Irish Immigration

into England

Liverpool ……………………………….. 22.3% Irish born

Dundee ……………………………........ 18.9 % Irish born

Glasgow .............................................. 18.2 % Irish born

Manchester and Salford ...................... 13.1 % Irish born

Paisley ………………………………….. 12.7 % Irish born

Bradford ……………………………........ 8.9 % Irish born

London …………................................... 4.6 % Irish born

1851 Census

The Immigration Routes

1. Southern Route from South Leinster was London via Bristol, and from Munster to London via Cork, Waterford and Dublin.

2. The Midland Route from Connaught, went to the Midlands of England, and most of Leinster via Dublin to the Midland of England.

3. The Northern Route from Ulster and North Connaught usually ended up in Scotland

DUNMORE

DROGHEDA

CORK

SLIGO

DUNDALK

WEXFORD WATERFORD

DUBLIN

HOWTH

KINGTOWN

WARRENPOINTNEWRY

LONDONDERRY LARNE

BELFAST

PORTRUSH

DONAGHADEE

Services Across the Irish Sea in 1846

Glasgow 1

Fleetwood 1Liverpool 2Ardrossan 2Glasgow 2

Liverpool 3Glasgow ½

Portpatrick 7

Liverpool 1Bristol 2

Liverpool 1

Bristol2Liverpool2London1Glasgow1Greenock1

Bristol 2Liverpool 7Douglas & Whitehaven 1London, Plymouth etc. 2

Liverpool 5 - 7

Liverpool 3

Liverpool 1Glasgow 2Ardrossan 2

Ardrossan 7Fleetwood 4Glasgow 7Greenock 3Liverpool 3London 1Stranraer 1Whitehaven 1Carlisle ½

Liverpool

14Holyhead

7

Liverpool 1

N

Numbers indicate sailings per week

The main documents are:-

1. Indemnity Certificates of Settlement given to the pauper by his own parish.

2. The Examination of the paupers by the Churchwardens etc. This will list his or her family, children, recent moves, employment, addresses, marital status and where they came from. Very useful documents.

3. Removal orders – issued after the Examination.

4. The Quarter Sessions Records of Appeal.

5. Vestry Minutes and Accounts of the Overseers and the Parish Constable.

The Poor Law Returns Dating From 1662

Surrey Record - William Ash

Cardiff - 1856

Outdoor Relief Indoor Relief

John O'Neill (1778-1858)

Through sixty winters I avow.

Their snows, as yet, ne’ver blanched my brow.

And through with numerous ills beset

I never was unhappy yet:

In sickness, poverty, and pain

I did my peace of mind maintain.

Mid cankering care and worldly strife

Hope lit me through the voyage of life -

And with God’s blessing, I’ll hold fast.

My soul’s sheet anchor to the last.

John O'Neill (aged 64)Irish Poet, Writer and Shoemaker

MAP OF ST GILESST GILES “THE HOLY LAND”

An Irish Rookery

An Irish Rookery in Camden, Central London, circa 1850 – 1860(note the Irish names on the shops)

Charitable and Benevolent Societies

1. Charitable and Benevolent Societies

2. Friendly and Benefit Societies

3. Accident and Burial Societies

4. Radical and Political Societies (such as The Chartists)

5. Trade Unions

Thomas Murphy

Thomas Murphy

Irish coal merchant and St Pancras vestryman.

Dedicated himself to the ratepayers of St. Pancras in the cause of

Parochial Reform.

The Albert Memorial

The Albert Memorial in Hyde Park, London, by John Henry Foley & Thomas Brock

John Henry Foley

John Henry Foley1818 – 1874

Irish Sculptor

Responsible for Prince Albert on the

Albert Memorial and for Asia

The Memorial Statue of Albert

The Albert Memorial “Asia” Model

Foley is said to have died of a chill caught by sitting too long on the wet clay of Asia’s lap while modelling her breasts