
Source of information
Sampling unit
Units tested
Total units positive for Salmonella sp
p.
S. Enteritidis
S. Typhimurium
Salmonella sp
p., unspecified
S. Dublin
Pigeons Diagnostic animal 15 2 0 1 1
Guinea fowl Diagnostic animal 0 0 0 0 0 0
Quails Diagnostic animal 1 0 0 0 0 0
Pheasants Diagnostic animal 12 0 0 0 0 0
Partridges Diagnostic animal 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ostriches Diagnostic animal 0 0 0 0 0 0
Swans wild Clinical investigations suspect sampling
Diagnostic animal 30 1 0 0 1
Peafowl wild Clinical investigations Diagnostic animal 1 0 0 0 0 0
Night herons Clinical investigations Diagnostic animal 2 0 0 0 0 0
Birds wild game birds Clinical investigations suspect sampling
Diagnostic animal 18 0 0 0 0 0
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 29
Table Salmonella in other animals
Source of information
Sampling unit
Units tested
Total units positive for Salmonella sp
p.
S. Enteritidis
S. Typhimurium
Salmonella sp
p., unspecified
S. Braenderup
S. Derby
S. M
anhatta
n
S. Dublin
Cattle (bovine animals) calves (under 1 year) Diagnostic animal 6799 229 0 12 1 0 216
adult cattle over 2 years Diagnostic animal 681 45 0 14 3 1 27
Sheep Diagnostic animal 1044 5 0 0 0 0 0 5
Goats Diagnostic animal 51 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
Pigs Diagnostic animal 310 15 0 5 6 1 3 0 0
Solipeds, domestic Diagnostic animal 111 5 0 5 0 0 0 0
Badgers wild Clinical investigations Diagnostic animal 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dogs pet animals Diagnostic animal 535 1 1
Deer wild fallow deer Diagnostic animal 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 30
2.1.5. Salmonella in feedingstuffs
Table Salmonella in feed material of animal origin
Source of information
Sampling unit
Sample weight
Units tested
Total units positive for Salmonella sp
p.
S. Enteritidis
S. Typhimurium
Salmonella sp
p., unspecified
Feed material of marineanimal origin
fish meal single 25g 2 0
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 31
Table Salmonella in other feed matter
Source of information
Sampling unit
Sample weight
Units tested
Total units positive for Salmonella sp
p.
S. Typhimurium
S. Enteritidis
Salmonella sp
p., unspecified
S. Senftenberg
Feed material of cereal grainorigin
barley derived single 25g 11 0
wheat derived single 25g 13 0
maize single 25g 4 0
derived 25g 20 0
other cereal grain derived single 25g 3 0
Feed material of oil seed orfruit origin
groundnut derived 0
rape seed derived single 25g 14 0
palm kernel derived single 25g 12 0
soya (bean) derived single 25g 32 1 1
cotton seed derived single 25g 2 0
sunflower seed derived single 25g 9 0
Other feed material tubers, roots and similarproducts
single 25g 4 0
other seeds and fruits single 25g 3 0
forages and roughages single 25g 1 0
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 32
Table Salmonella in compound feedingstuffs
Source of information
Sampling unit
Sample weight
Units tested
Total units positive for Salmonella sp
p.
S. Typhimurium
S. Enteritidis
Salmonella sp
p., unspecified
S. Kentucky
Compound feedingstuffs forcattle
final product single 25g 79 0
Compound feedingstuffs forpigs
final product single 25g 15 0
Compound feedingstuffs forpoultry (non specified)
final product single 25g 6 0
Compound feedingstuffs forpoultry laying hens
final product single 25g 15 0
Compund feedingstuffs forpoultry broilers
final product single 25g 10 1 1
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 33
2.1.6. Salmonella serovars and phagetype distribution
The methods of collecting, isolating and testing of the Salmonella isolates are described in the chapters aboverespectively for each animal species, foodstuffs and humans. The serotype and phagetype distributions can beused to investigate the sources of the Salmonella infections in humans. Findings of same serovars andphagetypes in human cases and in foodstuffs or animals may indicate that the food category or animal species inquestion serves as a source of human infections. However as information is not available from all potentialsources of infections, conclusions have to be drawn with caution.
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 34
Table Salmonella serovars in animals
Serovars
Other animals Clinical investigations
Cattle (bovine animals)
Pigs
Gallus gallus (fowl)
Other poultry
Sources of isolates (*)
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
Num
ber of isolates in the laboratory
N=
268
105
Num
ber of isolates serotyped
N=
013
0264
010
15
00
Num
ber of isolates per type
S. Alachua
01
00
00
00
S. Braenderup
00
00
01
00
S. Derby
00
00
03
00
S. Dublin
06
0243
00
01
S. Kedougou
00
00
01
00
S. Kentucky
00
00
00
02
S. M
anhattan
01
S. Typhimurium
06
020
05
12
Footnote
(*) M
: Monitoring, C : Clinical
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 35
Table Salmonella serovars in food
Serovars
Meat from other animal species or not specified
Meat from turkey
Other food
Meat from bovine animals
Meat from pig
Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus)
Other poultry
Other products of animal origin
Meat from duck
Meat from sheep
Sources of isolates (*)
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
Num
ber of isolates in the laboratory
N=
2214
861
9884
38
2
Num
ber of isolates serotyped
N=
180
70
60
580
890
790
00
30
80
20
Num
ber of isolates per type
S. Agona
117
S. Anatum
11
1
S. Bergen
1
S. Blockley
1
S. Brandenburg
11
4
S. Bredeney
12
14
22
S. Cerro
2
S. Derby
11
317
31
S. Dublin
23
S. Enteritidis
1
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 36
S. Hadar
31
3
S. Havana
1
S. Heidelberg
11
S. Indiana
1
S. Infantis
21
S. Kentucky
816
S. Kibi
2
S. Kottbus
11
2
S. London
23
S. M
anhattan
2
S. M
bandaka
12
16
S. Nottingham
1
S. Orion
12
S. Panam
a 1
S. Reading
5
S. Rissen
3
S. Saintpaul
1
S. Schwarzengrund
1
S. Senftenberg
1
S. Typhimurium
623
474
22
S. Paratyphi B var. Java
2
S. Paratyphi
23
Footnote
(*) M
: Monitoring, C : Clinical
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 37
Table Salmonella Enteritidis p
hagetypes in animals
Phagetype
Cattle (bovine animals)
Pigs
Gallus gallus (fowl)
Other poultry
Other animals
Sources of isolates (*)
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
Num
ber of isolates in the laboratory
N=
00
00
00
00
Num
ber of isolates phagetyped
N=
00
00
00
00
00
Footnote
(*) M
: Monitoring, C : Clinical
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 38
Table Salmonella Enteritidis p
hagetypes in food
Phagetype
Meat from bovine animals
Meat from pig
Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus)
Other poultry
Other products of animal origin
Sources of isolates (*)
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
Num
ber of isolates in the laboratory
N=
1
Num
ber of isolates phagetyped
N=
00
00
00
00
00
Footnote
(*) M
: Monitoring, C : Clinical
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 39
Table Salmonella Typhimurium phagetypes in animals
Phagetype
Cattle (bovine animals)
Pigs
Gallus gallus (fowl)
Other poultry
Other animals Clinical investigations
Sources of isolates (*)
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
Num
ber of isolates in the laboratory
N=
205
5
Num
ber of isolates phagetyped
N=
015
08
01
00
04
Num
ber of isolates per type
DT 104
61
03
DT 104b
21
00
DT 193
02
11
DT 85
60
00
U 288
14
DT 2
Footnote
(*) M
: Monitoring, C : Clinical
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 40
Table Salmonella Typhimurium phagetypes in food
Phagetype
Meat from bovine animals
Meat from pig
Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus)
Other poultry
Other products of animal origin
Meat from duck
Meat from other animal species or not specified
Sources of isolates (*)
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
Num
ber of isolates in the laboratory
N=
2347
42
26
Num
ber of isolates phagetyped
N=
00
00
00
00
20
20
10
Num
ber of isolates per type
DT 104
2
DT 104b
21
Footnote
(*) M
: Monitoring, C : Clinical
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 41
2.1.7. Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella isolates
Antimicrobial resistance is the ability of certain microorganisms to survive or grow in the presence of a givenconcentration of antimicrobial agent that usually would kill or inhibit the microorganism species in question.Antimicrobial resistant Salmonella strains may be transferred from animals or foodstuffs to humans.
