Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information

Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority, and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.

इंटरनेट मानक

“!ान $ एक न' भारत का +नम-ण”Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda

“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

“प0रा1 को छोड न' 5 तरफ”Jawaharlal Nehru

“Step Out From the Old to the New”

“जान1 का अ+धकार, जी1 का अ+धकार”Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan

“The Right to Information, The Right to Live”

“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता है”Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam

“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”

“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

है”ह”ह

IS 10870 (1984): Code of Safety for Hexane [CHD 8:Occupational Safety, Health and Chemical Hazards]

1s : 10870 - 1984

Indian Standard CODE OF SAFETY FOR HEXANE

Chemical Hazards Sectional Committee, CDC 18 Chairman Representing

SHRI s. c. K.4LE Directorate General, Factory Advice Services & Labour Institute ( Ministry of Labour ), Bombay

Members

DR V. P. GUPTA ( Alternate to Shri S. C. Kale )

SRRI K. D. AMRE National Organic Chemical Industries Ltd, Bombay SHIU M. C. PATWARDHAN ( Alternate )

SHRI c. N. CHANDR.4SBKHARN Directorate General Ordnance Factories ( Ministry of Defence ), Calcutta

SHRI CHARANJIT LAL SHRI B. R. DAVE ( Alternate )

Controller of Explosives, Nagpur

DR D. CZIOUDKARI Indian Chemical Manufacturers’ Association, Calcutta SHRI D. K. SIRKAR ( Alternate )

SHRI A. M. DAND Indian Petrochemicals Corporation Ltd, Vadodara SRRI D. L. VYAS ( Alternate )

DEPUTY DIRECTOR ( CHEM ), Railway Board ( Ministry of Railways ) RDSO, LUCKNOW

DR S. S. GOTHOSKAR Directorate General of Health Services, New Delhi SHRI R. BALASUBRAMANYAN ( Alternate )

SHRI K. C. GUPTA National Safety Council, Bombay SHRI N. RAQHAVAN ( Alternate )

SHRI C. HINGARH Century Rayon. Kalvan SHIU J. J. ADHIA ( Alternate )

DR V. R. B. MATHUR Directorate General of Technical Development, New Delhi

SHRI P. 0. NANaIA Hindustan Organic Chemicals Ltd, Rasayani SHRI A. G. SHESRAN ( Alternate )

DR K. NARAYANAN RAO Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay DR D. J. PARIKH National Institute of Occupational Health,

Ahmadabad DR S. B. RAY Ministry of Defence ( DGI ), Pune SHRI T. N. REWAL Ministrv of Defence C DGI ). Kanour

SHRI P. DUTTA ( Alternate ) SHRI N. K. SAMANTA

SHRI A. SINHA ( Alternate ) DR P. N. VISWANATRAN

Industrial Explosives Ltd, Calcutta

Indian Toxicology Research Centre ( CSIR ), Lucknow

DR B. N. GUPTA ( Alternate ) SHRI S. K. MATHUR, Director General, IS1 ( Ex-oficio Member )

Director C Chem j Secretary

SHRI K. K. TR~PATHI Senior Deputy Director ( Chem ), ISI

( Continued on page 2 :

@ Copyright 19R4

INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTION

This publication is protected under the Indian Copyright Act ( XIV of 1957 ) and reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.

F

IS:10870 - 1984

( Continued from page 1 )

Industrial Chemical Hazards Subcommittee, CDC 18 : 4

Convrner

SHRI S. C. KALE

Members

DR V. P. GWTA ( Alternate to Shri S. C. Kale )

SHRI G. R. BALASUBRAMANIAN SHRI CHARANJIT LAL

SRRI B. R. DAVE ( Altc~natc ) DR S. R. CHAUDHURY

DR D. CHOUDHURI .- I

Representing

Directorate General, Factory Advice Services &. Labour Institute ( Ministry of Labour ), Bombay

Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay Controller of Explosives, Nagpur

All India Institute of Hygiene & Public Health, Calcutta

DEPUTY DIRECTOR (THEM), RDSO. LUCKNOW

SERI V. N. GODBOLE

Union Carbide of India Ltd. Calcutta Railway Board ( Ministry of Railways )

