Ireneusz EwiakInstitute of Geodesy

Departament of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetrye-mail: ireneusz.ewiak@wat.edu.pl

MILITARY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geodesy 

THE MEASURING QUALITIES OF ARCHIVAL AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS AS A FUNCTION OF TIME

INTRODUCTION (1)

Polish land and buildings registration in the 50s of the 20th century• Measurement technology

• Accuracy of measurement

• Economic and technical conditioning

INTRODUCTION (2)

Land and buildings registration in Poland to current standards for measuring coordinates of boundary points of parcels.• Results of the statistical surveys in Poland

• Availability of archival (historical) photographs

• Significance of digital photogrammetry in the redefining process of the

position of boundaries points of parcels with required accuracy

MOTIVATION

Restore the original state of the registration of land and buildings using archival aerial photos.• Status of minor control used for measuring register points

• Problem of aging of the aerial photos

• Indicators of degree of aging of the aerial photos

1982

1997

2013

PURPOSE OF THE RESEARCH

The expected answer to the two questions• For which time resolution of the block of aerial photos may be

developed in accordance with the applicable standard?

• Is the aerial images on the basis of which in the 1950s of the last

century was assumed the land and buildings registration to meet this

requirements?

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY (1)

1954 1972 1990 2001 2015

FACTOR OF AGING OF AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH

n

pnz l

llw

where:wz – factor of aging of aerial photographln – nominal number of control points in the blocklp – number of control points measured in the block

AERIAL TRIANGULATION REQUIREMENTS

The requirements for the tie points• The minimum number of tie points

in Gruber position

• Measurement of the additional tie

points if the image coordinates

measured with standard deviation

more than 5 micrometres

• The number of tie points

measured in at last 4 photos

AERIAL TRIANGULATION REQUIREMENTS

The requirements for the control points• In case when were measured the

perspective centres and angles

for all photos in a block

• In case when some aerial photos

in the block haven't the

measurement of perspective

center

• In case when all aerial photos in

the block haven't the

measurement of perspective

center

ACCURACY CRITERION OF AERIAL TRIANGULATION

Photo scale

Ground Sampling

Distance [m]Type of camera

Standard Deviation of ground coordinates of tie points [m]

mX mY mZ

≥ 1:6 000 ≤ 0.10

Normal angle 0.05 0.05 0.16

Half-normal angle 0.05 0.05 0.08

Wide-angle 0.05 0.05 0.08

≥ 1:14 000 ≤ 0.25

Normal angle      

Half-normal angle 0.12 0.12 0.20

Wide-angle 0.12 0.12 0.20

≥ 1:26 000 ≤ 0.50

Normal angle      

Half-normal angle 0.25 0.25 0.40

Wide angle 0.25 0.25 0.40

BLOCKS OF ARCHIVAL AERIAL PHOTOS

No. Date of acquisition of aerial photos

Number of photos (number of

strips/number of photos in strip)

Scale / GSD [m] Type of camera

1 MAY/1951 170 (10/17) 1:15000 Analogue

2 MAY/1972 160 (10/16) 1:16000 Analogue

3 MAY/1982 60 (6/10) 1:20000 Analogue

4 AUGUST/1987 54 (6/9) 1:20000 Analogue

5 AUGUST/1994 63 (7/9) 1:20000 Analogue

6 MAY/2000 960 (24/40) 1:5000 Analogue

7 MAY/2004 198 (11/18) 1:11000 Analogue

8 JUNE/2007 748 (17/44) 0.15 Digital

9 APRIL/2009 946 (22/43) 0.10 Digital

10 JUNE/2013 1232 (22/56) 0.05 Digital

AERIAL TRIANGULATIONS RESULTS

No. Date of acquisition of aerial photos

Number of control points

nominal /designing

Indicator of aging of aerial photo

Standard Deviation of

ground coordinates of tie

points [m]

MXY MZ

1 MAY/1951 25/5 0.80 1.53 2.32

2 MAY/1972 25/7 0.72 0.54 0.63

3 MAY/1982 12/5 0.58 0.42 0.51

4 AUGUST/1987 12/5 0.58 0.33 0.42

5 AUGUST/1994 12/6 0.50 0.29 0.38

6 MAY/2000 132/84 0.36 0.05 0.14

7 MAY/2004 25/18 0.28 0.11 0.17

8 JUNE/2007 44/36 0.18 0.09 0.11

9 APRIL/2009 16/15 0.06 0.04 0.07

10 JUNE/2013 20/20 0.00 0.02 0.03

6 1828

36

50

5858

72

80

Indicator values of aging photo

2013

2009

2007

2004

2000

1994

1987

1982

1972

1951

PERCENTAGE INDEX OF AGING OF AERIAL PHOTO

ACCURACY OF AERIAL TRIANGULATION VS VALUES OF INDEX OF AGING PHOTOS

0.40.9

0.6

0.9

1.7

1.1

1.21.4

1.8

5.9

Times of limit value of standard deviation of tie point ground coordinates

2013 (0%)

2009 (6%)

2007 (18%)

2004 (28%)

2000 (36%)

1994 (50%)

1987 (58%)

1982 (58%)

1972 (72%)

1951 (80%)

CONCLUSIONS

For aerial photographs showing the situation of the terrain prior to no more than 11 years is possible to develop of aerial triangulation with required criteria.

It is likely that the development of such can be done also for aerial photographs showing the situation of the terrain prior to no more than 43 years.

The aerial photographs for which the aging factor is less than 36% can be developed with use digital photogrammetric methods due to the current standards of accuracy.

Aerial photographs acquired in 1953, on the basis of which has been developed in Poland the registration of land and buildings do not guarantee the possibility it updating with the required current accuracy.

ADITIONAL INFORMATION

The present research was conducted as part of the research project no. PBS3/B9/39/2015, co-financed by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education under the Applicable Research Programmes of the National Centre for Research and Development

Thank you for your attention