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 42
Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S.Typhimurium in animals
n = Number of resistant isolates
S. TyphimuriumCattle (bovineanimals)
Pigs Gallus gallus (fowl) Turkeys Other animals Clinicalinvestigations
Isolates out of a monitoringprogramme Number of isolatesavailable in the laboratory
17 4 1
Antimicrobials: N n N n N n N n N nTetracyclines
Tetracyclin 16 3 4 4 1 1Amphenicols
Florfenicol 14 10 1 0 1 1Cephalosporins
Cefalexin 2 1 0 0Fluoroquinolones
Enrofloxacin 17 0 4 0 1 1Aminoglycosides
Streptomycin 2 1 1 1Neomycin 15 2 3 3
Trimethoprim + sulfonamidesTrimethoprim +Sulfonamide
17 3 4 4 1 1
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 43
Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Salmonella in animals
n = Number of resistant isolates
Salmonella spp.Cattle (bovineanimals)
Pigs Gallus gallus(fowl)
Turkeys Other animals Clinicalinvestigations
Other poultry Clinicalinvestigations
Isolates out of a monitoringprogramme Number of isolatesavailable in the laboratory
268 15 0 13 3
Antimicrobials: N n N n N n N n N n N nTetracyclines
Tetracyclin 220 20 15 12 0 0 13 3 2 1Amphenicols
Florfenicol 218 25 15 2 0 0 13 2 3 0Cephalosporins
Cefalexin 41 4 6 0 3 2 3 0Fluoroquinolones
Enrofloxacin 221 2 15 0 13 0 3 0Aminoglycosides
Streptomycin 41 10 7 7 3 3 3 0Neomycin 169 8 9 4 8 1 3 0
Trimethoprim + sulfonamidesTrimethoprim +Sulfonamide
223 12 15 10 13 1 3 0
Resistant to 1 antimicrobial 26 3 1
Resistant to 2antimicrobials
23 2
Resistant to 3antimicrobials
7 3 2
Resistant to 4antimicrobials
1 2 1
Resistant to >4antimicrobials
2 4 1
Footnote
Under Sulfonamides, the data relates to Trimethoprim+Sulfonamide
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 44
2.2. CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS
2.2.1. General evaluation of the national situation
2.2.2. Campylobacteriosis in humans
A. Thermophilic Campylobacter in humans
Case definition
Campylobacter infection (Campylobacter sp.) (EU)Clinical descriptionClinical picture compatible with campylobacter infection, i.e. an illness with diarrhoea and/ orvomiting of variable severity which may be accompanied by abdominal cramps and fever**Laboratory criteria for diagnosisIsolation of Campylobacter sp. from any clinical specimenCase classificationPossible: N/ AProbable: A clinically compatible case with an epidemiological link*Confirmed: A clinically compatible case (symptomatic or asymptomatic) that is laboratory confirmed** The description in the EU case definition document has been elaborated upon here
Notification system in place
Notifiable since 2004
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 45
2.2.3. Campylobacter in foodstuffs
Table Campylobacter in poultry meat
Source of information
Sampling unit
Sample weight
Units tested
Total units positive for thermophilic Cam
pylobacter sp
p.
C. coli
C. lari
C. jejuni
C. upsaliensis
thermophilic Cam
pylobacter sp
p., unspecified
Meat from broilers (Gallusgallus)
fresh at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 6 5 4 1
at processing plant Monitoring
DAF/FSAIsingle Varies 43 4 4
meat products raw but intended to be eatencooked
at processing plant Surveillance
CMCL single 25g 14 8 8
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 4 2 2
cooked, readytoeat at processing plant Surveillance
CMCL single 25g 8 0
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 464 0
carcass at processing plant Monitoring
DAF/FSAIsingle Varies 107 64 64
at processing plant Monitoring (Unspecified)
DAF/FSAIsingle Varies 2 0
Meat from turkey fresh at processing plant Monitoring
DAF/FSAIsingle Varies 1 0
meat products raw but intended to be eatencooked
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 46
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 1 0
cooked, readytoeat at processing plant Surveillance
CMCL single 25g 4 0
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 57 0
Meat from duck meat products cooked, readytoeat at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 8 0
at processing plant Monitoring (Unspecified)
DAF/FSAIsingle Varies 10 8 8
Meat from poultry, unspecified
meat products raw but intended to beeaten cooked
at processing plant Surveillance
CMCL single 25g 13 4 4
cooked, readytoeat at processing plant Surveillance
CMCL single 25g 8 0
at processing plant Monitoring (Unspecified)
DAF/FSAIsingle Varies 12 12 12
Footnote
The sample weight for samples analysed at OFMLs and CMCL is usually 25g. The sample weight for poultry meatsamples taken under the DAF/ FSAI enhanced poultry monitoring surveillance programme varies.
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 47
Table Campylobacter in other food
Source of information
Sampling unit
Sample weight
Units tested
Total units positive for thermophilic Cam
pylobacter sp
p.
C. jejuni
C. coli
C. upsaliensis
C. lari
thermophilic Cam
pylobacter sp
p., unspecified
Meat from pig meat products cooked, readytoeat at processing plant Surveillance
CMCL single 25g 1 0
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 215 0
raw but intended to beeaten cooked
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 10 0
Meat from bovine animals minced meat intended to be eatencooked
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 1 0
meat products raw but intended to beeaten cooked
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 8 0
cooked, readytoeat at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 89 0
Meat from sheep fresh at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 1 0
meat products cooked, readytoeat at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 12 0
Meat from other animalspecies or not specified
meat products raw but intended to beeaten cooked
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 48
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 12 0
cooked, readytoeat at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 60 0
minced meat intended to be eatencooked
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 12 0
Meat, mixed meat meat products cooked, readytoeat at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 23 0
Cheeses, made fromunspecified milk or otheranimal milk
soft and semisoft at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 1 0
unspecified at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 7 0
Dairy products (excludingcheeses)
butter at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 1 0
dairy desserts at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 2 0
icecream at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 2 0
Fish cooked at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 2 0
raw at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 3 0
unspecified at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 1 0
Crustaceans prawns at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 3 0
Fishery products, unspecified cooked at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 1 0
readytoeat at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 9 0
Molluscan shellfish raw at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 1 0
Vegetables products at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 3 0
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 49
at retail Surveillance(Unspecified)
OFML single 25g 6 0
Soups readytoeat at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 7 0
Bakery products cakes at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 4 0
desserts at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 2 0
pastry at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 1 0
Other processed food productsand prepared dishes
noodles at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 3 0
pasta at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 7 0
sandwiches at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 95 0
unspecified at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 61 0
Sauce and dressings at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 30 0
Cereals and meals at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 12 0
Foodstuffs intended for specialnutritional uses
nonreadytoeat at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 1 0
readytoeat at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 1 0
Confectionery products andpastes
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 2 0
Beverages, nonalcoholic soft drinks at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 2 0
Infant formula at retail Surveillance(Unspecified)
OFML single 25g 1 0
Footnote
The sample weight for samples analysed at OFMLs and CMCL is usually 25g.
