irrigation agricultural use of water. amount of water used in western us states, 70 to 95% of the...
Post on 19-Dec-2015
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IRRIGATION
Agricultural Use of Water
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Amount of Water Used
• In western US states, 70 to 95% of the fresh water supply is dedicated to irrigation
• Globally an average of 70% of our fresh water use goes to irrigate agricultural crops
• This amount is expected to rise by 14% in the next three decades
• Consumptive water use (or irrigation efficiency) ranges from 30% to 90% depending upon the irrigation technology
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Sources of Water for Agriculture
Direct (incident) rainfall Groundwater
- Shallow aquifers
- Deep aquifers Surface Water
– Redirecting runoff – Stream diversions– Storage in lakes and reservoirs
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Ways to Apply Irrigation Water
Flood irrigation Furrow irrigation Sprinkler irrigation Drip irrigation
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Irrigation Infrastructure
Historic/Traditional - Conveyance technologies: ditches, conduits
- Gravity flow, humans & animals as a source of energy- Storage technologies: ponds, lakes- Application technologies: hand, syphon, flood
Contemporary- Conveyance technologies- Pumping technologies- Storage technologies- Application technologies
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Challenges Facing Irrigated Agriculture
Water quality concerns Groundwater mining and subsidence Water rights and policy issues Cost of developing water supplies Crop types and water supply changes Competition with other types of water use Changing technologies and traditional
communities