I.RiversYangzi / Yangtze RiverYellow River (Huanghe)III. RoutesThe Silk RoadThe route along which Mahayana Buddhism entered Chinathe Grand Canal before 1250IV. Other Features Gobi DesertThe North China PlainTibetan PlateauSichuan BasinKorean PeninsulaXiongnu territoryII.CitiesLuoyang / LoyangJiankang (modern Nanjing / Nanking)Changan (modern Xian)Kaifeng/Kai-feng

The transformation of society750 and 1050 compared

Tang 618-907The An Lushan rebellion 755-757Five Dynasties (in the north) 907-960Ten Kingdoms (in the south) 907-980Liao (the Khitans) 915-1125Song 960-1279

12 hours per day beginning in the Warring States period10 day weeks 12 months of 30 days. Beginning in Eastern Han named by number, 1st moon, 2nd moon, etc.four seasons (defined by the solstices and equinoxes)year (beginning and ending at the winter solstice)12 animals (rat, ox, etc.) already by the Qin dynasty60 year cycles (10 heavenly stems and 12 earthly branches) beginning in the Western Han (a1, b2 a11, b12, c 1 i11, j12)

counting years: from the first year of a rulers accession (Shang, Zhou, early Han)by the reign period within the reign of a ruler (beginning in 110 BC)Telling Time

exampleWhen was January 1, 755 in Tang terms?In Chinese it was 13()1114

Which translates as: Great Tang the emperor (posthumously known as) Xuan-zong (Mysterious-Ancestor) his reign period named Tianbao (Heavenly Treasure)the 13th year (the jiawu year )intercalary 11th month14th day

Song and surrounding states, ca. 1100Liao

Transport networks, Tang and Song comparedTangSong

Huai River as the dividing line between north and south

Scroll of Kaifeng in the 11th century: Website: tutorials, slide shows, and scrollsView the scroll Qingming shanghe tu (Going up the River during the Qingming Festival)