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 50
2.2.4. Campylobacter in animals
Table Campylobacter in animals
Source of information
Sampling unit
Units tested
Total units positive for thermophilic Cam
pylobacter sp
p.
C. jejuni
C. coli
C. lari
C. upsaliensis
thermophilic Cam
pylobacter sp
p., unspecified
C. fetus
Cattle (bovine animals) dairy cows animal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
calves (under 1 year) animal 3756 236 236 0 0 0 0
unspecified Clinical investigations animal 2048 2 1 1
Sheep animal 611 6 6
Goats animal 36 0
Pigs animal 216 2 2
Solipeds, domestic animal 18 0
Gallus gallus (fowl) broilers at farm animal 192 0
Turkeys animal 37 0
Ducks animal 8 0
Geese animal 10 0
Dogs animal 447 1 1
Cats animal 28 0
Swans wild Clinical investigations animal 20 0
Birds wild game birds Clinical investigations animal 25 0
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 51
Footnote
Cattle: Unspecified category is "Foetus"
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 52
2.2.5. Antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter isolates
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 53
2.3. LISTERIOSIS
2.3.1. General evaluation of the national situation
2.3.2. Listeriosis in humans
A. Listeriosis in humans
Case definition
Listeriosis (Listeria monocytogenes) (EU)Clinical descriptionInfection caused by L. monocytogenes, which may produce any of several clinical syndromes,including stillbirth, listeriosis of the newborn, meningitis, bacteraemia or localised infections.Laboratory criteria for diagnosisIsolation of L. monocytogenes from a normally sterile site (e.g. blood or cerebrospinal fluid or, lesscommonly, joint, pleural or pericardial fluid)Case classificationPossible: N/ AProbable: N/ AConfirmed: A clinically compatible case that is laboratory confirmed
Notification system in place
Notifiable since 2004
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 54
2.3.3. Listeria in foodstuffs
Table Listeria monocytogenes in milk and dairy products
Source of information
Sampling unit
Sample weight
Units tested
Total units positive for L.monocytogenes
Listeria monocytogenes presence in x g
> detection lim
it but =
< 100 cfu/ g
L. m
onocytogenes > 100 cfu/ g
Cheeses made from goats' milk
unspecified
at retail Surveillance (3) OFML single 25g 2 0
at retail Surveillance(Enumeration only)
OFML single 25g 2 0 0
Dairy products (excludingcheeses)
butter (1) OFML 25g 2 0 0
at processing plant Surveillance
DSL single 25g 20 3 3
at processing plant Surveillance (Batch of 5 at1g)
DSL batch 1g 1 0
at processing plant Surveillance (Batch of 5 at25g)
DSL batch 25g 51 0
at retail Surveillance (6) OFML single 25g 1 0
at retail Surveillance((Emumeration only))
OFML single 25g 2 0 0
cream at processing plant Surveillance (Batch of 5)
DSL batch 25g 25 0
at retail Surveillance (7) OFML single 25g 18 0
at retail Surveillance((Emumeration only))
OFML single 25g 26 0 0
dairy desserts
at processing plant Surveillance
DSL single 25g 7 0
at processing plant Surveillance (Batch of 5 )
DSL batch 25g 10 0
at retail Surveillance (8) OFML single 25g 5 2 2 2
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 55
at retail Surveillance((Detection andEnumeration, where done))(12)
OFML single 25g 5 2 2
at retail Surveillance((Enumeration only))
OFML single 25g 16 0 0
icecream
at processing plant Surveillance (Single at 1g)
DSL single 1g 2 0
at processing plant Surveillance (Single at 25g)
DSL single 25g 19 1 1
at processing plant Surveillance (Batch of 3)
DSL batch 1g 1 0
at processing plant Surveillance (Batch of 5 at1g)
DSL batch 1g 7 0
at processing plant Surveillance (Batch of 5 at25g)
DSL batch 25g 52 0
at retail Surveillance (9) OFML single 25g 90 6 6 1 1
at retail Surveillance(Detection andEnumeration, where done.)(13)
at retail Surveillance(Enumeration only)
OFML single 25g 71 0 0
milk powder and wheypowder
at processing plant Surveillance (Single at 1g)
DSL single 1g 7 0
at processing plant Surveillance (Single at 25g)
DSL single 25g 10 0
at processing plant Surveillance (Batch of 5 at1g)
DSL batch 1g 43 0
at processing plant Surveillance (Batch of 5 at25g)
DSL batch 25g 50 0
dairy products, not specified
at processing plant Surveillance
DSL single 1g 5 0
at processing plant Surveillance (Batch of 5 at1g)
DSL batch 1g 5 0
at processing plant Surveillance (Batch of 5 at25g)
DSL batch 25g 42 0
at retail Surveillance (10) OFML single 25g 6 0
at retail Surveillance(Emumeration only)
OFML single 25g 3 0 0
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 56
Milk from other animal speciesor unspecified
pasteurised
at processing plant Surveillance
DSL single 25g 11 0
at processing plant Surveillance (Batch of 5 )
DSL batch 25g 21 0
UHT milk
at processing plant Surveillance
DSL single 25g 10 0
at processing plant Surveillance (Batch of 5)
DSL batch 25g 3 0
raw
at retail Surveillance (2) OFML single 25g 1 0
at retail Surveillance(Emuneration only)
OFML single 25g 3 0 0
Cheeses, made fromunspecified milk or otheranimal milk
soft and semisoft
at processing plant Surveillance
DSL single 25g 33 0
at processing plant Surveillance (Batch of 5)
DSL batch 25g 40 0
at retail Surveillance (4) OFML single 25g 7 0
at retail Surveillance((Enumeration only))
OFML single 25g 5 0 0
hard
at processing plant Surveillance
DSL single 25g 31 0
at processing plant Surveillance (Batch of 5 at1g)
DSL batch 1g 25 0
at processing plant Surveillance (Batch of 5 at25g)
DSL batch 25g 9 0
unspecified
at processing plant Surveillance
DSL single 25g 360 70 70
at processing plant Surveillance (Batch of 5)
DSL batch 25g 179 0
at retail Surveillance (5) OFML single 25g 6 3 3 0 0
at retail Surveillance((Detection and Enumeration))(11)
OFML single 25g 6 3 3 0 0
at retail Surveillance((Enumeration only))
OFML single 25g 111 0 0
(1) : Error!(2) : Detection and Enumerative (where given) Results(3) : Detection and Enumerative (where given) Results(4) : Detection and Enumerative (where given) Results
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 57
(5) : Detection and Enumerative (where given) Results(6) : Detection and Enumerative (where given) Results(7) : Detection and Enumerative (where given) Results(8) : Detection and Enumerative (where given) Results(9) : Detection and Enumerative (where given) Results(10) : Detection and Enumerative (where given) Results(11) : already entered: error(12) : Already entered: error(13) : Already entered:Error
Footnote
The sample weight for samples analysed at OFMLs is usually 25g. The sample weight for samples analysed at DSL iseither 1g or 25g.