Albright Morarji and Pandit Ltd, Ambernath SHRI K. R. PRABRU ( Alternate 1

SHRI K. C. GUPTA National Safety Council, Bombay SHRI N. RA~HAVAN ( Alternate )

SHRI P. V. KANQO Indian Chemical Manufacturers’ Association, Calcutta

DR R. V. SUBRAMANIAM ( Alternate ) Dr C. R. KRISHNAMURTI Industrial Toxicology Research Centre ( CSIR ),

Lucknow DR P. N. VISWANATHAN ( Alternate )

DR S. L. MEHTA Century Rayon, Kalyan SHRI R. K. SHUKLA ( Alfernatc )

DR 0. P. MITTAL Ciba-Geigy of India Ltd, Bombay DR C. S. NAIR The Fertilizer and Chemicals Travancore Ltd,

Udyogmandal DR D. J. PARIKH National Institute of Occupational Health,

Ahmadabad SBRI J. D. PARIKH The Atul Products Ltd, Atul

SRRI M. V. DESAI ( Alternate ) SHRI A. N. RAO Directorate General of Technical Development,

New Delhi SHRI V. V. M. RAO Hindustan Petroleum Corporation, Bombay

SHKI D. V. A. RAJU ( Alternate ) SRI~I DEEPAK R. SHAH Excel Industries Ltd, Bombay

SHI~I S. S. KAIMAL ( Alternate) SHRI K. K. SUBRAMANIAN National Organic Chemical Industries Ltd, Bombay

SHRI M. C. PATWARDHAN ( Alternate ) SHRIS.A.~RIvEDI Navin Flourine Industries, Bombay

Snar J. N. PAREKH ( Alternate ) SERI H. K. VIZNRATARAMIAH Hindustan Organic Chemicals Ltd, Rasayani

SHRI A. G. SHESHAN ( Alternate )

2

,

IS:10870- 1984

Indian Standard CODE OF SAFETY FOR HEXANE

0. FOREWORD

0.1 This Indian Standard was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 30 April 1984, after the draft finalized by the Chemicals Hazards Sectional Committee had been approved by the Chemical Division Council.

0.2 Hexane is a hydrocarbon solvent generally manufactured in petroleum refineries. It is used as solvent for extraction of edible oils and oleaginous material. It is also used as solvent for extraction of oils from oily water emulsions where the quantity of oil is small. It can also be used as a fluid in low temperature thermometers.

0.3 Hexane is dangerous when exposed to heat or flame as it is highly inflammable and forms an explosive mixture with air. It can lead to slight toxicity on inhalation of vapour.

0.4 For the purpose of this standard the definitions given in IS : 3470- 1966* and IS : 4155-1966t shall apply. Some information on dangerous goods has been taken from IS : 1260 ( Part 1 )-1973$.

0.5 Storage and transport of hexane are covered under ,the Petroleum Act, 1934 and the Petroleum Rules, 1976 and its Amendments. The authority enforcing these Acts is the Chief Controller of Explosives, Nagpur.

0.6 In the preparation of this code, assistance has been derived from the following publications:

a) Accidents prevention manual for industrial operations. 1964. Ed 5. National Safety Council ( U.S. ).

b) ASTHOR & ROSE ( ELIZABETH ). Condensed Chemical Dictionary. Ed 5. Reinhold Publishing Corp, New York.

*Hexane, food grade. jGIossary of terms relating to chemical and radiation hazards and hazardous

chemicals. *Pictorial markings for handling and labelling of goods: Part 1 Dangerous goods

( J%S~ w&ion ).

__

IS : 10870 - 1984

BS CP 1003 ( Part 1 )-1964 Electrical apparatus and associated equipment for use in explosive atmospheres of gas or vapour other than mining applications: Part 1 Choice, installation and maintenance of flameproof and intrinsically-safe equipment. British Standards Institution. NEPA ( Refer PERRY. Chemical Engineering Handbook. Ed. 3 ). SAX ( N. IRVING ) Dangerous properties of industrial materials Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York.

f) MAXWELL (J.B. j Data book on Hydrocarbons.

