irrigation eng11

7/28/2019 Irrigation Eng11

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IRRIGATION ENGINEERING

Prof . Sandip Ajmire

M. Tech.


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UNIT - I

AS PER RTMNU NAGPUR


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POINTS TO BE COVERED

1.1 DEFINATION

1.2 NECESSITY

1.3 SCOPE OF IRRIGATION SCIENCE 1.4 BENEFITS OF IRRIGATION

1.5 ILL-EFFECTS OF IRRIGATION

1.6 TYPES OF IRRIGATION


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1.1 DEFINATION

Irrigation may be defined as theprocess of artificially supplying waterto soil for raising crops.


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1.2 NECESSITY

LESS RAINFALL

NON UNIFORM RAIN FALL

COMMERTIAL CROPS WITHADDITINOL WATER

CONTROLLED WATER SUPPLY


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1.2 NECESSITY

LESS RAINFALL

When the total rainfall is less thanthe needed for the crop, artificialsupply is necessary.

Water is convey from more wateravailable area to low intensity.

Indira Gandhi canal in Rajasthan.


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1.2 NECESSITY

NON UNIFORM RAIN FALL

The rainfall in a particular area maynot be uniform over the crop period .

During the early periods of the crops,rain may be there, but no water isavailable at the end, at the end ofseason.


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1.2 NECESSITY

COMMERTIAL CROPS WITHADDITINOL WATER

The rain fall may be sufficient fortraditional crop.

But crops like sugarcane need morewater for growth than traditionalcrop.


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1.3 SCOPE OF IRRIGATIONSCIENCE

ENGINEERING ASPECT

AGRICULTURAL ASPECT


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ENGINEERING ASPECT

Storage, Diversion, or lifting of water

Conveyance of water to theAgricultural fields

Application of water to agricultural

fields Drainage & relieving water logging

Developing of water power.

1 3 SCOPE OF IRRIGATION


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AGRICULTURAL ASPECT

Proper depth of water necessary insingle application of water for variouscrops.

Distribution of water uniform &periodically.

Capacities of difrent soil for irrigationwater flow of water in soil .


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1.4 BENEFITS OFIRRIGATION

Increase in food production

Protection from famine

Cultivation of cash crops

Addition to the wealth of country

Increase in prosperity of people

Genration of Hydro-Electric power

Domastic & Industrial power supply

Inland Navigation


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1.4 BENEFITS OFIRRIGATION

Improvement of comunication

Canal Plantations

Improvement in the Ground waterstorage

Aid in civilisation

General Devlopment of the country.

1 5 ILL EFFECTS OF


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1.5 ILL-EFFECTS OFIRRIGATION

Breeding places of mosquitoes

Water Logging

Damp clymate


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Types of Irrigation

DirectIRRIGATION

StorageIRRIGATION

CombinedIrrigation

LiftIrrigation


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Perinal Irrigation

Water stored in Dams, Barrages,wires for supplying water throughoutseason


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Induction irrigation

Induction Irrigation is carried out byDeep Flooding and Throughsaturation of land to be cultivated

which is the drained off prior to theplanting of crop.

Depending upon the source from

which water is drawn , flow irrigationis sub-divided

DirectIRRIGATION

StorageIRRIGATION

CombinedIrrigation


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Sprinkler Irrigation

Method consist on artificial rain tocrop or garden .

Method is more useful where

1.Land can not be prepared for surfacemethod

2.Slopes are excessive3.Topography is irreguler

4.Soil is erosive

5.Depth of soil is shallow over gravel


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Sprinkler Irrigation

Types

1.Permanent system

2.Semi- Permanent system3.Portable system


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Advantages of sprinklingsystem

1. Erosion can be controlled

2. Uniform application for water ispossible

3. Irrigation is better controlled

4. Land preparation is not necessary

5. less water is used6. Time and amount of fertilizer can

controlled

7. Crop damaged from frost can be


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Limitation sprinkling system

1. Wind may be distort sprinklingpattern

2. A constant water supply is neededfor commercial use of equipment.

3. Water must be free from sand.

4. The power required is high.5. Heavy soil with poor intake cannot

be irrigated


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Efficiency

80% of efficiency is possible.


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Drip irrigation

In drip irrigation, also known astrickle irrigation water is applied inthe form of drops directly near the

base of the plant.

Solution of fertilizer can introduce .


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Arrangement of dripirrigation

1. A pump to lift water

2. A head tank to maintain pressure .

3. Central distribution system for equalpressure distribution

4. Mains and secondary lines

polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride oralkathayline material.

5. Trickle lines consisting of 10 to 20mm dia of PVC.


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Advantages of drip irrigation

1. Less requirement of irrigation water.

2. Water at optimum level.

3. Water logging avoided.4. High yield

5. Cultivation of cash crops.

6. No over irrigation7. Variation in application rate.

8. Weed control

9. Increase net irrigable area


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Advantages of drip irrigationcontd.

10.Nutrient preservation

11.Effective pest control

12.Reduce labor cost13.No soil erosion

14.Suitability of saline water

15.Maintence of high surfacetemperature

16.Suitable for any topography


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Disadvantages of dripirrigation contd.

1. High initial cost.

2. Danger of blocked of nozzels

3. Change in spacing of nozzeles.4. Shallow root zone depth.

irrigation eng11

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