is 11999 (2007): method for determination of plastic
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IS 11999 (2007): Method for determination of plastic strainratio 'r' for steel metals [MTD 3: Mechanical Testing ofMetals]
June 2007
Wwlkl
IS 11999:20071s010113 :1991
*
(Wa7@im ),!
Indian Stan@mi’
PI
METHOD FOR DETE MIN ~TlOl$l OF PLASTICSTRAIN RA~10 ‘r’ OR li@!ET METALS,. -.’
(First kevisibn )’. ‘
Ics 77.040.10
,
0 BIS 2007
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDSMANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002
,,Price Group 2
Mechanical Testing of Metals Sectional Committee, MTD 3
NATIONAL FOREWORD
This Indian Standard (First Revision) which is identical with ISO 10113:1991 ‘Metallic materials —Sheet and strip — Determination of plastic strain ratio’ issued by the International Organization forStandardization (ISO) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards on the recommendation of theMechanical Testing of Metals Sectional Committee and approval of the Metallurgical Engineering DivisionCouncil.
This standard was originally published in 1987. This revision of the standard has been taken up toalign it with ISO 10113:1991 by adoption under dual numbering system.
The text of ISO Standard has been approved as suitable for publication as an Indian Standard withoutdeviations. Certain conventions are, however, not identical to those used in Indian Standards. Attentionis particularly drawn to the following:
a) Wherever the words ‘International Standard’ appear referring to this star&rd, they shouldbe read as ‘Indian Standard’. ,., ”
b) Comma (,) has been used as a decimal mar~er @Me in !ndkq q, UM -!.
practice is to use a point (.) as the decimal m~’ ker. , ,,,.. ‘~. -,.
~ ~~ .
,,In this adopted standard, reference appears to certain Interns ipn~~~~ ~fan Star&@salso exist. The corresponding Indian Standards which are o be 8-,* tt#t’ places are listedbelow along with their degree of equivalence for the editiori incU@@ ,, ~ ‘ .
,,’
International Standard Corresponding } @an SiM&@ Degree ofEquivalence
ISO 6892 : 1984 Metallic IS 1608:2005 Metallid materiafs —Tensile Technicallymaterials — Tensile testing testing at ambient temperature (third Equivalent
revision)
1s0 7500-1 : 1988 Metallic IS 1828 (Part 1) :2005 Metallic materials domaterials — Verification of static — Verification of static uniaxial testinguniaxial testing machines — machines: Part 1 Tension/compressionPart 1 : Tensile testing machines testing machines — Verification of
calibration of the force-measuring system(third revision)
1s0 9513 : 1989 Metallic ISO 12872 : 1990 Metallic materials — Identicalmaterials — Verification of Verification of extensometers used inextensometers used in uniaxial uniaxial testingtesting
In reporting the results of a test or analysis made in accordance with this standard, if the final value,observed or calculated, is to be rounded off, it shall be done in accordance with IS 2:1960 ‘Rules forrounding off numerical values (revised)’.
IS 11999:20071s0 10113:1991
Indian Standard
1 Scope
METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF PLASTICSTRAIN RATIO ‘r’ FOR SHEET METALS
( First Revision)
This International Standard specifies a method fordetermining the plastic strain ratio of flat products(sheet and strip) made of metallic materials.
2 Normative references
The following standards contain provisions which,through reference in this text, constitute provisionsof this International Standard. At the time of publi-cation, the editions indicated were valid. All stan-dards are subject to revision, and parties toagreements based on this International Standardare encouraged to investigate the possibility of ap-plying the most recent editions of the standards in-dicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintainregisters of currently valid International Standards.
ISO 6892:1984, Mefallic materials – Tensile festing.
ISO 7500-1:1986, Meia//ic materials — Verification ofstatic uniaxial testing machines — Part 1: Tensiletesting machines,
ISO 9513:1989, Metallic materials — Verification ofextensometers used in uniaxial testing.
3 Definitions
‘b is the true width strain.
The above expression is only valid in the regionwhere the plastic strain is homogeneous.
Since it is easier to measure changes in length thanchanges in thickness, the following relationship de-rived from the law of constancy of volume beforeand after plastic strain is used to calculate the plas-tic strain ratio r
()In ~
r=
(–)
Lb‘n l@bO
In addition to the calculated value of r, the orien-tation of the test piece relative to the rolling direc-tion, as well as the strain level, shall be stated. Forexample: rd5i20(see table 1).
For some materials exhibiting a phase change dur-ing plastic deformation, the volume of the measuredsection cannot always be assumed constant. In suchcases, the formula to be applied shall be agreed,prior to testing, between the interested parties andshall be stated in the test report,
3.2 weighted average plastic strain ratio, 7: Theweighted average of the rxlYvalues for different testpiece orientations, calculated using the formula
For the purposes of this International Standard, therO+ r90+ 2r45;=
following definitions apply, 4
3.1 plastic strain ratio, E The ratio of the true width 3.3 degree of planar anisotropy, An A coefficientstrain and true thickness strain in a test piece that calculated using the formulahas been submitted to uniaxial tensile stress:
Ar = ~ (rO+ r90– 2r45)‘br=—
‘a
For some materials, other test piece orientationswhere may be chosen, in which case formulae other than
those given in 3.2 and 3.3 will have to be used.
‘a is the true thickness strain; These formulae shall be given in the test report.