1. SCOPE

1.1 This standard describes the properties of normal hexane derived as petroleum fraction in the boiling range of 63-7O”C, nature of hazards associated with it, symptoms of toxicity, first aid, safety measures for controlling hazards in storage, handling and personal safety, and essential information on packing and labelling.

1.2 This code does not deal with specifications for design of building, process equipment and methods of manufacture. This code covers a light petroleum fraction boiling between 63°C to 70°C and not 100 percent pure hexane although the properties are very close to pure hexane.

2. TERMINOLOGY

2.1 For th,e purpose of this standard the definitions given in IS : 3470- 1966* and IS : 4155-1966t shall apply.

3. GENERAL INFORMATION AND PROPERTIES, ETC

3.1 General Information - Hexane is a colourless, volatile liquid having faint and peculiar odour. It is highly inflammable.

3.1.1 Common flames - Hexane, normal hexane, food grade hexane.

3.1.2 Chemical Names - n-hexane.

3.1.3 Empirical Formula - C&H,.

3.1.4 Molecular Formula - C,H,*.

3.1.5 Molecular Weight - 86.17.

*Hexane, food grade. $Glossary of terms relating to chemical and radiation hazards and hazardous

chemicals.

4

IS : 10870 - 1984

3.2 Physical Properties

3.2.1 Description, Colour, Odour, and Physical State - As given in 3.1.

3.2.2 Freezing Pomt - Minus 95.6%.

3.2.3 Boiling Point - Boils in the range of 63-70°C. 90 percent a/v should boil off between 63-68°C.

3.2.4 Specrjic Gravity 15jlST - O-664 5.

3.2.5 Refractive Index ( 20/D ) - 1.374 86.

3.2.6 Kinematic Viscosity at 50°C - 0.5 Centistokes.

3.2.7 Vapour Pressure at 15°C - 0.038 atmosphere.

3.2.8 Heat of Freezing ( or Fusion ) - 36.1 Cal/g.

3.2.9 Heat of Vaporisation at 25°C - 87.5 Cal/g.

3.2.10 Evaporation Rate - Not available.

3.2.11 MiscibilityjSolubility in Common Solvents - Soluble in alcoho1, chloroform, acetone and ether. Non-miscible with water.

3.2.12 Vapour Density - 2.97.

3.3 Chemical Properties

3.3.1 A@ity for Other Chemicals - Reacts vigorouqly with oxidising agents.

3.3.2 Important Common Reactions - Not available.

3.3.3 Stability at High Temperature - Highly volatile, evaporates at ambient temperature.

3.3.4 Whether Flammable, Non-jlammable or Supporter of Combustion - Highly inflammable. Forms explosive mixture with air.

3.4 Fire and Explosive Properties

3.4.1 Flash Point, Closed Cup - Minus 26’1°C.

NOTE - Flash point is determined by different methods and, therefore, slight variations in the value mentioned may be expected.

3.4.2 Ignition Temperature - Hexane has an auto ignition temperature of 260°C.

3.4.3 Explosi;le Limits Lower/Upper - (a) Lower limit: 1.1 percent in air by ~01; (b) upper limit: 7.5 percent in air by vol.

3.4.4 Spontaneous Heating or Combustion -Not spontaneously flammable.

5

IS : 10870 - 1984

3.4.5 Shock Sensitivity - Not applicable.

3.5 Corrosion Properties

3.5.1 Conditions when Corrosive - None.

3.5.2 Materials to which Corrosive - None.

4. HEALTH EFFECTS AND TOXICITY INFORMATION

4.1 General Effects - May cause contact dermatitis and allergic dermatitis in persons who are sensitive ( allergic ) to hexane or any other petroleum derivatives. Narcosis is the most important effect of exposure. Hexane can lead to slight toxicity on inhalation of vapour or on ingestion of liquid. Can cause irritation to eyes and irritation of mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract.