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 58
Table Listeria monocytogenes in other foods
Source of information
Sampling unit
Sample weight
Units tested
Total units positive for L.monocytogenes
Listeria monocytogenes presence in x g
> detection lim
it but =
< 100 cfu/ g
L. m
onocytogenes > 100 cfu/ g
Meat from broilers (Gallusgallus)
meat products
cooked, readytoeat at processing plant Surveillance
CMCL single 25g 65 0
at retail Surveillance(1)
OFML single 25g 104 38 38 0 1
at retail Surveillance(Enumeration only)
OFML single 25g 545 0 0
raw but intended to beeaten cooked
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 3 2 2 0
minced meat
intended to be eatencooked
at processing plant Surveillance
CMCL single 25g 1 0
Meat from pig
meat products
cooked, readytoeat at processing plant Surveillance
CMCL single 25g 119 0
at retail Surveillance(3)
OFML single 25g 97 33 33 1 2
at retail Surveillance(enumeration method) (9)
OFML single 25g 500 2 499 1
at retail Surveillance(Enumeration only)
OFML single 25g 3 0
raw but intended to beeaten cooked
at processing plant Surveillance
CMCL single 25g 11 0
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 3 0
at retail Surveillance(Enumeration only)
OFML single 25g 2 0 0
minced meat
intended to be eatencooked
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 59
at processing plant Surveillance
CMCL single 25g 1 0
Meat from bovine animals
meat products
cooked, readytoeat at processing plant Surveillance
CMCL single 25g 18 0
at retail Surveillance(4)
OFML single 25g 44 7 7 1
at retail Surveillance(Enumeration only)
OFML single 25g 208 0 0
minced meat
intended to be eatencooked
at processing plant Surveillance
CMCL single 25g 2 0
Fish
smoked at processing plant Surveillance
DCMNR single 25g 19 0
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 7 3 3
at retail Surveillance(Enumeration Only)
OFML single 25g 10 0 0
unspecified
at processing plant Surveillance
DCMNR single 25g 6 0
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 2 0
at retail Surveillance(Enumeration Only)
OFML single 25g 28 0 0
cooked
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 3 1 1
at retail Surveillance(Enumeration Only)
OFML single 25g 6 0 0
raw
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 3 0
at retail Surveillance(Enumeration Only)
OFML single 25g 3 0 0
Crustaceans
unspecified
at processing plant Surveillance
DCMNR single 25g 6 0
Molluscan shellfish
cooked at processing plant Surveillance
DCMNR single 25g 1 0
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 1 0
at retail Surveillance(Enumeration Only)
OFML single 25g 3 0 0
at retail Surveillance(Unspecified)
OFML single 25g 2 2 2 0
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 60
Foodstuffs intended for specialnutritional uses
nonreadytoeat
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 1 0
at retail Surveillance(Enumeration Only)
OFML single 25g 2 0 0
Meat from turkey
meat products
cooked, readytoeat
at processing plant Surveillance
CMCL single 25g 34 0
at retail Surveillance(2)
OFML single 25g 12 4 4 0
at retail Surveillance(Enumeration only)
OFML single 25g 82 0 0
Meat from poultry, unspecified
meat products
cooked, readytoeat
at processing plant Surveillance
CMCL single 25g 45 0
Meat from sheep
meat products
cooked, readytoeat
at processing plant Surveillance
CMCL single 25g 1 0
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 6 0
at retail Surveillance(Enumeration only)
OFML single 25g 26 0 0
Meat from other animalspecies or not specified
meat products
at processing plant Surveillance (not specified)
CMCL single 25g 48 0
cooked, readytoeat
at retail Surveillance(5)
OFML single 25g 23 6 6 1
at retail Surveillance(Enumeration Only)
OFML single 25g 86 0 0
minced meat
intended to be eatencooked
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 1 0
Meat, mixed meat
meat products
cooked, readytoeat
at processing plant Surveillance
CMCL single 25g 4 0
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 10 3 3 0
at retail Surveillance(Enumeration Only)
OFML single 25g 45 0 0
Fishery products, unspecified
readytoeat
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 61
at processing plant Surveillance
DCMNR single 25g 2 0
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 9 4 4 0
at retail Surveillance(Enumeration Only)
OFML single 25g 129 0 0
at processing plant Surveillance (unspecified)
DCMNR single 25g 1 0
cooked
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 9 0
at retail Surveillance(Enumeration Only)
OFML single 25g 1 0 0
Meat from duck
meat products
cooked, readytoeat
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 1 0
at retail Surveillance(Emumeration only)
OFML single 25g 9 0 0
Bakery products
bread
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 1 0
at retail Surveillance(Enumeration Only)
OFML single 25g 4 0 0
cakes
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 14 0
at retail Surveillance(Enumeration Only)
OFML single 25g 35 0 0
desserts
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 16 1 1 1
at retail Surveillance(Enumeration Only)
OFML single 25g 122 0 0
pastry
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 19 0
at retail Surveillance(Enumeration Only)
OFML single 25g 22 0 0
Fruits
products
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 1 1 1 0
at retail Surveillance(Enumeration Only)
OFML single 25g 6 0 0
precut
at retail Surveillance(Enumeration Only)
OFML single 25g 4 0 0
Vegetables
precut
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 1 0
at retail Surveillance(Enumeration Only)
OFML single 25g 23 0 0
products
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 62
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 4 2 2 0
at retail Surveillance(Enumeration Only)
OFML single 25g 20 0 0
at retail Surveillance(Unspecified)
OFML single 25g 2 2 2
nonprecut
at retail Surveillance(Enumeration Only)
OFML single 25g 1 0
Soups
readytoeat
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 4 1 1 0
at retail Surveillance(Enumeration Only)
OFML single 25g 54 0 0
Other processed food productsand prepared dishes
unspecified
at retail Surveillance (6) OFML single 25g 190 61 61 2 1
at retail Surveillance(Enumeration Only)
OFML single 25g 1194 0 0
noodles
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 1 0
at retail Surveillance(Enumeration Only)
OFML single 25g 4 0 0
pasta
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 9 3 3 0
at retail Surveillance(Enumeration Only)
OFML single 25g 64 0 0
sandwiches
at retail Surveillance (7) OFML single 25g 70 23 23 4 0
at retail Surveillance(Enumeration Only)
OFML single 25g 115 0 0
Sauce and dressings
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 21 0
at retail Surveillance(Enumeration Only)
OFML single 25g 151 0 0
Cereals and meals
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 19 4 4 0
at retail Surveillance(Enumeration Only)
OFML single 25g 82 0 0
Mushrooms
at retail Surveillance (8) OFML single 25g 172 9 9 1
at retail Surveillance(Enumeration Only)
OFML single 25g 284 0 0
Confectionery products andpastes
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 1 0
at retail Surveillance(Enumeration Only)
OFML single 25g 7 0 0
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 63