1
IS 11999:2007ISO1O1I3:I99I
4 Symbols
The meaninas of the symbols used in this inter-national Sta;dard are gi;en in table 1
Symbol
bO
b
14
L
r
rXIY
~ 1)
Ar
S*
‘b
Table 1
Meaning
Original gauge width of the test piece
Gauge width of the test piece afterstraining to a specified elongation
Original gauge length
Gauge length after straining to aspecified elongation
Plastic strain ratio
Plastic strain ratio in x-direction (indegrees) relative to the rolling direc-tion at a strain level of y ?40
Weighted average Of rXIYvalues
Degree of planar anisotropy
True thtckness strainTrue width strain
1) In some countries rmis used instead of F.
—Unit
mm
mm
mm
mm
—
—
—
.
—
—
5 Principie
A test piece is subjected to a tensile test to a speci-fied strain level and the plastic strain ratio r calcu-lated from measurements of the changes in lengthand width. The orientation of the test piece relativeto the rolling direction, and the strain level for whichthe values of r are determined, are as specified inthe relevant product standard.
6 Test equipment
The tensile testing machine used shall comply withthe requirements of ISO 6892 and ISO 7500-1.
The device(s) used for determining the changes ingauge length and gauge width shall be capable ofmeasuring to within + 0,01 mm and + 0,005 mm,respectively.
Where extensometers are used, they shall beciass 1, as defined in ISO 9513, or better.
The method of gripping the test piece shali be asspecified in ISO 6892.
2
7 Test piece
7.1 The test piece shall be obtained in accordancewith the requirements of the relevant product stan-dard or, if not specitled therein, as agreed betweenthe interested parties.
The type of test piece and its preparation, Includingthe machining tolerances, the tolerances on shapeand’ the marking of the original gauge length, shallbe as defined in !S0 6892, but” within the gaugelength the edges shall be suMciently close to paral-lel far no two width measurements to differ by morethan 0,1 ?O of the, mean of ali the width measure-metits.
7.2 The test piece thickness shali be the full sheetthickness unless otherwise specified,
7.3 The surface of the test piece shall not be dam-aged by scratches, etc.
8 Procedure
8.1 The test is normaliy carried out at ambienttemperature between 10 “C and 35 “C. Tests carriedout under controlled conditions shall be made at atemperature of 23 “C + 5 “C.
8.2 itthe strain measurements are made manu-ally, the original width of the test piece shall bemeasured at least at three points evenly distributedalong the gauge length, including one measurementat each end of the gauge iength. The mean vaiue ofthese width measurements shail be used in calcu-lating the piastic strain ratio.
8.3 If the measurements are made automatically,the original gauge length and the width at ieast atone measurement point shali be measured using anextensometer of class 1, as defined in iSO 9513, orbetter.
8.4 The test speed, i.e. the speed of separation ofthe crossheads of the machine, shall not exceed
50 0/0 of L= per minute
where LC is the length of the parallei-sided portionof the test piece.
8.5 Mount the test piece in the grips of the testingmachine and, keeping the test speed within the limitspecifted in 8.4,
a) either appiy the force required to achieve thestrain ievel specified in the relevant productstandard (manuai determination),
IS 11999:20071s0 10113:1991
b) or apply the force required to determine widthvalues at the strain level specified in the relevantproduct standard (automatic determination).
8.6 in the case of manual determination, after re-moving the force measure the gauge length L andgauge width b in the same manner and to the sametolerances as for the original gauge length and ori-ginal gauge width.
8.7 In the case of automatic determination, themeasurements of length and width at the specifiedstrain level shall be made using an extensometeras specified in clause 6.
8.8 If the test piece shows any transverse bow (seefigure 1), which could influence the test results, thetest shall be considered invalid and a new test shallbe carried out.
9 Expression of results
9.1 For a manual determination, calculate theplastic strain ratio, the weighted average of theplastic strain ratio for different test piece orien-tations, and the degree of planar anisotropy usingthe formulae given in 3.!, 3.2 and 3.3.
9.2 For an automatic determination, the automatictensile testing machine and data processing pro-gramme give the plastic strain ratio, the weightedaverage of the plastic strain ratio for different testpiece orientations, and the degree of planaranisotropy directly.
9.3 The calculated values of the plastic strain ratioshall be reported to the nearest 0,05.
9.4 Manual and automatic determinations maygive different results. In the case of significant dif-ferences, the manual determination shall be con-
1sidered the reference method.
10 Test report
The test report shall include the following informa-tion:
\\ t--Transverse bow
IFigure 1 — Transverse bow
‘11’
j 8.9 If the plastic strain is not
in a test piece
homogeneous, the! test results shall be considered invalid and a new
test shall be carried out.I
!
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f-l
9)
h)
a reference to this International Standard;
identification of material tested;
the method used (manual or automatic);
the type of test piece used;
the orientation of the test piece relative to therolling direction;
the strain level at which the measurements weremade;
the test results;
the formulae used to calculate 7 and Ar if differ-ent from the formulae given in 3,2 and 3,3.
3
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This Indian Standard has been developed from Dot: V,o.mm 9@@fl)..,1 :..’
....,; ;: .~,<,,.,.
Amendments Issued Sinc e‘~t”,:h:-.,.,,, .,
Amend No.~,
Date of Issue Text ,Affected
,,
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