4.1.1 Threshold Limit Value or Permissible Limit of Exposure, Ceiling Value, Short Term Permissible Extrusion

a) n-hexane - 50 ppm ( 176 mg/m3 ), and

b) other isomer - 500 ppm ( 1 776/m3 ).

4.1.2 Concentration Causing

a) eye irritation b) respiratory irritation

I_ f

More than 500 mg/m3

c) skin irritation None

4.1.3 Odour Threshold Concentration - Not applicable.

4.1.4 Concentration Immediately Dangerous to Life - 5 000 ppm ( 17 600 mg/m2 ).

4.1.5 Exposure Concentration Duration and Health Effects

a) No effect level - 2 000 ppm ( 7 040 mg/m3 ).

b) Dizziness experience - 5 000 ppm ( 17 600 mg/m3 ).

4.2 Routes of Entry

al Respiratory - Yes.

b) Skin - Not applicable.

4.3 Health Effects - Inhalation of vapour causes headache, nausea, vomitting, cough and dyspnoea; causes irritation to eyes, dermatitis and irritation of mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract.

6

6- -\ \

IS:10870- 1984

4.3.1 Systemic E$ects - Can cause irritation to mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract. Asphyxia may be produced by high concentra- tions. Acute exposure may cause narcosis, resulting in nausea, headache and dizziness. Peripheral neuorpathy has been reported from exposure to n-hexane; chronic exposure to hexane at air borne concentrations of 1 860 mg/m3 and above has been associated with development of polyneuropathy.

5. STORAGE, HANDLING AND TRANSPORT

5.1 Storage - Care should be taken in storage of containers, their hand- ling and emptying of contents. The containers should be stored in a well ventilated, cool and dry place protected from sun and heat.

5.1.1 Usual Modes of Storage in Bulk or Small Quantities - May be packed in bottles, drums or cans depending upon requirements and grades. Bulk quantities are stored in specially constructed steel tanks.

5.1.2 Ventilation in Storage Areas - Containers should be placed in a well ventilated place.

5.1.3 Flooring in Storage Areas - Not applicable.

5.1.4 Electrical Fittings in Storage Areas - Use of intrinsically safe or flameproof equipment is recommended in the storage areas. Electrica lines and cables should be concealed.

5.1.5 Fire Prevention Measures in Storage Areas - Relevant guidelines are laid down in Petroleum Rules, 1976.

5.2 Handling and Transfer

5.2.1 Handling and Transfer of Chemical from Storage/Container - Before moving, it should be ensured that containers are properly closed and sealed. No special protective safety equipments are required to handle this product.

5.2.2 Problems Encountered - Pressure should not be applied while emptying the containers. The containers should be completely drained before despatching them for refilling.

5.3 Transport

5.3-l Methods of Inplant Transport

a) By pipeline - Piping and pumping leakages should be totally avoided.

b) By carboys - Carboys should be properly sealed/closed.

5.3.2 Methods of Transport Used Outside the Plant

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IS : 10870 - 1984

a) By tank trucks - Appropriate caution/safety slogans mentioned in 10.2 should be displayed. Breather valves, flame arresters should be incorporated in the design of the tank trucks. Fire extinguishers as mentioned in 6.1 should be provided.

b) By bottles, - Vapour space should be provided in bottles and drums drums while filling. Captions like highly inflam-

mable and handle with care to be printed on labels.

6. FIRE PREVENTION/FIRE FIGHTING

6.1 Types of Extinguishing Agents and Equipment Which can be Used

a) Foam,

b) Sand,

c) Carbon dioxide, and

d) Dry chemical equipments like foam tender, fire extinguisher using carbon dioxide may be used.

6.2 Types of Extinguishing Agents and Equipment Which Should not be Used - Soda acid and water. However, water can be used for tank cooling from outside.

NOTE - Fire fighting and extinguishment is facilitated by provision of permanent fire extinguishing arrangement and portable fire fighting appliances made in accordance with statutory requirements and other recommendations.