(1) : Result 1: 11 Detected in 25g no quantitative test. Result 2: (</ =100) 25 Detected in 25g and below the detection limit of <20cfu/ g. Result 3: (>100)1 Detected in 25g and above the detection limit of <20cfu/ g.(2) : Result 1: Detected in 25g no quantitative test. Result 2: (</ =100) 3 Detected in 25g and below the detection limit of <20cfu/ g(3) : Result 1: 8 Detected in 25g no quantitative test. Result 2: (</ =100) 19 Detected in 25g and below the detection limit of <20cfu/ g.Result 3: (</ =100) 1 Detected in 25g and above the detection limit of <20cfu/ g.Result 4: (>100) 2 Detected in 25g and above the detection limit of <20cfu/ g.(4) : Result 1: (</ =100) 6 Detected in 25g and above the detection limit of <20cfu/ g.Result 2: (</ =100) 1 Detected in 25g and above the detection limit of <20cfu/ g.(5) : Result 1: (</ =100) 1 Detected in 25g and above the detection limit of <20cfu/ g.Result 2: (</ =100) 3 Detected in 25g and below the detection limit of <20cfu/ g.Result 3: 1 Detected in 25g and no quantitative test.(6) : Result 1: 12 Detected in 25g no quantitative test.Result 2: (</ =100) 42 Detected in 25g and below the detection limit of <20cfu/ g.Result 3: (</ =100) 2 Detected in 25g and above the detection limit of <20cfu/ g.Result 4: (>100) 1 Detected in 25g and above the detection limit <20cfu/ g.(7) : Result 1: Detected in 25g no quantitative test.Result 2: (</ =100) 15 Detected in 25g and bel;ow the detection limit of <20cfu/ g.Result 3: (</ =100) 5 Detected in 25g and above the detection limit of <20cfu/ g.(8) : Result 1: 4 Detected in 25g no quantitative test.Result 2: (</ =100) 3 Detected in 25g and below the detection limit of <20cfu/ g.Result 3: (</ =100) 1 Detected in 25g and above the detection limit of <10cfu/ g.(9) : A positive for quantitative tests was considered to have occured where the result was above the limit of detection of <20cfu/ g. 2 quantitativepositives here with no corresponding qualitative test.Result 1: (</ =100) 498 below the limit of detection of <20cfu/ g. Result 2: (</ =100) 1 above the limit of detection of <20cfu/ g.Result 3: (>100) 1 above the limit of detection of <20cfu/ g.
Footnote
The sample weight for samples analysed at OFMLs, CMCL and DCMNR is usually 25g.
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 64
2.3.4. Listeria in animals
Table Listeria in animals
Source of information
Sampling unit
Units tested
Total units positive for Listeria spp.
L. m
onocytogenes
Listeria spp., unspecified
L. ivanovii
Cattle (bovine animals) animal
dairy cows animal 498 0 0 0
calves (under 1 year) for slaughter Clinical investigations animal 6135 7 4 0
unspecified Clinical investigations (1) animal 2148 36 29 7
Sheep animal 1094 1 1
Goats animal
Pigs animal 312 0
Gallus gallus (fowl) animal 397 0
(1) : In this case the animal species is cattle "foetus"
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 65
2.4. E. COLI INFECTIONS
2.4.1. General evaluation of the national situation
2.4.2. E. Coli Infections in humans
A. Verotoxigenic Escherichia coli infections in humans
Case definition
Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (E. coli of serogroup known to be toxin producing) (EU)Clinical descriptionClinical picture compatible with enterohaemorrhagic E. coli infection, e.g. diarrhoea (often bloody)and abdominal cramps. Illness may be complicated by haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) orthrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). Cases may also be asymptomatic**.Laboratory criteria for diagnosisOne of the following:• Isolation of E. coli belonging to a serogroup known to cause enterohaemorrhagic disease• Serological confirmation in patients with HUS or TTP• For probable cases: detection of genes coding for Stx1/ Stx2 productionCase classificationPossible: N/ AProbable: A laboratory confirmed isolate without clinical information or a case with clinicalsymptoms that has an epidemiological link*Confirmed: A clinically compatible case that is laboratory confirmed** The description in the EU case definition document has been elaborated upon here.
Notification system in place
Notifiable since 2004
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 66
2.4.3. Escherichia coli, pathogenic in foodstuffs
Table VT E. coli in food
Source of information
Sampling unit
Sample weight
Units tested
Total units positive for Escherichia coli, pathogenic
E.coli, pathogenic, unspecified
Verotoxigenic E. coli (VTEC)
Verotoxigenic E. coli (VTEC) VTEC O157
Verotoxigenic E. coli (VTEC) VTEC, unspecified
Meat from broilers (Gallusgallus)
fresh at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 2 0
meat products raw but intended to beeaten cooked
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 1 0
cooked, readytoeat at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 13 0
Meat from pig fresh at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 1 0
minced meat intended to be eatencooked
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 1 0
meat products cooked, readytoeat at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 55 0
raw but intended to beeaten cooked
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 10 0
Meat from bovine animals fresh at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 2 0
minced meat intended to be eatencooked
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 67
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 7 0
meat products raw but intended to beeaten cooked
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 13 0
cooked, readytoeat at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 15 0
Meat from sheep fresh at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 1 0
meat products cooked, readytoeat at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 2 0
Vegetables at retail Surveillance(Unspecified)
OFML single 25g 3 0
Fruits products at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 1 0
at retail Surveillance(unspecified)
OFML single 25g 1 0
Meat, mixed meat meat products cooked, readytoeat at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 1 0
Meat from other animalspecies or not specified
fresh at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 4 0
meat products raw but intended to beeaten cooked
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 13 0
cooked, readytoeat at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 28 0
minced meat intended to be eatencooked
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 20 0
Milk from other animal speciesor unspecified
raw at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 1 0
Cheeses made from cows' milk unspecified at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 2 0
Cheeses made from goats' milk
hard
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 68
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 1 0
Cheeses, made fromunspecified milk or otheranimal milk
unspecified at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 3 0
Dairy products (excludingcheeses)
dairy products, not specified at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 1 0
Fishery products, unspecified cooked at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 1 0
readytoeat at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 1 0
Other processed food productsand prepared dishes
unspecified at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 13 0
sandwiches at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 5 0
Bakery products cakes at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 2 0
Cereals and meals at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 4 0
Confectionery products andpastes
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 1 0
Sauce and dressings at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 8 0
Soups readytoeat at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 1 0
Footnote
The sample weight for samples analysed at OFMLs is usually 25g.The analytical method used to test samples for VTEC was ISO 16654:2001. This method was able to detect VTECserotype O157 only.