7. SPILLAGE AND LEAKAGE

7.0 Avoid spillage on clothing.

7.1 Danger of Fire, Explosion and Toxic Exposure - As given in 3.4 and 4.

7.2 Facilities Required

4

b)

Safety shower should be provided in the vicinity of storage and handling area. If the area covered is wide, it should be ensured that shower is quickly and easily accessible to all persons concerned or more number of showers may be provided depend- ing upon the need.

A fire hydrant line should be provided near the area of storage/ handling of hexane.

7.3 Protection of Persons Engaged - No special protective safety equipment is required to handle. However, safety goggles and gloves should be worn by plant personnel and by maintenance workers attend- ing to a job close to manufacturing area ( see also 11.1 ).

a

IS: 10870-1984

8. WASTE DISPOSAL

8.0 Oil recovery system may be employed to meet the requirements of IS : 2490 ( Part 1 )-1981*.

8.1 Degree and Type of Treatment - The treatment necessary before final disposal should be according to IS : 10044-19817.

9. FIRE PREVENTION

9.1 Provision of Flame/Explosion Proof Electrical Equipment - Flameproof enclosures of electrical apparatus and electrical equipment used:

a) should meet the requirements of IS : 8240-1976: and IS : 2148- 19688, and

b) provision of explosive meters/flammable vapour indicators should be made.

9.2 Control of Ignition Sources - No operations involving the use of an open flame or other source of ignition should be attempted near/at hexane storagejhandling areas.

9.3 Electrical Continuity and Earthing - Earthing may be done according to IS : 3043.196611

10. HAZARD INFORMATION

10.1 Use of Hazard Warning Symbols/Labels in Plant Areas - Appropriate warning symbols may be devised by safety officer or engineer.

10.2 Cautionary and Warning Notices in Plant - Extensive use of placards depicting the following is recommended in the plant area at appropriate places:

‘DANGER, SMOKITG STRICTLY PROHIBITED, HEXANE- HIGHLY IXFLAMMABLE LIQUID, AVOID SPILLAGE, BRING LEAKAGE TO THE NOTICE OF MAINTENANCE IMMEDIATELY FOR RECTIFICATION’.

10.3 Information on Labels - All containers shall bear an indentify- ing label a3 depicted in IS : 1260 ( Part 1 )-19731. The containers shall

*Tolerance limits for industrial effluents discharged into inland surface waters: Part 1 General limits ( second recision ).

tGuide for treatment and disposal of effluents of petroleum refining industry. tGuide for electrical equipment for atmospheres. iFlameproof enclosures of electrica apparatus ( Jirst revision ) [ICode for practice for earthing. IPictorial markings for handling and labelling of goods: Part 1 Dangerous goods.

9

IS : 108iO - 1984

also be labelled as follows:

DANGER HIGHLY INFAMMABLE LIQUID KEEP IN COOL PLACE HANDLE WITH CARE TC AVOID LEAKAGE AND FIRE- HAZARD USE NON-SPARKING TOOLS

11. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

11.1 Suggested Non-respiratory Protective Devices - Safety goggles and gloves should be worn by plant and maintenance personnel ( see also 7.3 ).

12. TRAINING EDUCATION

12.1 Preplacement training should include information about safety procedures, and actions in emergency; and refresher training should be given periodically.

13. HEALTH MONITORING

13.1 Pre-employment Examination and Necessity of Examina- tion of Particular Body System, Use of Special Tests - General physical check up to be carried out before placing the personnel for sound health and body system which shall include examination of respiratory system and nervous system.

13.2 Periodicity of Subsequent Examination - Shall be conducted at suitabIe,intervals.

13.3 Maintenance of Record - Findings of examination and results of tests performed should be properly recorded.

14. FIRST AID

14.1 Action in Emergency - Although spillage on clothes and body does not cause any damage, it is advisable to remove the clothing immediately since it forms a fire hazard. In case of inhalation of vapour, immediately remove the affected person into open fresh air. Put him in a comfortable position.

14.2 Use of Eye Fountain and Shower - Recommended as given in 7.2.

14.3 Suggestion to Physicians Regarding Medical Aid - Administer oxygen with the use of intermittent positive pressure breathing apparatus.

10