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 69
2.4.4. Escherichia coli, pathogenic in animals
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 70
2.5. TUBERCULOSIS, MYCOBACTERIAL DISEASES
2.5.1. General evaluation of the national situation
2.5.2. Tuberculosis, Mycobacterial Diseases in humans
A. Tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis in humans
Case definition
Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex) (EU)Clinical criteria• A clinician’s judgement that clinical and/ or radiological signs and/ or symptoms are compatiblewith tuberculosisand• A clinician’s decision to treat the patient with a full course of antituberculosis therapy.Laboratory criteria for diagnosisOne of the following:• Isolation of M. tuberculosis complex (except M. bovis BCG) from any clinical specimen by culture,• Evidence of acidfast bacilli (AFB) at microscopic examination of spontaneous or induced sputumCase classificationClassification according to laboratory criteria:Other than definite: A case that meets the clinical criteria above but does not meet the laboratorycriteria of a definite case.Definite: A case with isolation of M. tuberculosis complex (except M. bovis BCG) from any clinicalspecimen. In countries where culture is not routinely available, a case with sputum smearexaminations positive for AFB is also considered to be a definite case.Classification according to the site of disease:Pulmonary tuberculosisTuberculosis of the lung parenchyma or the tracheobronchial treeExtrapulmonary tuberculosisTuberculosis affecting any site other than pulmonary as defined aboveClassification according to previous antituberculosis treatment:Never treatedA case who never received a treatment for active tuberculosis in the past or who receivedantituberculosis drugs for less than one month.Previously treatedA case who was diagnosed with active tuberculosis in the past and received antituberculosis drugs(excluding preventive therapy) for at least one month.Case Definitions Version 1.0 Date: 01.01.2004 73
Notification system in place
Tuberculosis notifiable in Ireland since 1948
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 71
2.5.3. Mycobacterium in animals
Table Tuberculosis in other animals
Source of information
Sampling unit
Units tested
Total units positive for Mycobacterium
spp.
M. bovis
M. tuberculosis
Mycobacterium
spp., unspecified
Sheep Laboratory animal 4 0 0
Goats Diagnostic animal 4 1 1 0 0
Pigs Diagnostic animal 1 0 0 0 0
Badgers Diagnostic animal 49 28 26 2
Deer at game handlingestablishment Monitoring
Laboratory animal 46 15 15
wild fallow deer Monitoring samplingby industry convenientsampling
Diagnostic batch 25 4 4 0
Cats pet animals Clinical investigations suspect sampling
Daignostic animal 2 1 1 0 0
Dogs pet animals Clinical investigations suspect sampling
Diagnostic animal 1 0 0 0 0
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 72
Table Bovine tuberculosis in countries and regions that do not receive Com
munity cofin
ancing for
eradication programmes
Region
Total num
ber of
existin
g bovine
Officially free
herds
Infected herds
Routin
e tuberculin
testing
Num
ber of tuberculin
tests carried out
before the
introduction
Num
ber of animals
with
suspicious
lesions of tuberculosis
Num
ber of animals
detected positive in
bacteriological
exam
ination
Herds
Animals
Num
ber of
herds
%
Num
ber of
herds
%
Interval
between
routine
tuberculin
tests (*)
Num
ber of
animals
tested
into the herds (Annex
A(I)(2
)(c) third
indent (1) of
Directive 64/ 432/
EEC)
exam
ined and
subm
itted to
histopathological and
bacteriological
exam
inations
IREL
AND
122392
6260133
118288
96.647
3720
3.039
6260131
4680
3173
Total
122392
6260133
118288
96.647
3720
3.039
6260131
0 4680
3173
Footnote
Footnote 2: (b) tests o
nce a year
(*) L
egend:
In colum
n "Interval between routine tuberculin tests" use the following numeric codes: (0) no routine tests; (1) tests once a year; (2) tests each two years; (3) tests
each three years concerning 24 monthold animals; (4) tests each 4 years; (5) others (please give details).
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 73
2.6. BRUCELLOSIS
2.6.1. General evaluation of the national situation
2.6.2. Brucellosis in humans
A. Brucellosis in humans
Case definition
Brucellosis (Brucella sp.) (EU)Clinical descriptionClinical picture compatible with brucellosis i.e. acute or insidious onset of fever, night sweats, unduefatigue, anorexia, weight loss, headache, or arthralgia.Laboratory criteria for diagnosisOne of the following:• Demonstration of a specific antibody response (four fold or greater rise)*• Demonstration by immunofluorescence of Brucella sp. in a clinical specimen• Isolation of Brucella sp. from a clinical specimenFor probable caseA single high titreCase classificationPossible: N/ AProbable: A clinically compatible case with an epidemiological link,* or a case with an isolated hightitreConfirmed: A clinically compatible case that is laboratory confirmed
Notification system in place
Notifiable since 1948
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 74
2.6.3. Brucella in foodstuffs
2.6.4. Brucella in animals
Table Brucellosis in other animals
Source of information
Sampling unit
Units tested
Total units positive for Brucella sp
p.
B. m
elitensis
B. abortus
B. suis
Brucella sp
p., unspecified
Pigs Industry animal 4 0 0 0 0
Cattle (bovine animals) dairy cows and heifers Clinical investigations suspect sampling
Diagnostic animal 1970 0 0 0 0 0
Sheep animals over 1 year Clinical investigations suspect sampling
Diagnostic animal 24 0 0 0 0 0
Solipeds, domestic horses Clinical investigations suspect sampling
Diagnostic animal 13 0 0 0 0 0
Badgers wild Clinical investigations suspect sampling
Diagnostic animal 2 0 0 0 0 0
Foxes wild Clinical investigations Diagnostic animal 1 0 0 0 0 0
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 75
Table Bovine brucellosis data on herds Com
munity cofin
anced eradication programmes
Region
Total num
berTotal num
ber
of
Num
ber of
herds
Num
ber of
positive
Num
ber of
new
Num
ber of
herds
% positive
herds
Indicators
of herds
herds u
nder
the
programme
checked
herds
positive herds
depopulated
depopulated
% herd
coverage
% positive
herds period
herd prevalence
% new
positive
herds herd
incidence
IREL
AND
122392
122392
118925
132
132
3 2.273
97.167
0.111
0.111
Total
122392
122392
118925
132
132
3 2.273
97.167
0.111
0.111
Total 1
123322
123322
119963
144
144
27
18.75
97.276
0.12
0.12
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 76
Table Bovine brucellosis data on animals Com
munity cofin
anced eradication programmes
Region
Total num
ber
of animals
Num
ber of
animals to be
Num
ber of
animals
Num
ber of
animals
Num
ber of
positive
Slaughtering
Indicators
tested under
the programme
tested
tested
individually
animals
Num
ber of
animals w
ithpositive result
slaughtered or
culled
Total num
ber of
animals
slaughtered
% coverage at
animal level
% positive
animals animal
prevalence
IREL
AND
6260133
3500000
3500000
3500000
212
212
388
100
0.006
Total
6260133
3500000
3500000
3500000
212
212
388
100
0.006
Total 1
6407456
3516590
3516590
3516590
228
228
2347
100
0.006
Footnote
Note: M
ost of these 212 are false positive/ cross reactions
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 77
Table Bovine brucellosis data on status of herds at the end of the period C
ommunity cofin
anced
eradication programmes
Region
Status of herds and animals u
nder the programme
Total num
ber of
herds and
Unknown
Not free or not officially free
Free or officially
free su
spended
Free
Officially free
animals u
nder the
programme
Last check positive Last check negative
Herds
Animals
Herds
Animals
Herds
Animals
Herds
Animals
Herds
Animals
Herds
Animals
Herds
Animals
IREL
AND
122392
3500000
0 0
18
1900
7 750
0 0
0 0
122498
6257483
Total
122392
3500000
0 0
18
1900
7 750
0 0
0 0
122498
6257483
Total 1
123322
6407456
0 0
43
3302
6 520
0 0
0 0
123327
6403834
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 78
Ovine or Caprine Brucellosis in countries and regions that do not receive Com
munity cofin
ancing for
eradication programme
Region
Total num
ber of
existin
g ovine /
caprine
Officially free herds
Infected herds
Surveillance
Investigations of suspect cases
Herds
Animals
Num
ber of herds
%
Num
ber of herds
%
Num
ber of herds
tested
Num
ber of animals
tested
Num
ber of infected
herds
Num
ber of animals
tested with
serological
blood tests
Num
ber of animals
positive serologically
Num
ber of animals
exam
ined microbio
logically
Num
ber of animals
positive microbio
logically
Num
ber of su
spended
herds
IREL
AND
43000
4500000
43000
100
0 0
1400
25446
0 0
0 0
0 0
Total
43000
4500000
43000
100
0 0
1400
25446
0 0
0 0
0 0
Footnote
Ireland is recognised as O
fficially Free of B melitensis and carries o
ut an annual su
rvey to confirm this freedom
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 79
2.7. YERSINIOSIS
2.7.1. General evaluation of the national situation
2.7.2. Yersiniosis in humans
A. Yersinosis in humans
Case definition
Yersiniosis (Yersinia enterocolitica, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis) (EU) Clinical description An illness of variable severity characterised by diarrhoea, fever, nausea, cramps and tenesmus. Laboratory criteria for diagnosis Isolation of Y. enterocolitica or pseudotuberculosis from a clinical specimen Case classification Possible: N/ A Probable: A clinically compatible case with an epidemiological link Confirmed: A case that is laboratory confirmed
Notification system in place
Notifiable since 2004
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 80
2.7.3. Yersinia in foodstuffs
2.7.4. Yersinia in animals
Table Yersinia in animals
Source of information
Sampling unit
Units tested
Total units positive for Yersinia spp.
Y. enterocolitica
Yersinia spp., unspecified
Y. enterocolitica O:9
Y. enterocolitica O:3
Y. enterocolitica unspecified
Cattle (bovine animals) Diagnostic animal 7069 4 4 0 0 0 4
Sheep animal 1044 0 0 0 0 0 0
Goats animal 51 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pigs animal 310 0 0 0 0 0 0
Solipeds, domestic animal 1111 0 0 0 0 0 0
Poultry, unspecified animal 397 0 0 0 0 0
Dogs animal 535 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cats animal 30 0 0 0 0 0 0
Swans wild Clinical investigations animal 43 1 1 0 0 0 1
Deer wild fallow deer Clinical investigations animal 12 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rabbits wild Clinical investigations animal 30 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mice wild Clinical investigations animal 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Fish wild animal 3 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 81
2.8. TRICHINELLOSIS
2.8.1. General evaluation of the national situation
2.8.2. Trichinellosis in humans
2.8.3. Trichinella in animals
Table Trichinella in animals
Source of information
Sampling unit
Units tested
Total units positive for Trichinella sp
p.
T. spiralis
Trichinella sp
p., unspecified
Pigs fattening pigs raised under controlledhousing conditions inintegrated productionsystem
official samples single 3743 0
Solipeds, domestic horses official samples single 63 0
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 82
2.9. ECHINOCOCCOSIS
2.9.1. General evaluation of the national situation
2.9.2. Echinococcosis in humans
A. Echinococcus spp. in humans
Case definition
Echinococcosis (Echinococcus sp.) (EU)Clinical descriptionClinical picture compatible with echinococcosis, which may produce any of several clinicalsyndromes, varying with cyst size and location.Laboratory criteria for diagnosisOne of the following:• Histopathology• A combination of imaging techniques and serological tests (e.g. indirect haemagglutination,immunodiffusion, immunoblot assay)Case classificationPossible: N/ AProbable: N/ AConfirmed: A clinically compatible case that is laboratory confirmed
Notification system in place
Notifiable since 2004
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 83
2.9.3. Echinococcus in animals
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 84
2.10. TOXOPLASMOSIS
2.10.1. General evaluation of the national situation
2.10.2. Toxoplasmosis in humans
A. Toxoplasmosis in humans
Case definition
Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii) (EU) Clinical description A protozoan disease which presents with an acute illness with one or more of the following:lymphadenopathy, encephalitis, chorioretinitis, dysfunction of the central nervous system. Congenitalinfections may also occur with hydrocephalus, microcephalus, intracerebral calcification, convulsions,cerebral retardation. Laboratory criteria for diagnosis One of the following: • Demonstration of a specific toxoplasma antibody response • Demonstration of the agent in body tissues or fluids or isolation in animals or cell culture • Detection of toxoplasma nucleic acid Case classification Possible: N/ A Probable: N/ A Confirmed: A clinically compatible case that is laboratory confirmed Toxoplasmosis (congenital) Clinical description Congenital infection with T. gondii can result in a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations fromasymptomatic or subclinical infection, aseptic meningitis in infancy, to severe multisysteminvolvement with hydrocephalus or microcephaly, chorioretinitis, thrombocytopenic purpura andhepatosplenomegaly. Children with congenital infection, even those with subclinical disease, are also at risk of later reactivation ofchorioretinitis particularly toward the end of the first and into the second decade of life. Laboratory criteria for diagnosis One of the following: • Histologic diagnosis of tachyzoites in infant tissues or body fluids • Isolation of the parasite from an infant, usually from tissue obtained postmortem or on biopsy. (Thisrequires animal or tissue culture inoculation and is not readily available). • Detection of T. gondii by PCR testing of infant blood, CSF or tissue Serologic testing. The serologic diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis is confounded both by the passive transfer ofmaternal IgG antibody and the fact that tests for toxoplasma specific IgM antibody can be negative inup to 50% of congenitally infected infants. • Detection of toxoplasma specific IgM antibodies in cord blood or in the infant’s blood is evidence ofspecific antibody synthesis by the infected infant in utero. • Detection of toxoplasma specific IgA antibodies is also highly suggestive of infant infection. Infant levels of toxoplasma specific IgG will normally equal or exceed those of the mother (due to
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 85
active transfer of IgG by the placenta). However IgG levels that are fourfold those of the mother arehighly suggestive of infant infection and demonstration of rising IgG levels in sequential infant sera isconclusive evidence of congenital infection. Case classification Possible: Clinical symptoms compatible with congenital toxoplasmosis Probable: Clinical symptoms suggestive of congenital toxoplasmosis with evidence of recent maternal infection (Maternal toxoplasma IgM positive Confirmed: One of the following: • Detection of T. gondii by PCR testing in the infant • Presence of toxoplasma specific IgM • Rising toxoplasma specific IgG in sequential infant sera
Notification system in place
Notifiable since 2004
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 86
2.10.3. Toxoplasma in animals
Table Toxoplasma in animals
Source of information
Sampling unit
Units tested
Total units positive for Toxoplasm
a gondii
Cattle (bovine animals) Diagnostic animal 37 0
Sheep animal 371 66
Goats animal 11 0
Pigs animal 0 0
Solipeds, domestic animal 5 0
Dogs animal 5 0
Cats animal 1 0
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 87
2.11. RABIES
2.11.1. General evaluation of the national situation
2.11.2. Rabies in humans
A. Rabies in humans
Case definition
Rabies (Rabies virus) (EU)Clinical descriptionRabies is an acute encephalomyelitis that almost always progresses to coma or death within 10 daysafter the first symptom.Laboratory criteria for diagnosisOne of the following:• Detection by direct fluorescent antibody of viral antigens in a clinical specimen (preferably the brainor the nerves surrounding hair follicles in the nape of the neck)• Isolation (in cell culture or in a laboratory animal) of rabies virus from saliva, cerebrospinal fluid(CSF), or central nervous system tissue• Identification of a rabiesneutralising antibody titre (complete neutralisation) in the serum or CSF ofan unvaccinated person• Detection of rabies nucleic acid in clinical specimenCase classificationPossible: A clinically compatible case without laboratory confirmationProbable: N/ AConfirmed: A clinically compatible case that is laboratory confirmed
Notification system in place
Notifiable since 1976
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 88
2.11.3. Lyssavirus (rabies) in animals
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 89
2.12. QFEVER
2.12.1. General evaluation of the national situation
2.12.2. Coxiella (Qfever) in animals
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 90
3. INFORMATION ON SPECIFIC INDICATORS OF ANTIMICROBIALRESISTANCE
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 91
3.1. ESCHERICHIA COLI, NONPATHOGENIC
3.1.1. General evaluation of the national situation
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 92
3.1.2. Antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli, nonpathogenic isolates
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 93
Table Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of E. coli in animals
n = Number of resistant isolates
E. coliCattle (bovineanimals)
Pigs Gallus gallus (fowl) Turkeys Other animals Clinicalinvestigations
Isolates out of a monitoringprogramme
no no no no no
Number of isolatesavailable in the laboratory
3322 63 33 4 351
Antimicrobials: N n N n N n N n N nTetracyclines
Tetracyclin 3302 2621 63 58 33 27 4 3 350 199Amphenicols
Chloramphenicol 430 363 2 0 5 3Florfenicol 2798 1209 61 12 32 3 4 0 344 47
CephalosporinsCefalexin 536 208 13 7 16 7 3 1 92 34
FluoroquinolonesEnrofloxacin 2873 982 60 16 33 2 4 0 345 39
AminoglycosidesStreptomycin 107 81 11 10 16 8 3 2 87 50Neomycin 3106 2108 48 31 15 6 1 0 257 112Apramycin 2769 682 50 21 17 1 1 0 258 23Framycetin 3117 444 52 4 16 2 1 0 256 15
PenicillinsAmoxicillin / Clavulanicacid
3310 1111 63 17 29 8 4 1 350 72
Penicillin 540 512 13 13 16 15 3 3 92 85Cloxacillin 432 401 6 6
Trimethoprim + sulfonamidesTrimethoprim +Sulfonamide
2876 2014 61 52 33 17 4 3 345 137
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 94
4. INFORMATION ON SPECIFIC MICROBIOLOGICAL AGENTS
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 95
4.1. HISTAMINE
4.1.1. General evaluation of the national situation
4.1.2. Histamine in foodstuffs
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 96
4.2. ENTEROBACTER SAKAZAKII
4.2.1. General evaluation of the national situation
4.2.2. Enterobacter sakazakii in foodstuffs
Table Enterobacter sakazakii in food
Source of information
Sampling unit
Sample weight
Units tested
Total units positive for Enterobacter sakazakii
Infant formula
at retail Surveillance(unspecified)
OFML single 25g 139 0
Foodstuffs intended for specialnutritional uses
nonreadytoeat
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 13 0
readytoeat
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 580 0
Milk, goats'
at retail Surveillance(unspecified)
OFML single 25g 1 0
Bakery products
desserts
at retail Surveillance OFML single 25g 1 0
Dairy products (excludingcheeses)
milk powder and wheypowder
at processing plant Surveillance (Batch of 5)
DSL batch 10g 6 0
Footnote
The sample weight for samples analysed at OFMLs is usually 25g. The sample weight for samples analysed at DSL is10g.
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 97
4.3. STAPHYLOCOCCAL ENTEROTOXINS
4.3.1. General evaluation of the national situation
4.3.2. Staphylococcal enterotoxins in foodstuffs
Table Staphylococcal enterotoxins in food
Source of information
Sampling unit
Sample weight
Units tested
Total units positive for Staphylococcal enterotoxins
Cheeses, made fromunspecified milk or otheranimal milk
unspecified
at processing plant Surveillance
DSL single 25g 8 4
at processing plant Surveillance (Batch of 5)
DSL batch 25g 17 0
Footnote
The sample weight for samples analysed at OFMLs and DSL is usually 25g.
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 98
5. FOODBORNE OUTBREAKS
Foodborne outbreaks are incidences of two or more human cases of the same disease or infection where thecases are linked or are probably linked to the same food source. Situation, in which the observed human casesexceed the expected number of cases and where a same food source is suspected, is also indicative of afoodborne outbreak.
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 99
Table Foodborne outbreaks in hum
ans
Causative agent
General
outbreak
Household
outbreak
Total Num
ber of
persons
Food im
plicated
Type of
evidence for
implication
of the food
Place where
food was
consum
ed
Contributing
factors
ill (in total)
died
in hospital
Food (sub)category
Suspected as a source
Confirmed as a source
1 2
3 4
5 6
7 8
9 10
Cam
pylobacter
x2
01
not specified
Private
household
Cam
pylobacter
x3
02
not specified
Private
household
Cam
pylobacter C. jejuni
x2
00
not specified
Private
household
Cam
pylobacter Cam
pylobacter sp
p., unspecified
x2
00
not specified
Private
household
Cryptosporidium
x28
00
not specified
Tour group
Escherichia coli, pathogenic V
erotoxigenic E. coli
(VTE
C)
x1
00
not specified
Private
household
Escherichia coli, pathogenic V
erotoxigenic E. coli
(VTE
C)
x1
01
not specified
Private
household
Escherichia coli, pathogenic V
erotoxigenic E. coli
(VTE
C)
x2
02
not specified
Private
household
Escherichia coli, pathogenic V
erotoxigenic E. coli
(VTE
C)
x4
01
not specified
Private
household
Food borne viruses calicivirus (including norovirus)
x9
00
not specified
Group on
training course
Food borne viruses calicivirus (including norovirus)
x18
00
not specified
Residential
institution
Food borne viruses calicivirus (including norovirus)
x60
00
Unknown
Hotel
Salmonella
x2
00
not specified
Private
household
Salmonella
x2
00
not specified
Private
household
Salmonella
x2
01
not specified
Abroad
Salmonella
x5
00
not specified
Abroad
Salmonella
x2
00
not specified
Abroad
Salmonella S. Enteritidis
x4
00
not specified
Abroad
Salmonella S. Enteritidis
x3
01
Chicken curry
xCircum
stantial
Abroad
Salmonella S. Typhimurium
x2
00
not specified
Abroad
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 100
Salmonella S. group D
x3
01
not specified
Abroad
Unknown
x4
00
not specified
Hotel
Unknown
x4
00
not specified
Hotel
Unknown
x5
00
not specified
Private
household
Unknown
x6
00
not specified
Hotel
Unknown
x12
00
not specified
Creche
Unknown
x20
00
not specified
Restaurant
Ireland 2006 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses
Ireland 2006 101